Digital Commons Network^™

Assessment Of Bifidobacterium Longum Itt 13 As A Probiotic Candidate, Eleana Keatley

Masters

Probiotics are live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Beneficial microbes are found in several sites throughout the body such as the oral cavity, skin, respiratory tract, vagina, urinary tract, breast tissue and the gut. In this research, the culture Bifidobacterium longum ITT 13, which was previously isolated from a neonatal faecal sample, was examined for its potential as a probiotic candidate. Probiotics can have numerous desirable characteristics. The pertinent ones to this research are being of human or animal origin, not prone to antibiotic resistance, demonstration of antagonistic activity towards pathogens, …

Antennas For Emerging Satellite Services, Jakub Przepiorowski

Doctoral

The NewSpace era has revolutionized access to space, driving advancements in satellite communication (SATCOM) systems and creating demand for low-cost, compact, and high-performance user terminals. This thesis addresses these needs by developing innovative antenna solutions tailored for user terminals designed for emerging satellite constellations and satellite Internet-of-Things (S-IoT) applications.

Power Utilization In Open Ran: Key Findings From A Usa Testbed, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Seshu Tirupathi, Sachin Sharma

Articles

Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) provide flexible, scalable, and interoperable solutions to address the growing demands of mobile traffic while also aiming to reduce energy consumption. Most prior research on energy-efficient Open RAN has focused on switching techniques such as dynamic cell on/off strategies and adaptive resource allocation, primarily through simulations. This letter investigates Central Processing Unit (CPU) power utilization at the NodeB (base station) level, focusing on User Equipment (UE) connection states by making use of a USA testbed (i.e., POWDER testbed). Two scenarios are considered for the experimental setup: (1) a simulated virtual environment with a single …

College Of Education Annual Report, 2024, College Of Education, Illinois State University

Annual Report and Findings

2024 Annual Report of the College of Education, Illinois State University

The Utmost Rights And Interests Of The Indians: Tribal Law Interpretations Of The Indian Civil Rights Act, Kekek Jason Stark

Faculty Law Review Articles

It has been more than fifty years since Congress enacted the Indian Civil Right Act (hereinafter “ICRA”) and more than forty years since the United States Supreme Court in Martinez articulated that the tribal courts are the proper forum for the adjudication of ICRA claims. In the decades since, tribal courts have developed a rich body of intertribal common law pertaining to the implementation of the ICRA. This comes after over a century of assimilative policies in which the federal government attempted to eradicate native culture and traditions and subjected Indians to the deprivation of individual rights by federal and …

Understanding The Duty Of Competence For Attorneys Using Generative Ai, Anna C. Conley

Faculty Law Review Articles

Ethical duties appear poised to be the primary regulatory tool for responsible use of generative AI (“GAI”) by attorneys. This reality necessitates a clear understanding of what the duty of competence requires for attorneys using GAI. Recent state bar and American Bar Association (“ABA”) guidance have coalesced around a foundational concept of informed decision-making, which requires that attorneys have sufficient knowledge about the GAI tool they are using and the specific task at hand to make an informed decision that employing the tool for that task is in the client’s best interests. Competence also requires attorneys avoid automation bias and …

The Inevitability Of Adaptability - Comparative Contributions To Understanding Originalism, Anna C. Conley

Faculty Law Review Articles

What can comparative law teach us about originalism as a constitutional interpretation method? After synthesizing existing comparative analyses, this article seeks to redefine comparative law’s role in understanding originalism. When defining originalism strictly to require adherence to fixed original meaning, originalism is not used by courts anywhere in the world. Instead, courts use history purposively to understand the intent behind constitutional text as one of many methods of interpretation. Comparative works suggest historical constitutional interpretation has a complex relationship with rights, politics and culture.

Comparative law can provide not only descriptive understandings of originalism but also interrogate its mandate that …

On Modeling Agent Behavior Change Through Multi-Typed Information Diffusion In Online Social Networks, Masaaki Miyashita, Norihiko Shinomiya, Daisuke Kasamatsu, Genya Ishigaki

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The rapid spread of information on online social networks (OSNs) has had both beneficial and detrimental societal impacts. Notably, the propagation of misinformation during events such as the COVID-19 pandemic has driven collective behavioral responses, sometimes exacerbating crises such as panic buying and bank runs. The toilet paper shortage in Japan in 2020 caused by people's selfish behavior owing to the diffusion of information to correct misinformation, which is considered a general phenomenon based on three sociological characteristics: a collective action problem, a self-fulfilling prophecy, and pluralistic ignorance. Understanding what kind and how information can inhibit selfish behavior to mitigate …

Physiological Effects Of Research Handling On The Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga Angustirostris), Lauren A. Cooley, Allyson G. Hindle, Cassondra L. Williams, Paul J. Ponganis, Shawn M. Hannah, Holger Klinck, Markus Horning, Daniel P. Costa, Rachel R. Holser, Daniel E. Crocker, Birgitte I. Mcdonald

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Wildlife researchers must balance the need to safely capture and handle their study animals to sample tissues, collect morphological measurements, and attach dataloggers while ensuring their results are not confounded by stress artifacts caused by handling. To determine the physiological effects of research activities including chemical immobilization, transport, instrumentation with biologgers, and overnight holding on a model marine mammal species, we collected hormone, blood chemistry, hematology, and heart rate data from 19 juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) throughout a translocation experiment. Across our six sampling timepoints, cortisol and aldosterone data revealed a moderate hormonal stress response to handling accompanied …

Wglt Annual Report, 2025, Wglt, Illinois State University

WGLT Annual Reports

Annual report for WGLT, an NPR Network radio station licensed to and operating from Illinois State University.

Embodied, Intentional, Relationship‑Based: Utilizing The Delphi Method To Define Dance/Movement Therapy Supervision, Mariah M. Lefeber

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

In this study, clinical supervision within dance/movement therapy is considered in depth. The lack of and need for a consistent theory of supervision in dance/movement therapy is highlighted, including both supervision outcomes and common techniques and approaches used within the discipline. A Delphi method study is used to determine the consensus on the topic of dance/movement therapy supervision from a panel of experts. As a result of the study, the expert panel comes to a consensus of 71 statements regarding dance/movement therapy supervision. These statements are interpreted, dance/movement therapy supervision is defined, and connections are drawn to the value of …

The Perceptions Of Australian Identity By Year 5 And Year 6 Students In An Australian Independent School, Renae Nahajski, Dianne Chambers, Shane Lavery

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The study described here explored the perceptions of eight Year 5 and Year 6 students of their Australian identity in an independent Western Australian metropolitan school. The epistemological approach for this research was constructivism with an interpretivist theoretical perspective. We aimed to understand the perspectives of the eight student participants by use of a phenomenological methodology. Semi-structured interviews and student drawn pictures provided the data. Results revealed common values, citizenship, and a strong sense of belonging as important attributes of the participants’ perceptions of their own Australian national identity. The results provide insights into how students perceive their sense of …

The Teacher Wellbeing Turn: Neuropolitics, Education And The Psy-Complex, Andrew W. Wilkins, Antonio Olmedo, Brad Gobby, Saul Karnovsky

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Across the globe, governments are responding to a ‘teaching crisis’ marked by high attrition rates and labour shortages. This crisis can be attributed to macro changes in the economy (intensified by the shift towards high inflation, low growth economies post-COVID) and micro changes to the organisation and funding of schools with teachers experiencing stagnating wages and unmanageable workloads in punishing accountability environments. In this paper we examine how government and other authorities in England seek to manage the teaching crisis through diagnostic tools and skills training designed to measure and improving teacher wellbeing. This includes inciting new teacher subjectivities, namely …

Towards Equitable Cancer Outcomes For Rural And Remote Communities: Reflections, Lessons And Recommendations, Anna Ugalde, Hannah Jongebloed, Charlene Wright, Helena Rodi, Anna Chapman, Skye Marshall, Drew Aras, Rebecca J. Bergin, Sophie Boffa, Anna Boltong, Michele Conlin, Fiona Crawford–Williams, Carl De Wet, Wasek Faisal, Lan Gao, Harry Gasper, Kate Gunn, Nicolas H. Hart, Theresa Hayes, Florian Honeyball, Elizabeth A. Johnston, Deme Karikios, Nicole Kiss, Lucy Leigh, Patricia M. Livingston, Carmel O'Kane

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

People living in rural and remote areas continue to face significant inequities in cancer outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts. Despite advances in cancer control, these disparities persist across the cancer trajectory. This personal view consolidates findings from our Equitable Cancer Outcomes for Rural and Remote Communities series, highlighting survival disadvantages, challenges in measuring and reporting rurality, barriers to implementing evidence-based interventions, and shortcomings in historical policy. We argue for place-based, system-level reform that genuinely partners with rural communities, leverages local strengths, and embeds rural voices in research, policy, and service delivery. Key recommendations include adopting a formal partnership position …

Western Australian Graduate Teacher Perceptions Of Teacher Performance Assessments, Janine E. Wyatt, Caroline Mansfield, Paula Mildenhall

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study examined the views of 1593 first-year graduates from five Western Australian universities concerning three nationally endorsed teacher performance assessment (TPA) instruments. Quantitative and qualitative data obtained through the Department of Education Western Australia’s annual first year graduate teacher surveys from 2021-2023 was used. Study findings revealed that overall, most graduates were satisfied that the TPA supported their classroom readiness and understanding of the graduate level of the Australian Professional Standards for Teachers, and that mentors/supervisors played a critical role in these perceptions. We recommend incorporating the first-year graduates’ insights into the refinement of TPAs. Our study advocates for …

Integrated Sensing And Covert Communications With Ris Adaptive And Non-Adaptive Modes, Jia Zhang, Dengfeng Zhang, Ke Liu, Jiande Sun, Min Li, Shihao Yan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

In this work, we consider an integrated sensing and covert communication (ISACC) system with a finite blocklength L aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with N elements. Specifically, with the aid of RIS, a transmitter Alice is to sense the potential existence of a target, and she is also probabilistically trying to send information to a receiver Bob covertly (i.e., trying to hide her transmissions from a warden Willie). Meanwhile, Willie is to detect whether Alice is sensing the target only or conducting ISACC. We consider two RIS operation modes, i.e., a non-adaptive mode, where RIS employs a common …

Professional Experience In Initial Teacher Education: Integrating Standards, Supervisors And Mentor Teachers, Madlen Griffiths, Mandie Shean

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Professional experience is the training ground for preservice teachers, where they apply what they have learned at university, in the reality of the classroom setting. Our article investigates the contribution of university supervisors to preservice teacher learning, from the perspective of both groups. This qualitative study gathered data from interviews with 28 preservice teachers and supervisors. Findings highlighted the complexity of the task assigned to supervisors, and the distinctive role that they play in the preservice teachers’ learning. This study offers a model of supervision drawn from the voices of these two key stakeholders that is underpinned by theory and …

Seagrasses Are Most Vulnerable To Marine Heatwaves In Tropical Zones: Local-Scale And Broad Climatic Zone Variation In Thermal Tolerances, Nicole Said, Chanelle Webster, Simone Strydom, Natasha Dunham, Matthew P. Adams, Kathryn Mcmahon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Under a changing climate, it is imperative that we understand how species may respond to temperature impacts, which can differ among populations of the same species due to local drivers. Thermal tolerance data, which can be used to assess an organism's upper thermal limits, is valuable to identify species and/or populations' susceptibility to thermal stress. This study assessed the variation in thermal tolerance of six seagrass species at both broad latitudinal (c. 500–1000 km) and local scales (c. 25 km). Photosynthesis–temperature curves (15–45°C) were conducted, by measuring oxygen in closed incubation chambers, and thermal optima (Topt) was extracted. We found …

Sustainability Assessment: The State Of The Art In 2026, Alan Bond, Angus Morrison-Saunders, A. John Sinclair

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sustainability assessment (SA) has developed over the past three decades as a decision-support process explicitly directing choices towards sustainability. This paper provides an updated state-of-the-art review of SA in 2025, building on the 2012 assessment by Bond, Morrison-Saunders and Pope. We examine progress in theory, practice and process across selected jurisdictions, considering how SA has evolved conceptually and in application. While the volume of academic research on SA continues to grow, practical uptake remains uneven and context-dependent. Key innovations shaping the field include the embedding of sustainability provisions within Canada’s next-generation impact assessment framework, the incorporation of holistic assessment principles …

No-Hire Rulings Forget Competition, Val Ricks

American University Law Review

Two recent and noted antitrust rulings on the legality of no-hire (or “no-poach”) agreements paid lip service to preserving and promoting competition for employees but in the end failed to apply competition as a standard. Instead—and this is seen only deep in the weeds of the decisions themselves, on careful reading—judges demanded that no-hire agreements be held illegal only when they constitute abuse of market power, more or less. These decisions impliedly distinguish horizontal agreements not to compete for employees from horizontal agreements not to compete for customers, or on price. The opinions tend to “require careful economic analysis” of …

Erie And Enforceability Of Forum Selection Clauses, Patrick Woolley

American University Law Review

Whether and to what extent state law governs the contractual validity of forum selection clauses in federal court remains highly contested. This Article argues for a two-part answer.

State law should govern whenever a party seeks a § 1404(a) transfer of venue within the federal judicial system. The Court has insisted that the choice-of-law rules of the state to which the suit is transferred govern when transfer is required by a contractually valid clause. That insistence accords with the Erie policy of vertical uniformity between state and federal courts only if the law of the state in which the transferring …

Scientific Educations Among U.S. Judges, Christa J. Laser

American University Law Review

Should more judges have technical and scientific educations than are currently prevalent in the federal judiciary? This empirical study of the educational background of federal judges reports the undergraduate and graduate majors of active U.S. federal Article III judges. Information on the subject area of study is largely not publicly available, especially for judges appointed decades ago. This is the first and only publicly available research study of the subject areas of study of U.S. judges, collected via phone and email surveys to U.S. judges. The results of this study show that only 7.35% of federal judges have majors in …

Fixing Double Patenting, Mark A. Lemley, Lisa Ouellette

American University Law Review

The U.S. patent doctrine of "double patenting" allows an inventor to obtain many patents on obvious variants of the same invention as long as they file a "terminal disclaimer" agreeing that all of these patents will expire simultaneously. Two recent limitations on double patenting practice have led

to vigorous protest from the patent bar. First, the Federal Circuit held in In re Cellect that patents tied by double patenting must expire on the same day, even if one of the patents has received a patent term adjustment giving it a more-than-twenty-year term. Second, the USPTO proposed a rule (since withdrawn) …

Letter From The Editor, Peter T. Sabini

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Unconstitutionil: Name, Image, And Likeness State Laws In The Postamateurism World Of College Sports, Bryan Dearinger

American University Law Review

College sports stands at its biggest inflection point in a century. Amateurism is almost dead, and the ability to benefit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL) is here to stay. Scholars, lawyers, and policymakers are quick to congratulate state legislatures, criticize the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and propose blueprints for Congress to fix the NIL regime in college athletics. But the incentives for dismantling the old regime are not shared between schools and the NCAA, so nothing happens. A collective action problem exists in the NIL space. Using a commons dilemma lens, this Article argues why NIL laws …

Best Kept Secret: The Hidden Health Costs Of Corporate Confidentiality, Cynthia M. Ho

American University Law Review

Although patents are well known to negatively impact health when drugs are unaffordable, trade secrets also harm health, and in more ways than patents. Patented drugs harm public health simply by temporarily increasing prices on treatments. Trade secrets, on the other hand, can not only increase treatment costs, but also hide knowledge needed for effective medical treatment. Also, because patents, but not trade secrets, have a limited term, patent health harms clearly terminate while trade secret harms do not. Moreover, the public may not even be fully aware of all trade secret health harms because trade secret information is, by …

Uncorking The Twenty-First Amendment: A Spirited Exception To Distill The Dormant Commerce Clause, Lars Emerson

American University Law Review

Few goods have played as potent a role in shaping constitutional doctrine as alcohol. By repealing national Prohibition and granting states sweeping authority to regulate intoxicating liquors within their borders, the Twenty-first Amendment carved out a singular exception in American constitutional law—one that has long stood in tension with the Dormant Commerce Clause (“DCC”), which prohibits states from discriminating against interstate commerce.

This Note surveys the constitutional landscape created by the Twentyfirst Amendment, beginning with a historical overview of DCC jurisprudence, the Prohibition era, and the legislative history of the Twenty-first Amendment. The analysis then focuses on the uneasy constitutional …

Still Here: Reflections After Fifty Years Of Teaching Law, Ira P. Robbins

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Right To Acquire Property, John G. Sprankling

American University Law Review

Can government prohibit the acquisition of all types of property? The intuitive answer to this question is “no.” But why? Is there a constitutional right to acquire property? And, if so, how does it apply if government merely prohibits acquisition of a certain type of property, such as contraceptives?

The Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments restrict when property may be “taken” or “seized” and when a person may be “deprived” of property. Thousands of law review articles and hundreds of books have analyzed the scope of these provisions. But almost no modern attention has been devoted to their logical counterpart—the …

The Paradox Of Continuing Risk, W. Jonathan Cardi, Ashton Jenne, Chance Villarreal

American University Law Review

The continuing-risk rule is ubiquitously cited by Restatements, casebooks, and treatises as a core duty rule in negligence cases. Indeed, as this Article reveals, the rule has been “adopted”—in the sense that at least one court in a jurisdiction has applied the rule, and no court has rejected it—in thirty-one jurisdictions. In addition to the breadth of its adoption, the continuing-risk rule is also far-reaching: it imposes an affirmative duty to warn, protect, or rescue another from a risk if the defendant’s conduct contributed to the initial creation of that risk. Because most negligence cases involve risk-creating conduct by the …