Digital Commons Network^™

Enhancing Cybersecurity Awareness Through Gamification: Design An Interactive Cybersecurity Learning Platform For Multimedia University Students, Adlil Khaliq Abdul Razack, Mohamad Firdaus Mat Saad

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Cybersecurity has emerged as a critical imperative in contemporary digital landscapes, necessitating heightened awareness and proficiency across all demographic segments. Accordingly, this research has been meticulously crafted to delve into the complexities of cybersecurity awareness, with a specific focus on university students. The study embarks on an exhaustive analysis encompassing the evaluation of cybersecurity awareness levels within the targeted groups, the identification of prevailing issues and practices, and an exploration of novel methodologies, notably gamification, to fortify cybersecurity knowledge and skills among diverse user cohorts. Central to this investigation is the efficacy of gamified learning environments tailored expressly for augmenting …

Comparative Analysis Of Linear And Nonlinear Semg Methods For Detecting Muscle Fatigue During Dynamic Biceps Curls, Tang Ming, Ling Weay Ang, Sellappan Palaniappan

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Muscle fatigue, a key concern in sports science, rehabilitation, and occupational health, influences performance, injury risk, and provides insights into muscle functionality and endurance. Surface electromyography (sEMG) has emerged as a vital tool for non-invasively tracking muscle electrical activity and gauging health. As its application for muscle fatigue assessment grows, identifying the most accurate analytical methods is essential. Current sEMG analyses employ both linear and nonlinear metrics to measure fatigue onset and progression, yet research is ongoing to determine which method is most effective in the context of dynamic contractions. The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of established …

Pi Class – A Revolutionary Step Forward In Hybrid Class Management System, Qasim Hassan, Nabiha Faisal, Ayesha Anees Zaveri

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruptions globally, resulting in a state of health emergency with numerous deaths reported and an overall implementation of quarantine and isolation. Strict lockdowns have been implemented to curb the spread of the virus, requiring social distancing and limiting physical interactions. These measures had far-reaching impacts on all aspects of life, including education. Education was one of the most affected sectors, with difficulty delivering quality education in schools, colleges, and universities. It was hard to provide quality education, a basic need of humanity. In this research paper, we propose an adequate solution to overcome the …

Comparative Evaluation Of Machine Learning Models For Mobile Phone Price Prediction: Assessing Accuracy, Robustness, And Generalization Performance, Saima Anwar Lashari, Muhammad Muntazir Khan, Abdullah Khan, Sana Salahuddin, Muhammad Noman Ata

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

These days, mobile phones are the most commonly purchased goods. Thousands of new models with improved features, designs, and specifications are released yearly. An autonomous mobile price prediction system is required to assist customers in determining whether or not they can afford these devices. Many machine learning models exhibit varying performance degrees based on their architecture and learning properties. Ten widely used classifiers were assessed in this study: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), AdaBoost, and Light Gradient Boosting …

Investigation On Understanding The Numeracy Capacity Of Intellectual Disabled Students Using Enabling Technology Tools: Web Application, Ar And Ui/Ux, Vishvjit Thakar, Romany Thakar, Pratik Vyas

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

The population of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) is increasing, necessitating assistance with a wide range of daily activities. Acquiring and assessing numeracy and communication skills are critical for this demographic, requiring tools and techniques tailored to their specific needs. Effective educational tools must employ multi-modal and multi-sensory approaches to cater to diverse learning styles and incorporate assistive technological solutions. Despite the availability of numerous tools, there is a need to enhance their utility and effectiveness. This study aims to identify and refine the requirements for an innovative educational tool that employs Two-dimensional (2D) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies. To …

Ddos Attack Detection With Machine Learning, Wei-Wu Tay, Siew-Chin Chong, Lee-Ying Chong

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Nowadays, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are a major issue in internet security. These attacks target servers or network infrastructure. Similar to an unanticipated traffic jam on highway (lagging/crash) that prevent normal traffic reach to destination. DDoS may prevent users to access any system services. Researchers and scientists have developed numerous methods and algorithms to improve the performance of DDoS detection. In this paper, a DDoS detection method utilizing machine learning is proposed. There are three type of supervised machine learning classification methods which are K-Nearest Neighbor, Multilayer Perceptron and Random Forest, are applied in the proposed work to …

Editorial: Artificial Intelligence And Cybersecurity In Pervasive Computing, Ji-Jian Chin

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Pervasive computing, or ubiquitous computing, is rapidly increasing in capacity and capabilities. With the Internet of Things (IoT) becoming an integral part of daily life and the growing availability of edge computing resources, automation guided by data is advancing applications in healthcare, manufacturing, automotive, and other areas. It's natural that pervasive computing will intersect with artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity. AI can improve detection, prediction, and anticipative responses to human needs, while cybersecurity addresses topics like misuse prevention, ethics, policies, and governance. This issue features seven articles on these intersections, including four AI articles exploring natural language processing and computer …

Sibling Discrimination Using Linear Fusion On Deep Learning Face Recognition Models, Rita Goel, Maida Alamgir, Haroon Wahab, Maria Alamgir, Irfan Mehmood, Hassan Ugail, Amit Sinha

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

Facial recognition technology has revolutionised human identification, providing a non-invasive alternative to traditional biometric methods like signatures and voice recognition. The integration of deep learning has significantly enhanced the accuracy and adaptability of these systems, now widely used in criminal identification, access control, and security. Initial research focused on recognising full-frontal facial features, but recent advancements have tackled the challenge of identifying partially visible faces, a scenario that often reduces recognition accuracy. This study aims to identify siblings based on facial features, particularly in cases where only partial features like eyes, nose, or mouth are visible. Utilising advanced deep learning …

Hybrideval: An Improved Novel Hybrid Metric For Evaluation Of Text Summarization, Raheem Sarwar, Bilal Ahmad, Pin Shen Teh, Suppawong Tuarob, Tipajin Thaipisutikul, Farooq Zaman, Naif R. Aljohani, Jia Zhu, Saeed-Ul Hassan, Raheel Nawaz, Ali R Ansari, Muhammad A B Fayyaz

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

The present work re-evaluates the evaluation method for text summarization tasks. Two state-of-the-art assessment measures e.g., Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) and Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) are discussed along with their limitations before presenting a novel evaluation metric. The evaluation scores are significantly different because of the length and vocabulary of the sentences, this suggests that the primary restriction is its inability to preserve the semantics and meaning of the sentences and consistent weight distribution over the whole sentence. To address this, the present work organizes the phrases into six different groups and to evaluate “text summarization” problems, a …

Conditional Deployable Biometrics: Matching Periocular And Face In Various Settings, Jihyeon Kim, Tiong-Sik Ng, Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Conditional Deployable Biometrics (CDB), designed to deliver consistent performance across various biometric matching scenarios, including intra-modal, multimodal, and cross-modal applications. The CDB framework provides a versatile and deployable biometric authentication system that ensures reliable matching regardless of the biometric modality being used. To realize this framework, we have developed CDB-Net, a specialized deep neural network tailored for handling both periocular and face biometric modalities. CDB-Net is engineered to handle the unique challenges associated with these different modalities while maintaining high accuracy and robustness. Our extensive experimentation with CDB-Net across five diverse and …

In Search Of Suitable Methods For Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Cyber Risk Mitigation In Offshore Wind: A Survey, Yvonne Hwei-Syn Kam, Kevin Jones, Robert Rawlinson-Smith, Kimberly Tam

Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering

In recent years, notable incidents have highlighted the vulnerability of wind energy infrastructure, making cybersecurity crucial for the offshore wind industry. However, justifying the costs of cybersecurity measures is essential. A cost benefit analysis (CBA) is commonly utilised to support decision-making for risk mitigation. With a cost benefit analysis, risk mitigation strategies that strike an optimal balance between the costs of mitigation measures and the resulting risk reduction can be identified. This survey of literature was carried out to identify the existing proposed solutions for cost benefit analysis on cyber risk mitigation measures for offshore wind cyber physical systems. After …

Human-Environmental Dynamics In Prehistoric Southwest China: Environmental Change And Chronology At Haimenkou, Yunnan, Kai Su

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the environmental dynamics and chronological developments at Haimenkou, Southwest China, providing a nuanced understanding of human-environment interactions from the late Pleistocene through the Holocene. Utilizing geoarchaeological surveys, particle size analysis, loss-on-ignition, and diatom analysis, this research delineates shifts in landscape and settlement patterns in relation to climatic changes and human activities. The results indicate that adaptation to the wetland environment was gradual, with the extent of landscape modification intensifying over time. This modification involved forest clearance, leading to severe soil erosion on mountain slopes, which subsequently destroyed and buried neighboring settlements to Haimenkou. Through rigorous stratigraphic and …

Elucidating The Heterogeneity And Epigenetic Determinants Of Memory-Like Natural Killer Cell Differentiation, Jennifer Tran

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are a first line of defense against virally infected or malignant cells. Their ability to recognize and kill target cells is controlled by engagement of inhibitory, activating, and cytokine receptors. This leads to release of granules that contain perforin and granzymes, expression of death receptor ligands, and production of cytokines and chemokines. An effective NK cell response results in target cell death, along with changes in the nearby cellular microenvironment to promote immunity. As such NK cells play an essential role in tumor immunosurveillance, and there is an inverse correlation between …

Age, Slow Wave Sleep, And Hippocampal-Dependent Memory: Insights Into Cognitive Mapping, Hannah R. Maybrier

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Age, Slow Wave Sleep, and Hippocampal-Dependent Memory: Insights into Cognitive Mapping by Hannah Maybrier Doctor of Philosophy in Psychological and Brain Sciences Clinical Science Aging and Development Washington University in St. Louis, 2024 Denise Head, Chair Aging affects the ability to form cognitive maps—mental representations of spatial layouts—leading to reduced driving mobility and reluctance to visit unfamiliar places (Bryden et al., 2013; Burns, 1999). Since independence is crucial for successful aging, reduced mobility is linked to lower quality of life and well-being in older adults (Spinney et al., 2009). Identifying lifestyle factors that impair cognitive mapping …

Human-Environmental Dynamics In Prehistoric Southwest China: Environmental Change And Chronology At Haimenkou, Yunnan, Kai Su

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the environmental dynamics and chronological developments at Haimenkou, Southwest China, providing a nuanced understanding of human-environment interactions from the late Pleistocene through the Holocene. Utilizing geoarchaeological surveys, particle size analysis, loss-on-ignition, and diatom analysis, this research delineates shifts in landscape and settlement patterns in relation to climatic changes and human activities. The results indicate that adaptation to the wetland environment was gradual, with the extent of landscape modification intensifying over time. This modification involved forest clearance, leading to severe soil erosion on mountain slopes, which subsequently destroyed and buried neighboring settlements to Haimenkou. Through rigorous stratigraphic and …

Elucidating The Heterogeneity And Epigenetic Determinants Of Memory-Like Natural Killer Cell Differentiation, Jennifer Tran

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are a first line of defense against virally infected or malignant cells. Their ability to recognize and kill target cells is controlled by engagement of inhibitory, activating, and cytokine receptors. This leads to release of granules that contain perforin and granzymes, expression of death receptor ligands, and production of cytokines and chemokines. An effective NK cell response results in target cell death, along with changes in the nearby cellular microenvironment to promote immunity. As such NK cells play an essential role in tumor immunosurveillance, and there is an inverse correlation between …

2024-2025 Performance Forum - October 11, 2024, Dj Combs, Nabil Hetman, Santiago Moreno, Patrick Hengstler, Mabel Lecrone, Ruvit Bracho, Rosa Ortega Ianelli, Joel Osinga, Ingryd Herrera, Michael Shipps, Devin Foster, Sheng Yuan Kuan

Performance Forum

No abstract provided.

Instructor-Supported Psychological Need Satisfaction As A Predictor Of Student Engagement And Learning In College, Gulay Guler

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

College students endeavor to navigate the complexities of higher education while simultaneously striving to meet their physical and psychological needs. Delving into Self-Determination Theory, this study identified competence, relatedness, and autonomy as the basic psychological needs. Three mediation models investigated how instructor-supported psychological need satisfaction for competence, relatedness, and autonomy directly and indirectly affects perceived learning. The mediators were four types of engagement: affective engagement in learning, affective engagement in school, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement. 206 college students participated in the study by completing questionnaires during the spring semester of 2023. The results of the mediation models revealed that …

Memory Modulation: Dominance Of Negative Visual Context Over Neutral Verbal Memory, Stas Kozak, Noa Herz, Maya Tocker, Yair Bar-Haim, Nitzan Censor

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Neutral memories can be modulated via intentional memory control paradigms such as directed forgetting. In addition, previous studies have shown that neutral visual memories can be modulated indirectly, via remember and forget instructions towards competing verbal memories. Here we show that direct modulation of neutral verbal memory strength is impaired by negative visual context, and that negative visual context is resistant to indirect memory modulation. Participants were directly instructed to intentionally remember or forget newly encoded neutral verbal information. Importantly, this verbal information was interleaved with embedded negative visual context. Results showed that negative visual context eliminated the well-documented effect …

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Wildlife Monitoring Using Bioacoustics, Kaitlin Campbell, Rita Hagevik, Kathy Cabe Trundle

All Current Publications

Animals use sounds to communicate with each other, just like humans. Humans can listen in on animals by using a bioacoustic monitoring device, a passive device that quietly records surrounding sounds. Bioacoustic monitoring devices blend in with the environment, allowing us to know what types of animals appear when we’re gone. The device collects and stores data and allows us to visualize, analyze, and identify animals from the sounds they make.

Wip: An Engaging Undergraduate Intro To Model Checking In Software Engineering Using Tla+, Konstantin Laufer, Gunda Mertin, George K. Thiruvathukal

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background: In this Innovative Practice Work in Progress, we present our initial efforts to integrate formal methods, with a focus on model-checking specifications written in Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA⁺), into computer science education, targeting undergraduate juniors/seniors and graduate students. Many safety-critical systems and services crucially depend on correct and reliable behavior. Formal methods can play a key role in ensuring correct and safe system behavior, yet remain underutilized in educational and industry contexts.

Aims: We aim to (1) qualitatively assess the state of formal methods in computer science programs, (2) construct level-appropriate examples that could be included …

Terrorist Recruitment Narratives: Key Themes From Expert Reports, Evan Perkoski, Alec Worsnop, Meredith Maloof Loken

Reports, Projects, and Research

This research report was commissioned for an expert report series led by Evan Perkoski as part of his NCITE-funded project, Understanding the Link Between Recruitment and Operational Behavior of Terrorist Organizations. This study examines terrorist recruitment characteristics (such as military experience, professional expertise, age, gender, and education) against terrorist groups’ many operational characteristics (like lethality, success, complexity, innovation, and target types). This study also evaluates recruitment dynamics and success among contemporary groups operating in the U.S.

The Professional And Educational Backgrounds Within Non-State Actors, Patrick Finnegan, Evan Perkoski, Alec Worsnop, Meredith Maloof Loken

Reports, Projects, and Research

This research report was commissioned for an expert report series led by Evan Perkoski as part of his NCITE-funded project, Understanding the Link Between Recruitment and Operational Behavior of Terrorist Organizations. This study examines terrorist recruitment characteristics (such as military experience, professional expertise, age, gender, and education) against terrorist groups’ many operational characteristics (like lethality, success, complexity, innovation, and target types). This study also evaluates recruitment dynamics and success among contemporary groups operating in the U.S. This report passed peer- and scientific-review.

Ideology, Recruitment, And Armed Group Violence, Kai Thaler, Evan Perkoski

Reports, Projects, and Research

This research report was commissioned for an expert report series led by Evan Perkoski as part of his NCITE-funded project, Understanding the Link Between Recruitment and Operational Behavior of Terrorist Organizations. This study examines terrorist recruitment characteristics (such as military experience, professional expertise, age, gender, and education) against terrorist groups’ many operational characteristics (like lethality, success, complexity, innovation, and target types). This study also evaluates recruitment dynamics and success among contemporary groups operating in the U.S. This report passed peer- and scientific-review.

The Drivers And Consequences Of Child Recruitment By Violent Non-State Actors, Chris Faulkner, Evan Perkoski, Alec Worsnop, Meredith Maloof Loken

Reports, Projects, and Research

This research report was commissioned for an expert report series led by Evan Perkoski as part of his NCITE-funded project, Understanding the Link Between Recruitment and Operational Behavior of Terrorist Organizations. This study examines terrorist recruitment characteristics (such as military experience, professional expertise, age, gender, and education) against terrorist groups’ many operational characteristics (like lethality, success, complexity, innovation, and target types). This study also evaluates recruitment dynamics and success among contemporary groups operating in the U.S. This report passed peer- and scientific-review.

Creating Sustainable School And Home Gardens: Using Weather Stations, Jake Sanders, Daniel Findlay, Kathy Cabe Trundle, Rita Hagevik, Kaitlin Campbell

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides an overview of how weather stations work and the steps to set up your own weather station. To help monitor the water conditions, wind speeds, and temperatures that can impact your plants, we suggest adding a weather station to your garden area or greenhouse.

Ovarian Cancer Metastasis: Looking Beyond The Surface, Emine Bayraktar, Sisy Chen, Sara Corvigno, Jinsong Liu, Anil K Sood

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Historically, ovarian cancer (OC) was thought to metastasize by surface-to-surface spread, but recent developments have yielded a new understanding of the paths of metastatic spread. Given the histologic and molecular heterogeneity of OC, we will focus on high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Here, we provide a critical and more holistic view of the evidence supporting various routes of metastasis, including peritoneal, hematogenous, lymphatic, and nerve-related. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is necessary to improve treatment strategies for this challenging disease.

Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction With Elevated Filling Pressures Is Associated With Embolic Stroke Of Undetermined Source And Atrial Fibrillation, Zubair Bashir, Liqi Shu, Yuqian Guo, Edward W Chen, Shuyuan Wang, Maheen Rana, Xing Dai, Daniel Mandel, Shadi Yaghi, Phinnara Has, Mingxing Xie, Tao Wang, James Simmons, Christopher Song, Philip Haines

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/Objectives: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and elevated left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) are strong predictors of clinical outcomes across various populations. However, their diagnostic utility in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains unclear. We hypothesized that LVDD with elevated LVFP (based on echocardiography) was more likely to be prevalent in ESUS compared to non-cardioembolic stroke (NCE) and to be associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) on follow-up monitoring.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study that included adult patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke between January 2016 and June 2017. LV function was assessed by …

Optimization Of Reversible Solid Oxide Cell System Capacity Combined With An Offshore Wind Farm For Hydrogen Production And Energy Storage Using The Pypsa Power System Modelling Tool, Jessica Guichard, Deborah Greaves, Robert Rawlinson-Smith

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Eight scenarios where high efficiency reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC) are combined with an offshore wind farm are identified. Thanks to the PyPSA power system modelling tool combined with a sensitivity study, optimized rSOC system capacities, hydrogen storage capacities, and subsea cable connection capacities are investigated under various combinations of rSOC system capital cost, prices paid for hydrogen, and electricity prices, which give indications on the most profitable scenario for offshore hydrogen production from a 600 MW wind farm situated 60 km from shore. Low electricity prices (yearly average 45 £/MWh) combined with mild fluctuations (standard deviation 6 or 13 …

Cyber-Securing Medical Devices Using Machine Learning: A Case Study Of Pacemaker, Shaymaa Al-Juboori, Suliat Jimoh

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This study aims to enhance the cybersecurity framework of pacemaker devices by identifying vulnerabilities and recommending effective strategies. The objectives are to pinpoint cybersecurity weaknesses, utilize machine learning to predict security breaches, and propose countermeasures based on analytical trends. The literature review highlights the transformation of pacemaker technology from basic, fixed-rate devices to sophisticated systems with wireless capabilities, which, while improving patient care, also introduce significant cybersecurity risks. These risks include unauthorized entry, data breaches, and life-threatening device malfunctions. The methodology in this study utilizes a quantitative research approach using the WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset, which includes network traffic features, patients' biometric …