Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Enlightened Leadership Practices On Organizational Sustainability: An Analytical Research In The Colleges Of The University Of Baghdad, Duaa Rasol Mahdi, Alyaa Jassim Mohammed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The current research aims to study the impact of enlightened leadership - represented by role model, developer, servant, communicator, visionary, changer - as an independent variable, on organizational sustainability - which includes direction, behavior, organization, guidance and evaluation. . As a dependent variable among a sample of university leaders. At the University of Baghdad. Knowing the extent of colleges’ interest in research variables and dimensions. The problem is limited understanding and use of enlightened leadership to achieve sustainability in the college environment. The research asks: Do informed leadership practices have an impact on organizational sustainability in the colleges of the …

The Role Of Digital Marketing Tools In Marketing Literacy: An Exploratory Study From Some Customer's Perspective Of Earthlink Internet Services Company, Mohammed Edan Al Khazraje

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: This research discusses the nature of the relationship between digital marketing tools and marketing literacy. Theoretical framework: The topic of marketing literacy is a modern marketing topic, (Rahmanto et al., 2023). Several researchers have reported good results on the impact of social media on digital literacy (Arafah and Hasyim, 2022), digital marketing, and digital literacy (Suparno et al., 2023). However, there is a scarcity of research addressing the impact of digital marketing tools on marketing literacy. Design/methodology/approach: This study relied on the descriptive analytical approach in collecting and analyzing data and arriving at the results. Earthlink Company was chosen …

The Relationship Between The Exchange Rate And The Price Elasticity Of Demand For Some Imported Intermediate Goods In Iraq For The Period 2010-2021, Ban Khaleel Ibraheem, Manahel Mustafa Abdulhameed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The research provides several analyses, scientific evidence, and theoretical evidence, which clarify the relationship between the exchange rate in Iraq and the import of a group of intermediate goods for the period 2010-2021, as the research problem is represented by the problems and obstacles that caused a decline in the level of local production, and which contributed to an imbalance in output. GDP, and then an imbalance in the (non-oil) trade balance within the current account of the balance of payments. The research discussed the basic concepts of the exchange rate and its determination mechanism, price elasticity, intermediate goods and …

The Policy Of Fiscal Austerity And Its Impact On The Public Budget Deficit In Egypt For The Period (2004-2021), Saja Basit Mohammed, Mohammed Saleh Salman Al-Kubaisi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The study aimed to take austerity measures to address the public budget deficit in Egypt, as the public budget deficit is one of the most important economic problems that affects the public financial situation, and the Egyptian economy does not differ from the rest of the world’s countries in terms of the increasing public budget deficit. The analytical approach was used to show the impact of the financial austerity policy on the public Budget deficit. Egypt succeeded in adopting a policy of financial austerity, as after several years of slow growth and weak economic performance, the Egyptian economy began to …

Government Investment Spending And Its Role In The Agricultural Sector For The Period (2004-2021), Maitham Adnan Ghanawi, Lawrence Yahiya Saleh Al- Kubaisi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The research addresses the reality of government investment spending in Iraq and its potential impact on the agricultural sector. Agriculture is considered one of the most important economic sectors in the country, as it contributes to achieving food security. However, the sector is witnessing several challenges that affect its productivity and development, including the need for more government investment. This study represents an attempt to analyze the impact of government investment spending on the agricultural sector and estimate the extent of its impact on productivity. The study is based on an in-depth review of the available literature and analysis of …

Measuring The Relationship Between The Indicators Of The Optimal Level Of Foreign Reserves And The Window For Selling Foreign Currency In Iraq For The Period (2004-2021), Muthana Salim Yahya, Salah Mahdi Abbas Al-Birmani

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Foreign reserves are important in supporting the local currency, as the Iraqi economy maintained an optimal level of foreign reserves and the(CB) contributed to sterilizing the money supply, confronting the increasing spending of the Ministry of Finance, and maintaining the stability of the local currency exchange rate, as the study aimed to analyze the impact The window on inflation rates, which is one of the direct tools used by monetary policy. The problem of the study is that rentier economies suffer from weak transmission and effectiveness of traditional channels, so the window for selling foreign currency must be followed. The …

The Role Of Mental Models In Strategic Decisions: Comparative Field Research On A Sample Of Iraqi Government And Private Insurance Companies In Baghdad, Ahmed Mahdi Ali, Salah Aldeen Kareem Al-Kubaisi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This research seeks to measure the role of mental models in their dimensions (equipment, implementation, interaction, compatibility, timing) in the strategic decision in its dimensions (identification, development, selection). The field of research consisted of three government insurance companies and seven private insurance companies in Baghdad. Obtaining the necessary data for the field aspect through questionnaires, personal interviews, and company documents, and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the comparative approach, as a purposive sample was drawn of (63) individuals with the rank of assistant director and head of department in government companies from a population size of (71), …

The Future Of Competition And Transformation In The Global Energy Market Between Primary And Renewable Energy And Its Repercussions On Iraq, Hossam Salem Abdullah, Jasim Mohammed Mushib

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Oil is considered important and dominant part in the world of energy, especially industrialized and emerging countries, in terms of solidity and production, and it is difficult to dispense with it, especially in the transportation sector. Oil and gas played an important role in pushing the economic movement forward, throughout history, and despite its importance, it is considered largest part of environmental pollutant, most developed countries have begun to search for renewable energy of various types for security, economic, and environmental reasons, despite its high cost compared to fossil fuels. The aim of the research was to identify global expectations …

The Development Of Banking Services And Their Role In Enhancing The Volume Of Credit Granted To The Private Sector In Iraq For The Period (2017-2022), Anwar Lafta Mohammed, Mohammed Kadhin Shamkhi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The advanced banking system serves as a vital cornerstone for economic growth due to the crucial services it provides to the economy. These services include mobilizing local savings through deposits, providing loans, monitoring project owners who borrow from banks, risk management, facilitating financial transactions, and more. The researcher utilizes banking service indicators (such as the ATM and POS penetration) and indicators of private sector credit (like the ratio of private sector credit to Gross Domestic Product) to examine the relationship between banking services and the volume of credit provided to the private sector in Iraq. The study aims to understand …

The Role Of The Iraq Stock Exchange In Creating Government Fiscal Space: A Forward-Looking Perspective, Inaam Majeed Abdul Hussein, Safaa Ali Hussein Al-Bakri

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The stock market is one cornerstone of an economy, and relying on limited financial resources in any country has become increasingly challenging. Recognizing the significance of the financial market in bridging the financing gap in the economy, most countries have acknowledged its pivotal role, especially in the aftermath of numerous global financial crises. This acknowledgement involves mobilizing savings from surplus entities to deficit entities and channeling them into various investments by issuing financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, and government securities. Consequently, the financial market provides liquidity and cash flow, creating a fiscal space that can be utilized to fund …

The Role Of Islamic Banks In Stimulating Economic Growth (Sudan As A Model), Faissal Jarallah Muhmmd, Dawood Abdul Jabbar Ahmed

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The study aims to the extent of the ability of these banks to influence economic growth through economic indicators such as their financial assets and the extent of their size and development from year to year, as well as the indicator of credit granted by Islamic banks in Sudan to the Sudanese economic sectors, as well as the indicator of the financing formulas in force in these banks and the quality of those indicators in contributing to the productive process through the production of goods and services, which indicates an increase in GDP and thus the progress of economic growth …

A Comparison Between Speckman And Bayesian Estimation Method Of A Semiparametric Balanced Longitudinal Data Model, Ahmed Abdulsamad Habeeb, Qutaiba N. Nayef Al-Qazaz

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This paper aims to use semi-parametric regression to balanced longitudinal data model, where the parametric regression models suffer from the problem of strict constraints, while non-parametric regression models, despite their flexibility, suffer from the problem of the curse of dimensionality. Consequently, semi-parametric regression is an ideal solution to get rid of the problems that parametric and non-parametric regression suffer from. The great advantage of this model is that it contains all the positive features included in the previous two models, such as containing strict restrictions in its parametric component, complete flexibility in its non-parametric component, and clarity of the interaction …

Some Fuzzy Least Squares Estimators For Regression Model Using Different Kernel Functions, Areej Ibrahim Tawfeeq, Emad Hazim Aboudi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This paper presents a method for addressing the issue of outliers in fuzzy data. The method involves calculating a new distance between fuzzy numbers using various kernel functions, based on the fuzzy least squares method. The parameters of the fuzzy regression model were estimated in cases where the explanatory variables were non-fuzzy, the parameters were fuzzy, and the response variable was both fuzzy and an outlier. These estimators were then compared to the Fuzzy Least Squares method (FLS) using Mean Square Error (MSE) through simulations with different sample sizes (25, 50, 100, 150) and levels of outliers (0, 0.10, 0.20, …

The Bi-Level Programming Approach To Improve The Inventory Control System With A Practical Application, Othman Atiya Wardil, Samera Khaleel Ibrahim

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

In this research, we investigated addressing the challenges associated with the seasonal allergic medical drug inventory system. The focus was on determining the optimal demand by calculating the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and achieving the lowest cost within the Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Supplies company in Samarra. The primary objective was to efficiently meet the demand for seasonal allergy medications by identifying the optimal demand for medical drugs. The study encompassed two types of seasonal allergy medications, namely Samatifen drink and VALIAPAM 2 pills. The calculation of the lowest cost involved two methods: the multi-component production model without deficit, with …

The Impact Of Competency-Based Human Resources Management And The Resource-Based Approach On Creative Performance By Mediating The Knowledge Economy: An Analytical Research In The Central Bank Of Iraq, Mohammed Flayyih Hamzah, Ghani Dahham Al Zubaidi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The research aims to clarify the effect of competency-based human resources management and the resource-based approach on creative performance through the mediating role of the knowledge economy. As a result of the pressures and challenges faced by the Central Bank, which requires efficient, distinguished and knowledgeable human resources, the researchers prompted the researchers to choose these variables through which to address some problems. Its importance is to help business organizations focus on intangible assets more than tangible assets. The research was launched from two main hypotheses to explore the relationships of influence by analyzing the answers of the research sample, …

Comparison Of Some Wavelet Transformations To Estimate Nonparametric Regression Function, Saad Kadem Hamza

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The purpose of this article is to improve and minimize noise from the signal by studying wavelet transforms and showing how to use the most effective ones for processing and analysis. As both the Discrete Wavelet Transformation method was used, we will outline some transformation techniques along with the methodology for applying them to remove noise from the signal. Proceeds based on the threshold value and the threshold functions Lifting Transformation, Wavelet Transformation, and Packet Discrete Wavelet Transformation. Using AMSE, A comparison was made between them , and the best was selected. When the aforementioned techniques were applied to actual …

A Linear Programming Method For Finding The Critical Path And The Desired Time To Complete The Project, Muna Shaker Salman

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The Nineveh Grain Store project is considered one of the important projects in the Ministry of Commerce/General Company for Grain Trade in general and Nineveh Governorate in particular. The research problem focused on the fact that many projects are slow and not completed on time, and the reason is the lack of keeping pace with the technological development of developed countries at the present time, which leads to delaying the duration of project completion, and this in turn leads to high costs and thus failure to complete the project on time.The main objective of this research is to use the …

The Mediating Influence Of Accounting Information Relevance On Mitigating Information Asymmetry Via It Governance Implementation, Thabit H. Thabit, Salman Hussin Abdullah

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This research investigates the mediating role of Accounting Information Relevance (AIR) in mitigating Information Asymmetry (IA) through the implementation of Information Technology Governance (ITG) practices within the context of private commercial banks in Iraq. IA is a persistent concern in financial markets and firms, as it can lead to adverse consequences such as agency problems and reduced efficiency. The sample for this research comprises 99 employees from five private commercial banks operating in Iraq, and data analysis is conducted using the Smart PLS. By focusing on the unique setting of Iraq's private banking sector, this research contributes to the existing …

The Effect Of The Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards (Ifrs) On The Asymmetry Of Accounting Information, Zahraa Taleb Abdullah, Mohammed Abdullah Ibrahim

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The research aims to clarify the impact of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the asymmetry of accounting information. To achieve the research goal, the researchers selected commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange as a research community, specifying (12) commercial banks as a sample for the research, and relied on the financial statements. Actually, for a period of (6) years (2013-2018), divided into (3) years before the adoption of IFRS and three years after the adoption of IFRS.A measure of the dispersion of financial analysts' forecasts was used to measure the impact of adopting IFRS on the …

Role Of Financial Reporting On Carbon Emissions In Enhancing The Relevance Of Accounting Information, Sana Tuama Kudair, Lubna Zaid Ibrahim

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

In an effort to enhance the applicability of accounting data for international oil corporations operating in Iraq, this study delves into the role of Financial Reporting on Carbon Emissions (FRCE). The researchers explore the overarching concept and significance of the Relevance of Accounting Information (RAI) in general, with a specific focus on its application to accounting information related to carbon emissions. The study also addresses the financial reporting of carbon emissions in industrial companies. Using two mathematical models, namely the Informational Content Model (ICM) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), the researchers conduct an in-depth analysis of eleven years' worth …

Forensic Accounting And Its Effectiveness On Achieving The Economic Dimension Of Sustainable Development, Jassim Fadhil Khudair, Suad Adnan Noman Al-Shammari

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The research aims to clarify the concepts of Forensic accounting and the economic dimension of sustainable development and to explain the relationship that links them, and The research starts from a basic problem: the extent to which Forensic accounting contributes to achieving the economic dimension of sustainable development, To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers created a questionnaire consisting of two parts to test the two research hypotheses, The research sample consisted of (112) individuals working (academics and professionals) in the Federal Bureau of Financial Supervision and its affiliated bodies in Baghdad, and the researchers reached a set …

The Role Of Continuous Improvement Technology In Cost Reduction, Haneen Amjad Faiq, Miaad Hameed Ali

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

In recent years, many economic units have suffered losses as a result of a series of internal and external factors that led to an increase in their costs compared with expected revenues as a result of the use of high-cost materials, in addition to the environmental impacts as a result of their manufacturing waste ,To address this problem, the researcher used continuous improvement technology, used the Japanese approach, and identified high-cost raw materials. In addition to being harmful to the environment (copper, tin, antimony, and arsenic), to replaced with aluminum and calcium alloys, which in turn led to reducing battery …

The Impact Of Digital Transformation On Office Management Efficiency, Nehad Habes Al-Saudi, Hakeem Hammood Flayyih

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

Purpose: The study examines digitalization literature on office administration efficiency in firms from management, marketing, finance, and accounting in Jordan Companies. Theoretical framework: The questionnaire regularly compliments Digital Transformation (DT) on Office Management Efficiency (OME) contributions. Participants say digitalization improves job effectiveness, validating the findings. The concepts were supported by multiple questions. Design/methodology/approach: We focused our analysis on 34 research papers related to DT and OME for the period from 2017 to 2024. Based on bibliometric analysis, this paper highlights the prevailing trend of current study in the field of DT and OME, by providing a detailed bibliometric analysis of …

The Role Of Technology-Based Customer Relationship Management In Sustainable Competitive Advantage - A Field Study Of Iraqi Banks, Alzahraa Sabah Alchalabi*, Saadoon Hammood Chitheer Al-Rubaiawi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of technology-based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on sustainable competitive advantage in government and private banks in Baghdad. The research problem is summarized by the main question: “Have bank leaderships been able to leverage technology-based CRM for sustainable competitive advantage? And have they been able to maximize this impact?” Given the significance of the banking sector, government and private banks in Baghdad were chosen as the focus of this research. Commercial and Islamic banks were selected for the study, and the researcher conducted field visits to six banks (including Rafidain Bank, …

Saas Application Maturity Assessment Model, Saiqa Aleem, Rabia Batool, Shayma Alkobaisi, Faheem Ahmed, Asad Masood Khattak

All Works

Software-as-a-service (SaaS), as a software delivery model, has received substantial attention from software providers and users alike. In recent years, it has become one of the most promising service delivery models in cloud computing. Many existing companies are transferring their business into the SaaS delivery model. Network vendors also migrate to a SaaS business model by offering on-demand remote IT support. This increasingly competitive landscape and the variety in markets have imposed many challenges for SaaS developers and vendors and made it difficult to find a consensus on the factors contributing to the positive performance of SaaS businesses. This paper …

How Does The Proportion Of Child-Specific Content Of Pre-Registration Nursing Programmes In Higher Education Institutions Impact Upon Newly Qualified Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Preparedness To Care For Children, Young People, And Their Families? A Narrative Review Protocol., Matt Carey, Sarah Neill, Julie Blamires, Danielle Edge, Mandie Foster

School of Nursing and Midwifery

This paper presents a narrative review protocol to explore how the proportion of child specific content of pre-registration programmes in universities impact upon newly qualified nurses’ perceptions of preparedness to care for children, young people (CYP) and their families. The preparation and education to become a nurse that cares for children and young people differs from country to country. Providers of pre-registration nurse education offer routes into nursing from diploma to degree and in some countries post-graduate routes. The United Kingdom offer pre-registration programmes leading to qualifying as a children’s nurse whereas programmes in countries such as the United States …

First Record Of The Diamond-Backed Watersnake (Nerodia Rhombifer) In Nebraska, Joseph W. Paysen, Keith Geluso, Daniel D. Fogell

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The diamond-backed Watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer) is a fairly large-bodied (≤2100g), semi-aquatic snake associated with wetlands throughout the south-central United States. Distribution of this species closely aligns with river floodplains in parts of its distribution, including the Missouri River floodplain as far north as Holt County, Missouri. Herein, we report on the first record of the Diamond-backed Watersnake in Nebraska. On May 21, 2011, Daniel D. Fogell collected a juvenile Diamond-backed Watersnake in southeastern Richardson County representing the first occurrence of the species in the state, which is adjacent to Holt County, Missouri. In extreme southeastern Nebraska, the distribution of this …

Cardiac Manifestations And Outcomes Of Covid-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis In The Young In The Usa: Longitudinal Results From The Myocarditis After Covid Vaccination (Maciv) Multicenter Study, Supriya S. Jain, Steven A. Anderson, Jeremy M. Steele, Hunter C. Wilson, Juan Carlos Muniz, Jonathan H. Soslow, Rebecca S. Beroukhim, Victoria Maksymiuk, Xander Jacquemyn, Olivia H. Frosch, Brian Fonseca, Ashraf S. Harahsheh, Sujatha Buddhe, Ravi C. Ashwath, Deepika Thacker, Shiraz A. Maskatia, Nilanjana Misra, Jennifer A. Su, Saira Siddiqui, Danish Vaiyani, Aswathy K. Vaikom-House, M. Jay Campbell, Jared Klein, Sihong Huang, Christopher Mathis, Matthew D. Cornicelli, Madhu Sharma, Lakshmi Nagaraju, Marla Johnston, Et Al

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: We aimed to study the clinical characteristics, myocardial injury, and longitudinal outcomes of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis (C-VAM). Methods: In this longitudinal retrospective observational cohort multicenter study across 38 hospitals in the United States, 333 patients with C-VAM were compared with 100 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). We included patients ≤ 30 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination based on clinical presentation, abnormal biomarkers and/or cardiovascular imaging findings. Demographics, past medical history, hospital course, biochemistry results, cardiovascular imaging, and follow-up information from April 2021 to November 2022 were collected. The …

Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Postmenopausal Women, Lin Yang, Adetunji T Toriola

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the treatment of choice for symptoms of menopause. However, its adoption is hindered by the risk-benefit trade-off in relation to acute and chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in and correlates of MHT use among postmenopausal women in the US from 1999 to March 2020.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This serial cross-sectional analysis of MHT use used data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants included noninstitutionalized US postmenopausal women from 10 NHANES study cycles (1999-2000 to 2017-March 2020 [pre-COVID-19 pandemic]). Data were analyzed from December 2023 to April …

Novel Cyclic Homogeneous Oscillation Detection Method For High Accuracy And Specific Characterization Of Neural Dynamics, Hohyun Cho, Markus Adamek, Jon T Willie, Peter Brunner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Determining the presence and frequency of neural oscillations is essential to understanding dynamic brain function. Traditional methods that detect peaks over 1/