Digital Commons Network^™

Synthesis, Characterization, Industrial And Biological Studies Of Azo Dye Ligand And Their Some Metallic Ions, Abaas Obaid Hussein, Rana Abdulilah Abbas, Jinan M. M. Al-Zinkee, Amerj. Jarad

Baghdad Science Journal

4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one was produced through the reaction of diazonium salt from 4-amino antipyrine with 2,4-dinitrophenol. This ligand is examined by (UV-Vis, FTIR,1H,13CNMR, and LC-Mass) spectral techniques and micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.O). Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) complexes were also performed and depicted. Metal chelates were distinguished by utilizing flame atomic absorption, infrared analysis, and elemental, visible, as well as ultraviolet spectroscopy, in addition to conductivity and magnetic quantification. Methods of mole ratio and continuous contrast have been studied to determine the nature of the compounds. Beer's law was followed throughout a condensation reach of about 1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M/L. A higher …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Some New Pyrazole, Triazole, Oxadiazole, Thiazole, Thiadiazole Derivatives Bearing P-Toluenesulfonamide, Maha A. Al-Hamad, Ammar H. Al-Sabawi

Baghdad Science Journal

A series of new heterocyclic derivatives A5-A15 have been synthesized using 4-(toluene-4-sulfinylamino)-benzoic acid ethyl ester A2 as a predecessor. This compound A2 was successfully used in synthesis of some new derivatives of oxadiazole, pyrazole, triazole, thiadiazole, thiazole and fused heterocyclic containing p-toluene sulfonamide moiety that supposed to have important biological activities. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to confirm the prepared compounds.

Radioactive Source-Detector System: Design And Monte Carlo Opinion, Zainab Kareem Ali, Ali N. Mohammed

Baghdad Science Journal

In the current research, a computer simulation program was designed and written according to the Monte Carlo method to serve as a virtual practical system instead of a real one. The program has been statistically, geometrically and numerically tested for virtual radioactive source-detector setup. The simulation program is carried out for NaI(Tl) detector, and once for Gieger-Muller counter, for a range of energy up to 10 MeV. The Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem were used to test the accuracy and precision of the program’s workflow and an indication of how the results are close to their …

Amoxicillin And Favipiravir Bio-Degradation By Aspergillus Flavus Fungus, Rana Hadi Hameed Al-Shammari, Shaimaa Satae M. Ali, Ayad M.J. Al-Mamoori

Baghdad Science Journal

The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize Amoxicillin and Favipiravir biodegrading fungi as well as determine their characteristics and degradation pathways. The antibiotic-degrading fungus A. flavus was isolated from polluted wastewater samples using standard Potato Dextrose agar and Czapek–Dox medium. The biodegradation method was investigated in previous mediums with (Amoxicillin and Favipiravir), as the sole carbon sources. Main degradation intermediates were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used to deduce the antibiotic degradation pathway of strain A. flavus fungal hyphae by Scanning Electron Microscopy before and after 7 days of treatment to find out the accumulation …

Antioxidant Activity, Mineral Absorptivity And Chemical Analysis Of P. Graveolens, Kazheen H. Jawzal, Lina Y. Mohammed, Shinwar A. Idrees

Baghdad Science Journal

This article focuses on Pelargonium graveolens, a fragrant medicinal plant from the Geraniaceae family. The study examines the plant's phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and mineral absorptivity, with the plant being grown indoors. The study also examined the plant's ash content and antioxidant activity using a variety of techniques, and the results demonstrated that P. graveolens is effective at absorbing lead. The plant contains eight different minerals, including Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Mg, Fe, and Ca. Statistical analysis was used to determine the level of antioxidants present, using DPPH, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity methods. The extraction process used …

Synergistic Influence Of Non-Thermal Plasma And Hydrogen Peroxide On Oxidative Desulfurization (Ods) Of Model Fuel, Noor M. Abdullah, Hussien Q. Hussien, Rana R. Jalil

Baghdad Science Journal

Desulfurization is the process of removing the organic sulfur component from fuel oils. In this work, model fuel containing the sulfur compounds benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene was oxidized using plasma technique and plasma technique assisted by 30% hydrogen peroxide. Acetonitrile was used as a polar solvent in a liquid-liquid extraction stage that followed the oxidation reaction to remove the produced sulfones from the model fuel. The oxidation process was performed at operating conditions including the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to sulfur (5:1), temperature 50 ºC, air flow rate 75 ml/min, and voltage 11000 volts. The oxidation reaction was done using …

The Effectiveness Of Calcium Supplement As Orally Contrast Media For Gastric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zainab Abdulla Mankhi, Khalid Ibrahim Riah, Ahmed Mehmood Abdul-Lettif

Baghdad Science Journal

The objective of the present work aims to find an alternative oral contrast agent that could be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the gastrointestinal system and satisfy the following criteria: it should be safe, it has no or few side effects, it is inexpensive, and it produces the highest imaging quality. The method: We prepared samples (solutions) as oral contrast agents by separately dissolving calcium and magnesium supplements (taken daily dose) in varied quantities of distilled water. In order to identify the sample with the lowest concentration and best quantitative image, the samples were examined in MRI by …

Digits Recognition For Arabic Handwritten Through Convolutional Neural Networks, Local Binary Patterns, And Histogram Of Oriented Gradients, Bushra Mahdi Hasan, Zahraa Jasim Jaber, Ahmad Adel Habeeb

Baghdad Science Journal

The recognition of handwritten text is a topic of study that has several applications. One of these applications is the recognition of handwriting in official documents, historical scripts, bank checks, etc., which is a problem that might be considered relatively a security issue. The topic of handwriting recognition has been the subject of a significant amount of study and analysis in recent years. People from a variety of countries, including all of the countries that use Arabic as their primary language, as well as Persian, Urdu, and Pashto languages, also use Arabic characters in their scripts. As people's handwriting is …

Jasbo: Jaya Average Subtraction Based Optimization With Deep Learning Model For Multi-Classification Of Infectious Disease From Unstructured Data, Vian Sabeeh, Ahmed Bahaaulddin A. Alwahhab, Ali Abdulmunim Ibrahim Al-Kharaz

Baghdad Science Journal

Infectious diseases have become an unavoidable big trouble in today's environment with a similar symptomatology that makes difficult of early detection and clear separation of infection. Hence, it is required to generate a new technique that best utilizes the various symptomatologies present in the illnesses for its multi-classification. Medical documents are considered an essential source for modern, invented, and robust analysis methods for accurate infection diagnoses. Accordingly, enriching medical text processing is beneficial in health informatics. In this research, proposed Jaya Average Subtraction Based Optimization (JASBO), which is enabled by Deep Learning (DL) is used to classify infectious diseases into …

A New Invariant Regarding Irreversible K-Threshold Conversion Processes On Some Graphs, Ramy Shaheen, Suhail Mahfud, Ali Kassem

Baghdad Science Journal

An irreversible k-threshold conversion (k-conversion in short) process on a graph ��=(��,��)is a specific type of graph diffusion problems which particularly studies the spread of a change of state of the vertices of the graph starting with an initial chosen set while the conversion spread occurs according to a pre -determined conversion rule. Irreversible k-conversion study the diffusion of a conversion of state (from 0 to 1) on the vertex set of a graph ��=(��,��). At the first step ��=0,a set ��0⊆��.is selected and for ��∈{1,2,...,};����is obtained by adding all vertices that have k or more neighbors in ����−1to ����−1. …

Fixed Point Results For Almost Contraction Mappings In Fuzzy Metric Space, Raghad I. Sabri, Buthainah A. A. Ahmed

Baghdad Science Journal

In certain mathematical, computing, economic, and modeling issues, the presence of a solution to a theoretical or real-world problem is synonymous with the presence of a fixed point (Fp) for an appropriate mapping. Consequently, Fp plays an essential role in a wide variety of mathematical and scientific contexts. In its own right, the theory is a stunning amalgamation of analysis (both pure and applied), geometry, and topology. Recent years have shown the theory of Fps is a highly strong and useful tool in the study of nonlinear events. Fp theorems are concerned with mappings f of a set X into …

Biogenic Functionalized Zno/Cuo Nanocomposite Sensor For Potentiometric Determination Of Pseudoephedrine-Hcl In Pure And Commercial Products, Fadam M. Abdoon, Sarhan A. Salman, Hasan M. Hasan, Suham T. Ameen, Maha F. El-Tohamy

Baghdad Science Journal

The ultrafunctional potential of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) has generated a great interest in using such metal oxides as remarkable and electroactive nanocomposites in the studies on potentiometry and sensors. These nano-oxides were prepared from the extract of Leucaena leucocephala seeds as an environmentally friendly process. The development of a ZnO/CuO “core-shell nanocomposite-modified” coated copper wire film sensor was proposed as a new method for potentiometric determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSD) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. With the existence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a polymer with high molecular weight and “o-nitrophenyl octyl ether …

Third-Order Differential Subordination For Generalized Struve Function Associated With Meromorphic Functions, Suha J. Hammad, Abdul Rahman S. Juma, Hassan H. Ebrahim

Baghdad Science Journal

Previously, many works dealt with the study of the order differential subordination and shortly after that other studies dealt with the order differential subordination in the unit disc. Recently the order differential subordination was presented by Antonino and Miller (2011). This paper looks at a considerably broader class of order differential inequalities and subordination. The authors define the criteria on an admissible class of operators, implying that order differentiale subordination exists. Meromorphic in is a function that is holomorphic in domain except for poles. If it simply states the function is meromorphic. Meromorphic functions in are those that may be …

Context-Aware Location Privacy Protection Method, Haohua Qing, Roliana Ibrahim, Hui Wen Nies

Baghdad Science Journal

Location privacy protection has drawn increasing attention with the popularity of location-based services. This study proposes a context-aware location privacy protection method (CA-LP). CA-LP evaluates users' location privacy needs by mining their historical trajectories and estimating the privacy leakage degree of locations. Experiments compare CA-LP with other methods on metrics like privacy protection level, quality of service, privacy leakage risk, information loss, and average anonymous time. Results demonstrate CA-LP provides better privacy protection and service quality when considering all factors. CA-LP shows extensive practical value in location sharing applications.

A Stage Structure Prey Predator Model Using Pentagonal Fuzzy Numbers And Functional Response, Vinothini P., Kavitha K.

Baghdad Science Journal

In the present study, our work is focused on a prey predator model with a stage structure for the prey. The objective of the study is to find the behavior of the model using parameter values in the presence of Pentagonal fuzzy numbers. The interaction between the species is done by using functional responses, such as the Holling type I reaction for immature prey and the Crowley Martin functional response for mature prey. Prey population categorized as immature and mature prey. The idea of the problem is to construct a fuzzy theoretical method which helps us to create a model …

Sexual Dimorphism And Reproductive Biology Of Bronze Featherback (Notopterus Notopterus, Pallas 1769) From Kelekar River, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra, Indonesia, Muslim Muslim, Mochamad Syaifudin, Ferdinand Hukama Taqwa, Muhammad Iqbal Saputra

Baghdad Science Journal

Sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology are fundamental aspects of fish breeding studies. The aim of this research was to analyze the sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of Notopterus notopterus. A total of 74 N. notopterus were collected from the Kelekar River in Ogan Ilir Regency, Indonesia, consisting of 38 males (TL: 18–23.6 cm; BW: 35.1–92.1 g) and 36 females (TL: 19.6-26.3 cm; BW: 49.4–133.8 g). Seventeen morphometric characters, three meristic characters, and five reproductive biological parameters were analyzed. The results showed the differences in the morphometric characteristics of male and female N. notopterus. However, there was no difference in the …

Comparison Of Physical Characteristics Of Mass And Luminosity Function Of Disk Systems In Barred And Unbarred Spiral Galaxies, Al Najm M.N., Y. E. Rashed, H. H. Al-Dahlaki

Baghdad Science Journal

Among the most important ways to investigate galaxies' distribution over cosmic time is the luminosity function LF in terms of baryonic disc mass ψ^S(Ms), magnitude Ø^B(MB). We have studied an estimate of the baryon mass density in the sample of barred and unbarred spiral-type galaxies from previous literature, which virtually involves, for each class of objects with visible baryon content, an integral over the luminosity of the product of the luminosity function (LF) and the mass-to-light ratio. The multiple regression technique used the statistical software package in our study and results, such as database analysis and graphing software (Statistics Win …

A Fresh Look At Judicial Remedies In Eu Equality Law And Beyond: The Untapped Possibility Of Structural Injunctions., Daniel H. Halberstam, Sina Van Den Bogaert

Articles

This article proposes a shift in thinking about judicial remedies (or “sanctions”), from anti-discrimination law to equal pay and beyond.We suggest the currently preferred remedies – one-off declarations, compensation, fines, and simple orders to obey the law – may be insufficient when confronting a recalcitrant institution, complex violations, and broad, ongoing harm. In such cases, we suggest considering a remedy long overlooked in Europe: a “structural injunction”, i.e. ordering changes to an offending organization’s structure, processes, or rules. We argue that under certain circumstances, an injunction, including a structural injunction, may be appropriate or required under EU law to remedy …

The Origins Of The Major Questions Doctrine, Rachel Rothschild

Articles

In a series of recent cases, the Supreme Court has invoked the newly named “major questions doctrine” to strike down agency regulations that protect public health and the environment. Several Justices have argued that while the name “major questions” may be new, these decisions are simply the latest iteration in a longstanding effort of the courts to curtail the explosive growth of the administrative state since 1970. The first paradigmatic example of this line of cases is the 1980 “Benzene” case, in which the Supreme Court set aside the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)’s new workplace standards for the …

Cal Poly Humboldt Library Digest, October 2024, Cal Poly Humboldt Library

Library Publications

No abstract provided.

Check Out The Library, 2024 Fall Issue, Cal Poly Humboldt Library

Library Publications

No abstract provided.

New Ways Of Teaching Adat (Customary) Law At Indonesian Law Schools, Tody S.J. Utama, Rikardo Simarmata, Jacqueline A.C. Vel, Adriaan W. Bedner

The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies

While customary law typically is not the sole legal system regulating people's daily lives, it still plays a big role in shaping the behavior of countless individuals worldwide. For this reason, law schools in many countries teach customary law courses, but these courses often present customary law as a sterile set of principles and norms detached from studying social reality. This approach associates customary law with traditional communities whose members live in relative isolation from the world, ignoring the fact that customary law operates in a legally pluralistic universe, interacting with religious and state law systems, and that it adapts …

The 2023 Merger Guidelines: An Assessment, Herbert Hovenkamp, Tim Wu, James Keyte

Faculty Scholarship

The 2023 Merger Guidelines1 are ten months old, but they still need some unpacking. To help our readers think through the issues that the Guidelines raise, Antitrust magazine asked two experienced legal scholars — Professors Tim Wu and Herbert Hovenkamp — to discuss the Guidelines with Antitrust editorial board member James Keyte. This discussion took place on May 28, 2024. The transcript has been edited for length and readability.

Performance Determinants And Evidence-Based Practice In Track Cycling: A Survey Of Coaches, Practitioners, And Athletes, Antony M.J. Stadnyk, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Jamie Stanley, Paolo Menaspà, Katie M. Slattery

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: This study examined how track cycling coaches, practitioners, and athletes: develop knowledge and practices; value performance areas; and, implement research into practice. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: An online REDCap survey of track cycling coaches, practitioners, and athletes was conducted involving questions related to demographics, performance area importance, knowledge acquisition and application, research relevance, and research direction. Results: A total of 159 responses were received from coaches (n = 55), practitioners (n = 29), and athletes (n = 75). Participants' highest track cycling competition level involvement ranged from local/regional (12.7%) to Olympic/Paralympic (39.9%). Respondents primarily develop practices by observing ‘the …

Towards Understanding The Relationship Between Hearing Loss And Cognition In Healthy Aging, Samaneh Nemati

Theses and Dissertations

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) has been increasingly linked to cognitive decline, both directly and through structural brain changes. This study utilized data from the Aging Brain Cohort project at the University of South Carolina (ABC@UofSC) to investigate the relationships between hearing impairments, cognitive performance, and gray matter volume across key brain regions. Specifically, the study aimed to: (i) examine the mediating role of gray matter volume in the relationship between ARHL and cognitive impairments; (ii) investigate the role of regional brain age gap in mediating the relationship between ARHL and cognitive decline; and (iii) delineate the distinctive impact of ARHL …

Augmented Reality Based Maintenance Operations And Training, Victor Scott Gadow

Theses and Dissertations

Augmented Reality (AR) is the process of superimposing virtual information on top of objects or other structures in the real-world environment. It is considered one of many paradigms included in the idea of smart manufacturing and can enable a mixture of the other technologies involved. A large increase in research on AR has been seen in the past decade as technologies have begun to evolve to become more robust and reliable. It has been implemented into several key areas of manufacturing such as maintenance, assembly, training, and quality control. The rise of industry 4.0 is changing how data is used …

A Process Planning Software For Modeling Parameter Behavior In Automated Fiber Placement, Benjamin Jeffrey Francis

Theses and Dissertations

The manufacturing of large-scale, geometrically complex composite structures is often accomplished today using the Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process. AFP utilizes a fiber placement end effector and a gantry or robotic kinematic system to lay up groups of composite tows, iteratively building the complete structure. The reduced width of each tow allows the deployment of AFP for builds with significant curvature, unlike other automated methods such as automated tape laying. Despite its proven track record and widespread use, the current AFP process contains inefficiencies and suffers from workflow bottlenecks that significantly increase cycle time, material wastage, and overall cost. A …

Characterizing Mechanical Behaviors Of Railroad Ballast Based On Large-Scale Triaxial Tests, Shihao Huang

Theses and Dissertations

Ballast, typically composed of large unbound aggregates with uniform gradation, is essential for the structural integrity of railroad tracks, facilitating load transfer, drainage, and ensuring stability and resilience. The mechanical behaviors of ballast, including shear resistance, resilient modulus, and permanent deformation, are critical for effective railroad design and maintenance, directly impacting track geometry. Degradation of these mechanical properties can lead to significant track-related issues, such as excessive settlement and train derailments, resulting in substantial property damage, injuries, and fatalities. This dissertation aims to characterize mechanical behaviors of railroad ballast from perspectives of aggregate interaction, cyclic loading pulses and climatic conditions, …

Data-Driven Discovery Of Extreme Thermal Materials By High-Throughput Computation And Machine Learning, Joshua Ojih

Theses and Dissertations

The quest for materials with extraordinary properties has been a longstanding endeavor in material science and engineering, driving future technological advancement. However, the discovery of such materials is non-trivial. Recent advancements in computational methods, particularly the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with density functional theory (DFT), have opened new avenues for accelerating the discovery of materials with exceptional and extreme properties. This dissertation focuses on developing a synergistic approach and workflow combining ML and DFT to identify materials with properties that are pushed beyond current limits, using lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) as a case study of the workflow.

We …

Evaluation Of Settlement In Poorly Graded Sand With Gravel Under Strain-Controlled Cyclic Triaxial And Dynamic Centrifuge Model Testing Conditions, Elise Jones

Theses and Dissertations

This research evaluates the dynamic behavior and volume change of sand with gravel subjected to cyclic loading. Historically, research on the dynamic behavior of cohesionless soils has primarily focused on the study of liquefaction due to its known implications on soil shear strength loss. Gravelly soil is generally assumed to be less susceptible to liquefaction since its large particle size facilitates drainage during cyclic loading. Gravel’s particle size also makes it difficult to test using standard cyclic shearing laboratory equipment. Thus, there is a lack of widespread research and predictive methods for the dynamic behavior of gravelly soil. Determining the …