Digital Commons Network^™

The Grey Market’S Ability To Be Black And White: Regulating For Fraud In Online Marketplaces Beyond The Inform Consumers Act, Jack A. Cofer

Georgia Law Review

The rapid expansion of e-commerce and the rise of secondary online marketplaces, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, have fundamentally altered consumer shopping behaviors. These marketplaces entice online shoppers with appealing benefits, such as sustainability, wallet-friendly pre-owned selections, or by simply offering what no one else can—accessibility. However, as demand for coveted goods outpaces supply, grey-market transactions flourish, exposing consumers to a risk of counterfeit and illicit products.

This Note examines the INFORM Consumers Act, a regulatory framework aimed at enhancing transparency within secondary online marketplaces by imposing disclosure requirements on certain third-party sellers. While the Act represents a significant step …

On Parentage, Genetics, And Surrogacy, Jessica Tueller

Georgia Law Review

Bans in some jurisdictions, combined with relative affordability in others, have turned surrogacy into an increasingly cross-border phenomenon. Meanwhile, the complex and varied approaches to legal parentage and surrogacy that exist in domestic jurisdictions, along with a lack of international oversight, have at times left children of surrogacy parentless or stateless. The decision of the Hague Conference on Private International Law to begin regulating legal parentage in international surrogacy arrangements is thus an important and welcome development. However, the Hague Conference is considering imposing new genetic requirements that could result in violations of the rights to equality and non-discrimination of …

The New Game Theory, Cortelyou C. Kenney

Georgia Law Review

Game theory and the legal system it models are deeply indebted to the idea of efficiency and efficient outcomes. A great many scholars use game theory to rationalize approaches based on efficiency not only to commercial transactions but also to the legal system writ large, including the tort law system and the criminal justice system.

Efficiency and efficient outcomes have a storied history dating back to Vilfredo Pareto, Ronald Coase, and even before that to Adam Smith. But the person who truly popularized the idea of efficiency was John Nash, who won the Nobel Prize for his work on noncooperative …

Balancing Comity And Sovereignty: The Diplomatic Dance Of Antisuit Injunctions Against Foreign Sovereigns, Sean W. O'Halloran

Georgia Law Review

With the advent of globalization, sovereign nations both facilitate and participate in international transactions with public and private entities. As disputes inevitably arise, foreign sovereigns have increasingly found themselves as parties in U.S. courts, and in so doing, have raised fundamental questions as to the extent of a U.S. court’s power over a foreign sovereign.

For almost as long as the United States has been in existence, the doctrines of international comity and foreign sovereign immunity have served as guiding principles for U.S. foreign policy. Additionally, U.S. courts have long exercised their power to issue foreign antisuit injunctions—a vital tool …

Federalizing Ncii Regulation: The Take It Down Act’S Approach To Criminalization, Platform Liability, And Threats To Disseminate, Trudi K. Sundberg

Georgia Law Review

For years, legal scholars, advocates, and victims have pushed for the federal criminalization of the nonconsensual publication of intimate imagery. Until now, regulation has been inconsistent across jurisdictions, often leaving victims without meaningful remedies or mechanisms for image removal.

The recent passage of the Take It Down Act has finally realized the goal of federal criminalization of nonconsensual intimate image distribution, including that of artificially generated images. The Act further initiates a framework for victim-led takedown procedures and engages with § 230 liability. Additionally, the Act addresses threats to disseminate such content, which is crucial to curb the spread of …

State Constitutional Rights To Privacy, Tiffany C. Li

Georgia Law Review

This article examines state constitutional rights to privacy, presenting a comprehensive survey of all states that have explicit rights to privacy enumerated in their constitutions. Understanding state constitutional rights to privacy is particularly critical now in the wake of the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which significantly restricted the scope of federal constitutional privacy rights. As states have the authority to independently interpret their constitutions, state constitutional law may provide a path forward for privacy.

In lieu of relying on federal rights protection, individuals may now need to turn to state constitutional rights …

State Constitutional Duty And Public Employee Speech, Scott R. Bauries

Georgia Law Review

Public employees do not sacrifice their constitutional rights by accepting public employment, but the doctrines surrounding public employee constitutional rights present a unique amalgam of rights and duties. Nowhere is this amalgam clearer than in the doctrine of public employee free speech. Under the federal Constitution’s First Amendment, public employees, notwithstanding their government roles, may speak out as citizens on matters of public concern, and any restrictions a government employer places on that speech must be justified by compelling workplace concerns that outweigh the speech interests of the employee and the interests of the public in access to relevant information. …

A Governor's Duty To Ask, Jake Mazeitis

Georgia Law Review

As some federal constitutional protections contract, state constitutions are becoming an increasingly important source of individual rights. But state constitutional development involves either amendment or litigation, processes both slow and costly. Ten states offer a third path: They empower governors to request advisory opinions from their supreme courts. These governors, however, have rarely exercised this power.

This article argues that a governor’s refusal to seek such advice violates the constitutional duty to faithfully execute the law; specifically, the law respecting the separation of powers. Drawing on an empirical analysis, I first show that governors are generally shy to ask for …

Influence Of Subduction Interface Geometry On Surface Displacements And Slip Processes In Cascadia, H. M. Elston, John Loveless, J.R. Delph

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

The subduction interface geometry is particularly important for estimating interplate coupling and surface geodetic motion, which has significant implications for seismic hazard mapping.Several published Cascadia subduction interface geometries derived from different seismic data sets vary significantly from one another. However, results from deformation models that use the different interface geometries are rarely systematically compared. Here, we assess the impact of subduction interface geometry on surface motion predictions, slip inversion results, and interface coupling estimates from four published Cascadia subduction interface geometries. We isolate the effect of the interface geometry on the predicted surface motion by applying uniform unit slip or …

Integrative Genomic And Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Targetable Vulnerabilities In Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma, Alyssa Bouska, Weiwei Zhang, Sunandini Sharma, Harald Holte, Rauf Shah, Waseem G. Lone, Mahfuza Afroz Soma, Ruimeng Yang, Xuxiang Liu, Syed Mehmood, Ravneet Singh Chawla, Luca Vincenzo Cappelli, Danilo Fiore, Qiang Gong, Tayla B. Heavican-Foral, Jeffrey J. Cannatella, Catalina Amador, Aiza Arif, Lynette M. Smith, Soon Thye Lim, Choon Kiat Ong, Andrew L. Feldman, Ming-Qing Du, Anamarija M. Perry, Laurence De Leval, Timothy C. Greiner, Kai Fu, Gunhild Trøen, Daniel Vodák, Sigve Nakken, Jan Delabie, David Weinstock, Stefano Pileri, Antonella Laginestra, Kyeongjin Kim, Utpal Pajvani, Julie M. Vose, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Steven M. Horwitz, Sandeep Dave, Joseph Khoury, Giorgio Inghirami, Wing C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

Nodal follicular helper T-cell (T_FH) lymphoma of the angioimmunoblastic (AITL) subtype has a dismal prognosis. Using whole-exome sequencing (n = 124), transcriptomic (n = 78), and methylation (n = 40) analysis, we identified recurrent mutations in known epigenetic drivers (TET2, DNMT3A, IDH2^R172) and novel ones (TET3, KMT2D). TET2, IDH2^R172, DNMT3A co-mutated AITLs had poor prognosis (p < 0.0001). Genes regulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling (CD28, PLCG1, VAV1, FYN) or activation (RHOA^G17V) or regulators of the PI3K-pathway (PIK(3)C members, PTEN, PHLPP1, PHLPP2) were mutated. CD28 mutation/fusion was associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.02). WES of purified, neoplastic T-cell (CD3⁺PD1⁺) demonstrated high concordance with …

Cooperative Role Of Distinctive Tp53 And Pten Combined Loss In The Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma-Gata3 Molecular Subgroup, Waseem G. Lone, Jiayu Yu, Xuxiang Liu, Dylan T. Jochum, Alyssa Bouska, Kunal Shetty, Tyler Herek, Sunandini Sharma, Chengfeng Bi, Rauf Shah, Zaina W. Nasser, Catalina Amador, Aiza Arif, Abdul Rouf Mir, Yuping Li, Tayla B. Heavican-Foral, Jacob Robinson, R. Katherine Hyde, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Timothy W. Mckeithan, David W. Scott, Louis M. Staudt, Giorgio Inghirami, Andrew Feldman, Timothy Greiner, Julie M. Vose, Lisa Rimsza, Joseph Khoury, Wing C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal, Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project (Llmpp)

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of postthymic T cell neoplasms, with ~40% classified as PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). PTCL-GATA3, a molecularly defined subtype, associated with T helper 2 (T_H2)-like differentiation and poor prognosis, has frequent co-occurrence of TP53 loss/mutation and heterozygous PTEN loss. CD4+ T cell conditional mouse models with Trp53 mutation/deletion and Pten loss demonstrated mature T cell lymphomas (mTCLs) with T_H2-like transcriptomic and immunophenotypic profiles. Molecular studies revealed that codeletion of Trp53/Pten induced T cell receptor and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, promoting T_H2 differentiation …

Impact Of Tranexamic Acid On Patient Outcomes In Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Review, William G. Johnson

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhage is a medical emergency that remains a significant source of death and disability for patients globally. Tranexamic acid has shown promise in treating trauma related bleeding loss in various settings. This study aims to evaluate its role in the management of intracranial hemorrhages.

Methods: A review of data in the PubMed National Library of Medicine was conducted to find relevant and reputable studies related to this topic. Using the search “tranexamic acid AND intracranial hemorrhage*” and the following filters: last 5 years, free full text, English language, including RCTs, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, 13 results …

Efficacy Of Ultrasound To Detect Rotator Cuff Tears, Hunter Morrison

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Rotator cuff injury is the most common cause of shoulder pain in the world, and there are a few different imaging techniques that can be used to help with their diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to determine the efficacy of ultrasound, an available and cost-effective option, to detect rotator cuff tears.

Methods: PubMed was searched for studies and meta-analyses that compared ultrasound to other imaging modalities and their ability to detect rotator cuff tears.

Results: One meta-analysis and 4 clinical research studies revealed that ultrasound has variable diagnostic accuracy compared to MRI depending on the RCT tendon, …

In Patients With Submassive Pulmonary Embolism, Does Catheter Direct Thrombolysis Reduce Mortality Compared To Anticoagulation, Melky Perez

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: PE is a life-threatening condition leading to obstructed blood flow and compromised gas exchange. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to improving outcomes and reducing mortality, particularly in patients with submassive PE. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in enhancing treatment protocols for PE compared to standard anticoagulation.

Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, focusing on articles related to pulmonary embolism, anticoagulation, and catheter thrombolysis from 2019 to 2024. The search, refined by MeSH terms and Boolean operators, yielded 192 results, narrowed down to 16 relevant randomized control trials, meta-analyses, and systematic …

Reduced Risk Of Necrotizing Enterocolitis With Breastfeeding, Jadyn Tavekelian

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease in infants that causes direct damage to the intestines and requires emergent treatment. The purpose of this clinical review is to analyze the prevention of NEC in preterm neonates with breastfeeding.

Methods: PubMed was searched using a specific search strategy using the key terms “breast,” “feed,” “formula,” “necrotizing,” and “enterocolitis.” Operators and filters applied narrowed the results to 4 quality articles for review.

Results: One RCT, and two meta-analyses, reviewed had a reduction in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis among breastfed neonates. One randomized noninferiority trial totaling 123 neonates did not …

Efficacy Of Second Generation Antipsychotics As An Adjunct Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder, Gina Russo

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder is a debilitating mental health condition for many US adults. Traditional therapies may not be effective for many patients. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of brexpiprazole, a second generation antipsychotic medication, as an adjunctive treatment for resistant MDD.

METHODS: PubMed was searched with a specific search strategy using key terms “brexpiprazole” and “major depressive disorder.” This search resulted in 21 results in which four articles were chosen based on the availability of free full text and the included content. Of the articles selected, three were a systemic review and meta-analyses, …

Efficacy Of Low-Level Laser Therapy For Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Emily Drummond

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease associated with numerous effects on quality of life (QoL) and activities of daily living (ADLs). In recent years, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been evaluated as a symptom management option for KOA due to its non-invasive mechanistic properties. The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficacy of LLLT as a modality of treatment to help reduce mild to moderate symptoms associated with KOA.

Methods: A search via PubMed database was made using the keywords “LLLT” AND “osteoarthritis” AND “knee” with additional specifiers resulting in 10 articles for review. Four articles were chosen …

Buprenorphine As An Adjunctive Therapy For Pain Management In Opiate Use Disorder, Zane Hogston

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, has gained significant attention for its potential to address both opioid use disorder (OUD) and pain management. Offering an alternative to traditional opioids, buprenorphine is seen as a promising option, particularly for patients with a history of opioid misuse. Despite its increasing use in treating OUD, the evidence supporting its effectiveness in pain management remains limited, especially among broader patient populations. This review aims to explore current research findings and highlight buprenorphine’s role in managing pain among individuals with OUD.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed was conducted using keywords such as “pain,” “buprenorphine,” …

The Impact Of Proton Pump Inhibitors On Cardiovascular And Bleeding Outcomes In Coronary Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Melanie R. Stelling

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the primary therapeutic approach. This review evaluates the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risks and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CHD who are undergoing PCI.

Methods: A systematic search using the PubMed database was conducted. Included in the search terms were: “dual antiplatelet therapy,” “proton pump inhibitors,” “percutaneous coronary intervention,” and “clopidogrel.” The search was narrowed down to include only systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized control trials (RCTs) that were published in English within the last 10 …

Efficacy Of Collagenase Injection In Dupuytren’S Contracture, Janson Witcher

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Dupuytren's contracture is a debilitating hand condition characterized by progressive contracture of the palmar fascia. The use of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injections has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical interventions, with varying degrees of efficacy and safety compared to traditional methods like limited fasciectomy and percutaneous needle fasciotomy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed to assess the efficacy and safety of collagenase injections for treating Dupuytren's contracture. The search focused on peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in the last five years. Five relevant studies were selected based on the robustness …

Cardiovascular Event Reduction In Adults With Hypertension: Comparing Arbs And Other Antihypertensive Medications, Anna Macaluso

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke worldwide. There are various medications available for effective management of hypertension. This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of antihypertensive medications on cardiovascular events in adults with hypertension, explicitly investigating angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).

Methods: PubMed was searched with filters using key terms “angiot*” AND “hypertens*” AND “antihyp*” and key terms "arb" AND "hyper*" AND "cardiovasc*" to identify articles underlining the efficacy of ARBs and other antihypertensives in the reduction of cardiovascular events in adults with hypertension. Four articles, chosen by their direct comparison of antihypertensive medications and …

Alteplase Vs. Tenecteplase: Comparing Health Outcomes Following Thrombolytic Administration In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Brittany Taubman

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) results in death of brain tissue necessitating prompt intervention to restore blood flow and minimize neurological damage. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), specifically alteplase, has long been the standard treatment for AIS. However, recent research explores the potential advantages of tenecteplase, an alternative thrombolytic agent.

Methods: PubMed was searched, utilizing free text, randomized control trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses from 2019-2024. The literature search yielded four relevant results to include in this review comparing tenecteplase and alteplase, focusing on efficacy, safety, and overall clinical outcomes.

Results: All four articles reviewed were systematic reviews and meta-analyses focusing …

Apixaban Vs. Warfarin For Stroke Prevention In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Quinn Payne

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is a cardiac arrythmia that increases risk of stroke. The prevention strategy for this is anticoagulation, historically with the medication warfarin, but more recently with the factor Xa inhibitor apixaban. The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of apixaban and warfarin for stroke prevention.

Methods: PubMed was searched using the key terms “atrial fibrillation,” “stroke prevention,” “warfarin,” and “apixaban.” Only relevant articles comparing apixaban to warfarin were included among RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses from the last 5 years. Four were chosen for review based on content and data quality.

Results: Three articles were …

Lateral Vs. Medial Parapatellar Approach Efficacy In Total Knee Arthroplasty, Savannah Howard

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Total knee arthroplasties are the mainstay of treatment in patients with osteoarthritis and can be completed in a lateral parapatellar surgical approach or a medial parapatellar surgical approach. The purpose of this review is to compare if the lateral parapatellar approach has superior clinical outcomes to the medial parapatellar approach.

Methods: PubMed was searched using MeSH terms and Boolean operators “lateral” AND “medial” AND “knee replacement” AND “outcomes”. Filters were applied to narrow the results to four articles directly related to the comparison of clinical outcomes. Four articles were selected for clinical review.

Results: In all articles reviewed it …

Efficacy Of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy On Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing, Steven Dang

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes, associated with high morbidity, recurrence, and amputation, driving up healthcare costs. While standard care includes topical treatments and debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising adjunct. This study evaluates HBOT’s efficacy in enhancing DFU healing based on current clinical evidence.

Methods: A PubMed search using the terms ((Hyperbaric oxygenation*) AND (Diabetic foot*)) AND ("Wound Healing") returned 226 results. After filtering for recent articles (2019-2024), nine were reviewed, with five selected for analysis.

Results: The studies reviewed demonstrated significant improvements in wound healing outcomes with the use …

The Role Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Quality Of Life And Glycemic Control In Type 1 Diabetes, Brooke Strickland

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin, leading to the need for exogenous insulin to maintain glycemic control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become a pivotal piece of technology in treating T1D. The purpose of this clinical review is to analyze the role of CGM in improving glycemic control and quality of life in T1D patients.

Methods: PubMed was searched with a specific search strategy using key terms “continuous glucose monitoring,” “type 1 diabetes,” “quality of life,” “glycemic control,” and “hbA1c.” Operators and filters narrowed results to 4 …

Steroid Injections Versus Hyaluronic Acid In Knee Osteoarthritis, Jessica Dawn Alley

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder that affects more than 300 million individuals. Individuals with osteoarthritis have limitations in function and quality of life due to knee pain, swelling, difficulty walking, tightness, and neurologic symptoms. There have been increasing efforts to treat the condition, including corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, PRP, and other injectables. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Methods: A search via PubMed database was completed using the keywords “knee osteoarthritis” AND “hyaluronic acid” AND “intra-articular” with an additional search completed using “knee osteoarthritis” AND …

Antibiotics Vs Appendectomy In Acute Uncomplicated Appendicitis, Elizabeth Wilson

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of the acute abdomen, and the current standard of care is surgical removal of the appendix. The purpose of this review is to compare the long-term efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods: PubMed was searched using the key terms “anti-bacterial agents” AND “appendicitis” AND “appendectomy”. Operators and filters narrowed results to four relevant articles for review.

Results: Of the four articles, 3 were meta-analyses of the same RCTs comparing the efficacy of antibiotic therapy to appendectomies. The fourth reviewed 12 RCTs comparing antibiotic therapy to appendectomies.

Discussion: …

Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Versus Ventilation-Perfusion Scanning For Pe During Pregnancy, Grace Perkins

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Pregnant women who are diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) face a high rate of mortality due to its significant compilations. Timely and accurate diagnosis of PE is essential for appropriate management. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, are required to confirm the PE. This study aims to determine the most optimal early diagnostic imaging for PE in pregnancy.

Methods: This study searched the PubMed database for research comparing diagnostic imaging modalities used in PE for pregnant women from 2018 to 2024. Keywords searched included “pulmonary embolism,” “pregnancy,” “computed tomography pulmonary …

Efficacy Of Pharmacotherapy Vs Psychotherapy For Insomnia: A Clinical Review, Logan Lovell

The PA Department Journal of Medical Science

Introduction: Insomnia is a widespread sleep disorder with significant impacts on public health, economics, and vulnerable populations including the elderly and those with chronic health conditions. This review examines current literature comparing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for insomnia.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed using the keywords “insomnia,” “cognitive behavioral therapy,” and “pharmacotherapeutics” which was refined using MeSH terms, Boolean operators, and specific parameters (English, free full-text, published between 2019 and 2024). Six articles were selected for an in-depth review of pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic treatments for insomnia.

Results: The selected articles from the PubMed search were …