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The Cypher: Freedom Dreaming And Black Sustainability Beyond The Ruins, Tiffani Marie, Kenjus Watson, David Stovall, Dre Carter, Simple Ant, Eghosa Obaizamomwan-Hamilton

Black Educology Mixtape "Journal"

In confronting the structural collapse of modernity and the dehumanization inherent in public institutions, this cypher serves as a site of radical imagination and sonic medicine. By centering freedom dreaming and Black sustainability, we argue for the necessary pedagogical movements of Black Educology. Ultimately, we invite a collective reimagining of death, not as an end but as a communal transition toward life beyond the trap of modernity.

Remote Hr-Guided High-Intensity Interval Training With Weekly Health Monitoring In Breast Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy: A Moderation Analysis Of Physiological Predictors, Madara Ketlīna Štarka-Rantiņa, Rudolfs Ceseiko, Martins Campa, Maksims Zolovs, Greta Franceska Jermolenko, Kristaps Eglitis, Alicia Llorente, Aija Linē, Aija Klavina

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-month remotely monitored heart rate – guided high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on aerobic capacity, functional performance, and weekly self-reported health outcomes in women with stage II–III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and methods: Fifty-six women (mean age 47 ± 8 years) were randomly assigned (1:1) to a HIIT group or a control group (CG). Thirty-five participants were included in analyses (HIIT group = 17; CG = 18). HIIT group performed 4 × 4-minute HIIT sessions at the intensity of 85–95% of the peak heart rate, two to three …

Abdeslem El Idrissi And Abdelkader Jamoussi, Estevanico: Tracing The Footsteps Of A Remarkable African Explorer, Mourad El Khatibi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This book review discusses Estevanico: Tracing the Footsteps of a Remarkable African Explorer, edited by Abdeslem El Idrissi and Abdelkader Jamoussi and published in 2024 by Premium Book Publishers. The volume brings together conference proceedings devoted to Mustafa Zemmouri, also known as Estevanico, and revisits his role as an exceptional Moroccan and African explorer. The review summarizes the contributions that approach Estevanico from historical, literary, cultural, and geopolitical perspectives, including his place in the Narvaez expedition, his representation in Cabeza de Vaca's account, and his symbolic importance for Black history and Moroccan cultural memory. It presents the book as a …

Ross Edmond Dunn, The Adventures Of Ibn Battuta: The 14th-Century Muslim Traveler, Nacer Liadim

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This book review examines Ross Edmond Dunn's The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: The 14th-Century Muslim Traveler, a major work devoted to the life, travels, and historical world of Ibn Battuta. The review presents the structure of the book, its historical scope, and its attempt to correct Western misunderstandings of Islamic history by emphasizing the breadth and diversity of the Muslim world in the fourteenth century. It also highlights the author's effort to reconstruct Ibn Battuta's itinerary, social encounters, and cultural environment through historical analysis, maps, and field knowledge. The book is presented as an important contribution to the understanding of …

Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca, The Cow's Head Report: On The Discovery Of America With Mustafa Estebanico (1527-1536), Mohammed Abdessamad El Idrissi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This book review presents the Arabic translation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's report on the Narvaez expedition and the discovery of America with Mustafa Estebanico. It highlights the historical, literary, and ethnographic value of the text, which documents encounters with Indigenous peoples of North America during early Spanish explorations. The review situates the work in its colonial context, discusses the history of its translations, and emphasizes the importance of the recent Arabic edition translated and introduced by Abd al-Qadir Jamoussi. It also underlines how the narrative sheds light on survival, cultural mediation, and the role of Estebanico in early …

The Mechanisms Of Narrative Meaning Construction In The Adventures Of Ibn Battuta By Ross Edmond Dunn: A Cognitive Approach, Mohammed El Idrissi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article explores the construction of narrative meaning through the cognitive systems involved in its production and interpretation. It examines the nature of these systems and their role in shaping meaning as innate mental capacities that structure human conceptualization. The study focuses on Ross Edmond Dunn's The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, a modern narrative reconstruction based on the travel accounts of the famous Moroccan traveler. Using a framework inspired by cognitive linguistics, it analyzes how cognitive systems become linguistic supports in the production of narrative meaning. The article seeks to explain travel narrative by linking it to the human mind-brain …

Ibn Battuta's New Journey And Crossing The Boundaries Of The Semiosphere, Abdelhafid Mechkouri

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article addresses the symbolic semiotic representations expressed in Ibn Battuta's New Journey, focusing on cultural space in relation to the self, the traveler, and the other. Drawing on Yuri Lotman's theory of the semiosphere, the study examines how the traveler-narrator moves within the Islamic semiosphere and across neighboring cultural spaces. It shows that cultural representations are organized around three major oppositions: similarity and difference, us and them, and the sacred and the profane. The article argues that the journey divides the other into internal and external figures and organizes space into familiar, safe, and sacred zones on the one …

The Marvelous East In The Marvels Of The Observer In The Strange Lands And Wonders Of Travel By Ibn Battuta, Assil Chebbi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article studies the presence of the marvelous in Ibn Battuta's The Marvels of the Observer in the Strange Lands and Wonders of Travel. It analyzes the forms, meanings, and narrative functions of the marvelous, and examines how they affect the interpretation of the journey in both past and present readings. The study first traces the concept of the marvelous in classical Arab culture and its relationship with the strange. It then distinguishes between realistic marvels and supernatural marvels, including miracles, magic, and sorcery. The article concludes that Ibn Battuta's travel account is shaped by two influential and sometimes conflicting …

Structures Of Imagination In Diplomatic Travel Writing: Idris Al-Amraoui's Journey As A Model, Larbi Qandil

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article examines the structures of imagination in diplomatic travel writing through the example of Idris al-Amraoui's journey to France, The Masterpiece of the Dear King to the Kingdom of Paris. It argues that, although diplomatic travel accounts have often been viewed as factual reports rather than literary texts, they also contain significant cultural and imaginative dimensions. Using cultural criticism, the study analyzes mechanisms such as comparative description, cultural memory, historical narrativization, and cultural analogy. It shows how the Arab-Islamic cultural frame, the authority of memory, and the conditions of writing transform travel testimony into a narrative form shaped by …

Mostafa Al-Azemmouri (Estebanico): Reclaiming Identity And The Construction Of Collective Memory, Younes El Idrissi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article offers an analytical study of Said Alloush’s novel Tasano, Son of the Sun, Damned of the Continents, a work that reimagines the experience of Mostafa Al-Azemmouri, also known as Estebanico, the first Moroccan to reach the Americas as a member of Pánfilo de Narváez’s expedition to Florida in 1527. The article examines how Alloush moves beyond linear documentary writing and uses fiction to create a space of interaction between fiction and history, identity and memory, resistance to slavery and the reclamation of identity. It focuses on Al-Azemmouri’s individual experience, his resistance to slavery, the reconstruction of his Moroccan, …

The Anthropological Journey, Jamil Hamdaoui

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article defines the anthropological journey as a journey undertaken by a traveler to another place, away from his home country, for scientific, religious, touristic, commercial, exploratory, or pilgrimage purposes. Through contact with the host country, the traveler observes different societies, peoples, and political systems, collects information, and records it in the form of a travel text or descriptive literary, scientific, or historical reports. The study explains that this type of journey focuses on social, political, economic, cultural, scientific, literary, and civilizational dimensions, with particular attention to customs, traditions, norms, laws, rituals, language, architecture, clothing, folklore, literature, arts, values, and …

The Slavery Narrative And The Real And Fictional Representations In The Character Of Estevanico: A Case Study Of Abderrahim Al-Khassar’S Novel Jaziratu Al-Buka’I Al-Tawil (Weeping Island), Said Elaimari

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article studies Abderrahim Al-Khassar’s novel Jaziratu al-Buka’i al-Tawil (Weeping Island) by tracing Estevanico as a central character throughout the narrative. It highlights the functional role of the slavery narrative in structuring the novel and connects it to the identity lost through Estevanico’s social labeling as a slave. The study shows how the novel draws on both real and fictional representations: on the one hand, it revisits Cabeza de Vaca’s historical account and its inferior portrayal of Estevanico as a black slave; on the other, it reconstructs Estevanico’s life before enslavement and reshapes his image in Amerindian lands in a …

The Afro-American Undermines The Narrative Of Cabeza De Vaca, Ahmed Bellati

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article examines how Cabeza de Vaca’s report shaped a colonial narrative that minimized Estevanico’s role in his own survival and that of the three other survivors of the Narváez expedition. Although Estevanico was long marginalized in colonial accounts, later scholarship and literary works have restored attention to his distinctive role as an explorer. The article analyzes Abdelaziz Ait Saleh’s novel The Afro-American as a work that refutes colonial narratives, focusing especially on Cabeza de Vaca’s account and later reports by Marcos de Niza and Coronado. It shows how the novel exposes bias, falsehoods, and prejudice against Estevanico, also known …

Estevanico Or The Myth Of Recognition, Said Benmbarek

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article asks whether narrating the story of Estevanico of Azemmour is a way of reconnecting with a lost time in which the Moroccan explorer was buried in oblivion and ignorance. Hamza Bendriss Ottmani’s The Son of the Sun is presented as a travel narrative about a figure who marked the age of the Great Discoveries but did not receive the recognition granted to explorers such as Christopher Columbus or Marco Polo. By placing Estevanico alongside mythical heroes such as Ulysses and Hercules, the narrative transforms his unusual destiny into a shared legend, giving the story an epic dimension in …

The Subaltern And The Decolonisation Of Colonial Discourse: A Study Of Laila Lalami's The Moor's Account, Driss El Housayny

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article examines how Laila Lalami's The Moor's Account revisits the story of Moroccan traveler Mustafa Al-Azmouri by following the development of his character and his interaction with the events of the novel. It highlights the novel's attempt to reveal the contradictions of Western colonial discourse by positioning Al-Azmouri as a recorder of Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition, free from the political and social constraints that shaped the official account. The article also studies individual and collective memory and the struggle over narrative authority between the margins and the center.

Freedom And The Conflict Of Values In Estebanico: A Black Man In The Conquest Of Florida By José Eusebio Chirino Camacho, Abdelfatah Benzaroil Ajrad

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This study analyzes freedom as a central theme in José Eusebio Chirino Camacho's novel Estebanico: A Black Man in the Conquest of Florida. It focuses on the protagonist Estebanico, or Mustafa Azemmouri, and his struggle with values such as freedom, friendship, and integration. Organized around the historical context, the main events, freedom as a central theme, and the hero's moral dilemmas, the article shows how the novel represents the contradictions of survival and the pursuit of liberty.

Claiming Estevanico De Azamor In The Labyrinth Of Oriental/Western Identities, Khalid Chaouch

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article discusses the multilayered identity of Estevanico, a sixteenth-century Moroccan enslaved from Morocco and one of four survivors of a Spanish expedition to America. His biography disrupts fixed ideas about culture and race, showing how he crossed linguistic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. The paper critiques the multiple claims made over his identity and argues that placing him within Orientalist or Occidentalist frameworks is futile. Estevanico’s life demonstrates the value of intercultural understanding, adaptability, dialogue, and acceptance beyond racial or identity claims.

Narrative Of A 16th-Century Conquest Of Elsewhere: Memory And Representations Of The Historical Character Mostafa Al-Azemmouri Or Estevanico, Hasnaa Mabrouk

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article explores a memory inscribed in the history of conquest and the great discoveries led by Spain in the sixteenth century. Long presented mainly through Cabeza de Vaca’s travel account, the memory of the Moroccan explorer Mostafa Al-Azemmouri, also known as Estevanico, reflects a Eurocentric vision that obscured his contribution to the historic encounter between cultures. Drawing on subaltern studies, postcolonial studies, and connected history, the article examines the recovery of denied and concealed identities and analyzes literary and artistic productions that reconfigure memories of the past, particularly through Kébir Ammi’s novel Les Vertus immorales and representations connected to …

(De)Slaving History And The Narratives Of Conquest, Lhoussain Simour

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This study explores an important chapter in Moroccan-American history centered on Mostafa Al-Azemmouri, a Moroccan captive and adventurer whose journey began on the shores of sixteenth-century Morocco. Captured by the Portuguese, sold in Spain, and transported to the New World around 1527, Al-Azemmouri was marginalized and misrepresented in historical accounts. The article reframes his voyage by examining Morocco's interactions with the Atlantic world, the Spanish perspective on overseas expansion after the Reconquista, and the Portuguese-Azemmour relationship, while critiquing Spanish sources that relegated him to obscurity.

Postcolonial Studies And The Deconstruction Of Exploratory Narratives, Ahmed El Jorti

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article examines research efforts aimed at analyzing and dismantling colonial narratives that reinforced Western dominance through cultural representation. It presents postcolonial studies as a set of analytical tools for uncovering cultural and identity biases embedded in literary texts and historical narratives. The study focuses on the need to restore recognition to narratives marginalized by Western centrism, especially the case of Mustafa Al-Azmouri, known as Estevanico, whose exploratory role was reduced to a secondary position in Western narratives despite his contribution to the exploration of regions in the southern United States.

Estebanico Or Mustafa Azemmouri: Towards A Liberatory Exploration/Conquest, Halima Aaddi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article revisits the unusual story of Estebanico, or Mustafa Azemmouri, a young Moroccan fisherman from Azemmour who was enslaved by the Portuguese and sold to a Spanish nobleman. It follows his transformation from Mustafa to Estebanico and his participation in the exploration of the New World. The study emphasizes the skills that allowed him to take a leading role during the expedition and frames his journey through the themes of exploration, conquest, slavery, and freedom.

Mustafa Al-Azemmouri: The Journey, The Text, And The Character, Abdelkader El Jamoussi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article discusses three key elements for understanding the exploration and the figure of Mustafa Al-Azemmouri, also known as Estebanico. First, it examines the importance of the Narváez expedition as one of the earliest missions to the New World to conquer Florida. Second, it analyzes the ethnographic and literary value of Cabeza de Vaca's report and the way it constructs a dominant narrative voice. Third, it highlights Estebanico's role in exploring regions and peoples of North America, a role that enabled him to enter American cartography and to be recognized by scholars as a unique explorer.

Estevan, Aka Estev(B)Anico Or Esteban: The First Moroccan And African Explorer Of The American Southwest, Hsain Ilahiane

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article examines the status and place of Estevan de Dorantes in sixteenth-century Spanish accounts of New Spain. It revisits Spanish narratives and medieval Moroccan historical documents in order to understand Estevan's position, the circumstances that led him to join the Spaniards' expedition to the Americas, and the reasons for his marginalization in historiography. The study highlights his role as one of the four survivors of the Narváez expedition and as the first Moroccan and African to enter the American Southwest.

Editorial (English)Exploring The World: Knowledge And Imagination (English), Chouaib Halifi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

No abstract provided.

Editorial (Arabic)Exploring The World: Knowledge And Imagination (Arabic), Chouaib Halifi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

No abstract provided.

Shrinking Sovereignty: By Land, Sea, And…Air?, Cynthia R. Harris

Pace Environmental Law Review

Atlantis was a mythical State destroyed by the gods as an object lesson to humanity. The complete destruction of a State, as a political entity, does have precedent in historical reality. The complete and permanent loss of a State’s physical territory, however, is a problem humanity has never faced—until now. Today, climate change-driven sea level rise is bringing the future sovereign status of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in question. A growing body of legal scholarship argues for maintaining these States’ maritime jurisdictions but has not yet extended the question skyward to SIDS’ jurisdiction over airspace.

This Article addresses that …

Municipality Of Bayamón V. Exxon Mobil Corp. (2025): Bringing Racketeering Charges For Climate Justice, Ilinca C. Johnson

Pace Environmental Law Review

Environmental justice communities should have their climate change damages heard in the courtroom. One means to increase environmental justice claims is through claims under the federal Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. Using Municipality of Bayamón v. Exxon Mobil Corp. (2025) as a model, this Article suggests a novel RICO case strategy to pursue climate damages for marginalized communities. Fundamentally, environmental justice RICO claims involve careful case design based on the climate-related damages a marginalized community has faced because of the long-term deception by fossil fuel actors upon those communities. Pursuing such claims forwards the intersectional issues faced by …

Non-Reformist Reforms In Environmentalism: Legal Theory And Praxis, Nicholas F. Stump

Pace Environmental Law Review

This Article explores how non-reformist reforms—as opposed to traditional environmental law—are required for ecologically transformative futures. Traditional environmental law is a critically flawed regime due to its embeddedness in our current ecological political economy, which functionally requires perpetual accumulation and growth. However, this accumulation- and growth-based paradigm is incompatible with the material realities of our planetary boundaries. This paradigm has thus engendered our current era of profound ecological crisis (i.e., as associated with notions of the Anthropocene).

Non-reformist reforms are an alternative framework that can help drive transformations of our ecological political economy vis-à-vis building and operationalizing people power from …

A Review On Credit Card Electronic Fraud Detection Methodologies, Titilayo Mary Sayikanmi, Ibrahim Adepoju Adeyanju, Bolaji Abigail Omodunbi

Mansoura Engineering Journal

Credit card fraud remains a critical and escalating challenge within the global financial ecosystem, driving substantial annual losses and necessitating the continuous evolution of detection methodologies. This paper presents a systematic literature review, conducted via the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, which comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art in electronic credit card fraud detection. Through a rigorous examination of 49 high-quality studies, this review maps the methodological evolution from traditional rulebased systems and statistical models to advanced artificial intelligence techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, and graph-based approaches. The analysis reveals that while individual methods possess distinct advantages …

Effects Of Garden Exposure On Physician Assistant Students, Richard Gilbert Jr., Anne Schempp, Daniel Martin

Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges

Introduction: Stress and burnout within the physician assistant student population has been an evolving topic in physician assistant education. Greenspaces have been utilized for the reduction of stress and improvement of overall well-being.

Methods: Using a mixed methods survey methodology, participating physician assistant students were evaluated on their perceived stress levels both pre and post-exposure to a garden area. Both quantitative and thematic qualitative data was synthesized to evaluate the garden’s effect on the physician assistant student stress levels.

Results: A linear mixed effects model revealed that participants significantly improved stress outcomes from pre-test to post-test (ꞵ = 3.83, CI95% …