Digital Commons Network^™

Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights From 2024 [Version 3; Peer Review: 2 Approved, 1 Approved With Reservations], Andreas Hartmann, Per Andrén, Cyril Atkinson-Clement, Virginie Czernecki, Cécile Delorme, Simon Morand-Beaulieu, Nanette Mol Debes, Kirsten Müller-Vahl, Peristera Paschou, Natalia Szejko, Apostolia Topaloudi, Kevin J Black

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We summarize research reports from 2024 relevant to Tourette syndrome, which the authors consider the most important or interesting. This working draft aims to submit this content for publication around the beginning of 2025 in the yearly Tourette Syndrome Research Highlights series on F1000Research. The authors welcome article suggestions and thoughtful feedback from readers, who can add a comment by clicking on the rectangular comment box icon to the left of the LOG IN link at the top of this page. For private comments, you can reach us by email ( [email protected] or [email protected]).

Efficacy And Safety Of Dostarlimab In Combination With Chemotherapy In Patients With Dmmr/Msi-H Primary Advanced Or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer In A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Engot-En6-Nsgo/Gog-3031/Ruby), Matthew A Powell, Carolyn Mccourt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Part 1 of the RUBY trial (NCT03981796) demonstrated improved survival in patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) treated with dostarlimab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel versus placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel. Here, we examine additional efficacy and safety data from patients with mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) EC in the RUBY trial.

METHODS: Patients were randomized 1:1 to dostarlimab 500 mg or placebo plus carboplatin-paclitaxel every 3 weeks for 6 cycles followed by dostarlimab or placebo every 6 weeks for up to 3 years. In the dMMR/MSI-H population of RUBY Part 1, analysis of progression-free survival by investigator assessment compared with …

Early Changes In Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Remapped Circuits And Global Networks Predict Functional Recovery After Stroke In Mice, Ryan M Bowen, Jake Lee, Brendon Wang, Keith R Lohse, Hanyang Miao, Jonah A Padawer-Curry, Asher J Albertson, Eric C Landsness, Adam Q Bauer, Jin-Moo Lee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SIGNIFICANCE: Stroke is the leading cause of chronic disability in the United States. How stroke size affects post-stroke repair and recovery is poorly understood.

AIM: We aim to investigate the effects of stroke size on early repair patterns and determine how early changes in neuronal circuits and networks predict functional outcomes after stroke.

APPROACH: We used wide-field optical imaging, photothrombosis, and the cylinder-rearing assay to examine changes in neuronal circuit and network activity in the context of functional recovery after stroke.

RESULTS: Larger strokes ablating

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diffuse patterns of remapping, and desynchronization and hyperconnectivity of cortical …

De Novo Lipid Synthesis In Cardiovascular Tissue And Disease, Tariq J Khan, Clay F Semenkovich, Mohamed A Zayed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Most tissues have the capacity for endogenous lipid synthesis. A crucial foundational pathway for lipid synthesis is de novo lipid synthesis (DNL), a ubiquitous and complex metabolic process that occurs at high levels in the liver, adipose and brain tissue. Under normal physiological conditions, DNL is vital in converting excess carbohydrates into fatty acids. DNL is linked to other pathways, including the endogenous synthesis of phospholipids and sphingolipids. However, abnormal lipid synthesis can contribute to various pathologies and clinical conditions. Experimental studies involving dietary restriction and in vivo genetic modifications provide compelling evidence demonstrating the significance of lipid synthesis in …

Expert Consensus On The Diagnosis And Management Of Digoxin Toxicity, Jason B Hack, Sue Wingate, Ron Zolty, Michael W Rich, Paul J Hauptman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

While there has been a decline in the use of digoxin in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation, acute and chronic digoxin toxicity remains a significant clinical problem. Digoxin's narrow therapeutic window and nonspecific signs and symptoms of toxicity create clinical challenges and uncertainty around the diagnostic criteria of toxicity and responsive treatment choices for the bedside clinician. A systematic review of published literature on digoxin toxicity (34,587 publications over 6 decades, with 114 meeting inclusion criteria) was performed to develop 33 consensus statements on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches which were then evaluated through a modified Delphi process involving …

Acquired Ductopenia: An Insight Into Imaging Findings, Rachita Khot, Nathan R Shelman, Daniel R Ludwig, Rashmi T Nair, Mark A Anderson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh, Raj Mohan Paspulati, Rex A Parker, Christine O Menias

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hepatic ductopenia is a pathologic diagnosis characterized by a decrease in the number of intrahepatic bile ducts as a consequence of various underlying etiologies. Some etiologies, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and ischemic cholangitis, often have distinctive imaging findings. In contrast, other causes such as chronic rejection following liver transplantation, drug-induced biliary injury, infection, malignancy such as lymphoma, and graft-versus-host disease may only have ancillary or non-specific imaging findings. Thus, diagnosing ductopenia in conditions with nonspecific imaging findings requires a multidimensional approach, including clinical evaluation, serological testing, imaging, and liver histology to identify the underlying cause. These …

Validating A Novel Measure For Assessing Patient Openness And Concerns About Using Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare, Bryan A Sisk, Alison L Antes, Sunny C Lin, Paige Nong, James M Dubois

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Patient engagement is critical for the effective development and use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled tools in learning health systems (LHSs). We adapted a previously validated measure from pediatrics to assess adults' openness and concerns about the use of AI in their healthcare.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.

METHODS: We adapted the 33-item "Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for Parents" measure for administration to adults in the general US population (AAIH-A), recruiting participants through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing platform. AAIH-A assesses openness to AI-driven technologies and includes 7 subscales assessing participants' openness and concerns about these technologies. The openness …

Head-To-Head Preclinical Treatment Design Prioritizes Promising Therapies For Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Optic Glioma Clinical Translation, Talia Eligator, Jit Chatterjee, Shintaro Yamada, Anthony Kirchner, Hareesh B Nair, Jason R Fangusaro, David H Gutmann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Authenticated preclinical brain tumor models provide unprecedented opportunities to evaluate next-generation treatments. However, some therapies with robust anti-tumor activity in mice fail in human trials, highlighting the need to better prioritize candidates for clinical translation. Herein, we implemented a head-to-head preclinical strategy using a well-characterized murine model of NF1-optic pathway glioma (

METHODS:

RESULTS: While all agents restored normal tissue architecture, reduced ON proliferation, and decreased TME soluble mediator and tumor cell marker RNA expression, only lamotrigine and mirdametinib also reduced ON volume. Everolimus, lamotrigine, and HBS-101 restored RNFL thickness to wild-type levels, whereas carboplatin showed a trend towards …

Exploring Factors Contributing To Patient Decision-Making In The Care Journey To Elective Hernia Care In Kenya, Helen W. Li, Jesse Kiprono Too, Sarah Nyanchama Nyariki, Charles Nathan Nessle, Sara Malone, Rachel Matsumoto, Teddy Ashibende Aurah, Jeffrey A. Blatnik, Joanna Hunter-Squires, Ivan Seno Saruni

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Capacity for elective general surgical care is an important reflection of a health system's ability to meet a population's surgical needs and is currently known to be inadequate in many low- and middle-income countries. Patient agency is a key, understudied factor which shapes how and when patients ultimately decide to engage with formal care. Understanding factors which influence patient care seeking activity can have important implications for how current and future health systems may be utilized. This study aims to explore how patients approach the navigation and triage of their elective hernia condition within the Kenyan surgical care system. …

Diagnosis And Management Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Current Insights, Abhinav Vayal-Veettil, C Prakash Gyawali

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results from retrograde movement of gastric content into the esophagus and beyond, resulting in symptoms, mucosal injury and long-term complications. Typical symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation are highly suggestive of GERD, but atypical presentations require careful evaluation to rule out alternative diagnoses. Diagnostic modalities, including endoscopy, ambulatory reflux monitoring, and high-resolution manometry, play a pivotal role in confirming GERD and guiding personalized treatment. Management strategies consist of lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic therapy with anti-secretory agents, and adjunctive treatments such as alginates and baclofen. For refractory cases, surgical and endoscopic interventions offer durable symptom relief. Complications of GERD …

Improving Outcomes Of Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implant Users By Reducing Interaural Frequency And Loudness Mismatches Through Device Programming, Laura K Holden, Rosalie M Uchanski, Noël Y Dwyer, Ruth M Reeder, Timothy A Holden, Jill B Firszt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The study aimed to improve outcomes in Nucleus cochlear implant (CI) recipients with single-sided deafness (SSD) by reducing interaural frequency and loudness mismatches through device programming. In Experiment 1a, a modified frequency allocation table (FAT) was created to better match the tonotopicity of the contralateral ear and reduce interaural frequency mismatch. Twenty experienced SSD-CI users completed localization and speech recognition tests with their everyday FAT. Tests were repeated after 6 weeks' use of the modified FAT. Participants compared both FATs for 2 weeks before being tested again with each. For 10 newly implanted SSD-CI recipients (Experiment 1b), Group A was …

Risk Factors For Development Of Stroke In Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support As Destination Therapy, Ioana B Florea, Nadia H Bakir, Meghan O Kelly, Joel D Schilling, Gregory A Ewald, Akinobu Itoh, Marc R Moon, Spencer J Melby, Ralph J Damiano, Kunal D Kotkar, Muhammad F Masood

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used as destination therapy. Although postimplantation stroke rates have been described in the context of bridge-to-transplant or mixed cohorts, stroke development is not well evaluated in patients who receive continuous-flow LVAD with a destination therapy indication. This report characterizes the stroke profile of a modern institutional cohort of patients undergoing destination therapy and evaluates their risk factors for stroke onset.

METHODS: Patients implanted with continuous-flow LVAD as destination therapy at the reporting institution between January 2010 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Stroke was defined as any neurologic deficit …

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome And Occupational Co-Exposure To Biomechanical Factors And Neurotoxic Chemicals Using Job-Exposure Matrices And Self-Reported Exposure: Findings From The Constances Cohort, Julie Bodin, Clémence Rapicault, Alexis Descatha, Marc Fadel, Fabien Gilbert, Bradley Evanoff, Nathalie Bonvallot, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Yves Roquelaure

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between occupational co-exposure to biomechanical risk factors, potentially neurotoxic chemicals and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a large cohort of French workers, using two methods to estimate chemical exposure: job-exposure matrices (JEM) and self-reported exposure.

METHODS: A randomly selected sample of adults were included between 2012 and 2018 in the French cohort CONSTANCES. Self-reported CTS was assessed using the first self-administered follow-up questionnaire, sent out approximately one year after baseline. Occupational exposure to biomechanical risk factors was assessed using self-administered questionnaire completed at inclusion. Lifetime occupational exposure to chemicals was assessed using two different methods: …

Colorectal Cancer Incidence Trends In Younger Versus Older Adults: An Analysis Of Population-Based Cancer Registry Data, Hyuna Sung, Rebecca L Siegel, Mathieu Laversanne, Chenxi Jiang, Eileen Morgan, Mariam Zahwe, Yin Cao, Freddie Bray, Ahmedin Jemal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer incidence is increasing among younger adults (aged < 50 years) in multiple high-income western countries in contrast with stabilising or decreasing trends in incidence in older adults (aged ≥50 years). This study aimed to investigate contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults.

METHODS: Colorectal cancer incidence data, including year of diagnosis, sex, and 5-year age group for 50 countries and territories, were extracted from the WHO-International Agency for Research on Cancer Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. The Human Development Index 2022 was retrieved from the United Nations Development Programme and grouped into very high (>0·80), high (0·70-0·79), medium (0·55-0·69), and low (< 0·55) categories. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) per 100 000 person-years of early-onset (diagnosed between ages 25 to 49 years) and late-onset (diagnosed between ages 50 to 74 years) colorectal cancer (ICD 10th revision, C18-20), diagnosed between 1943-2003 and 2015-17, were calculated using the direct method and Segi-Doll world standard population). The primary study objective was to examine contemporary colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger adults versus older adults using data until 2017 from 50 countries and territories. Temporal trends were visualised and quantified with joinpoint regression, stratified by age at diagnosis (25-49 years or 50-74 years). Average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were estimated.

FINDINGS: In the most recent 5 years (2013-17 for all countries analysed, except for Japan [2011-15], Spain [2012-16], and Costa Rica [2012-16]), …

Surgeon Interpretation Of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures In Upper Extremity Osteoarthritis, Rick S. Looman, Koen Oude Nijhuis, Sina Ramtin, David Ring, Daniel A. London, Ryan Calfee, Niels Brinkman, Science Of Variation Group

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Measures that quantify levels of pain intensity, incapability, symptoms of distress, and unhelpful thinking were designed as research tools. We studied how surgeons interpret and act on these scores in the care of individual patients.

METHODS: In an online experiment, 67 upper limb specialists from the Science of Variation Group reviewed 10 fictious patient scenarios of trapeziometacarpal, wrist and elbow osteoarthritis (OA) and randomized elements of radiographic severity, levels of discomfort and incapability, deprivation index score (social health), and levels of distress and unhelpful thinking (mental health). Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression identified patient factors associated with surgeon concern, enthusiasm …

Thalamic And Visual Network Dysfunction Relates To Tremor Response In Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation, Aimee E Morris, Babatunde Adeyemo, Meghan C Campbell, Abraham Z Snyder, Joel S Perlmutter, Jonathan W Mink, Scott A Norris

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder in adults, but its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus (VIM DBS) provides effective treatment for medically-refractory cases. We aimed to determine how pre-surgical resting-state functional connectivity (FC) in medically-refractory ET relates to VIM DBS clinical response.

METHODS: We analyzed resting-state FC MRI in 21 participants with medically-refractory ET who subsequently underwent VIM DBS and 34 matched controls. We applied rigorous quality assurance to minimize motion artifact. Whole-brain correlation matrices were computed across 300 cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions and compared across groups …

Pediatric Cervical Spine Clearance: A 10-Year Evaluation Of X-Ray In Evaluable Patients At A Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center, William Starr, Stephanie Iantorno, Jing Wang, Richard Eldredge, Rajiv Iyer, Karch Smith, Natalya Mcnamara, Kezlyn Larsen, Stephen Fenton, Robert Swendiman, Katie Russell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Cervical spine (c-spine) X-ray (XR) remains an important tool for pediatric trauma patients. XR is a low radiation alternative to multidetector CT (MDCT). Our primary aims were to analyze the sensitivity of a negative c-spine XR and to analyze what factors lead to additional imaging after a negative c-spine XR.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a level 1 pediatric trauma center from 2012 to 2021. We compared the group with negative c-spine XR and no additional imaging to the group with negative c-spine XR followed by additional c-spine MDCT and/or MRI.

RESULTS: There were 2,081 negative …

Evidence-Based Best Practices For Diabetes Education And Self-Care In Appalachia: A Literature Review., Angela J Occidental, Inga M Zadvinskis, Jacqueline Hoying

Nursing Articles

INTRODUCTION: The Appalachian Region has a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated adverse health outcomes. Although numerous papers report best practices for diabetes care and education, a clinician-friendly, synthesized summary of best practices tailored to Appalachian cultural preferences is lacking.

PURPOSE: This paper uses the Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt evidence-based framework to identify the best practices for T2DM care and education for Appalachian residents.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search using the databases CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, and PubMed was guided by a PICOT question. Quality appraisals were completed for fifty-two articles; thirty papers were selected to synthesize …

Comparison And Clinical Applicability Analysis Of All-Posterior, Combined Anterior-Posterior, And Combined Lateral-Posterior Approaches In Adult Spinal Deformities: A Narrative Review, Garrison P. Bentz, Christopher Diaz, Nicholas A. Pollatta, Mark J. Lambrechts

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Barriers And Facilitators To Implementing A Single-Visit, Screen-And-Treat Approach With Thermal Ablation For Cervical Cancer Prevention In Kenya, Harriet Fridah Adhiambo, Thomas Odeny, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cervical cancer continues to be a major global threat to women's health, with approximately 660,000 women diagnosed annually, 94% of whom are in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The high disease burden in LMICs is partly due to suboptimal adoption and widespread implementation of effective preventive interventions. This study explored drivers of implementation success and failure for a future single-visit, screen, and treat approach with thermal ablation (SV-SAT + TA), referred to as TIBA in Kenya. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR framework), we conducted in-depth interviews with 34 participants (frontline health workers, health facility managers, and …

Fraud In Genetic Testing: Swindling The System, Rachel Notestine, Claire N Singletary, Meagan Choates, Stephanie Gandomi, Molly Daniels, Rebecca Lunstroth, Quinn Stein

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Health care fraud comprises a sizable portion of United States health care expenditure and inflicts undue burden on payors, patients, and the health care system overall. The genetic testing industry is rapidly growing, which propagates opportunities for health care fraud. Although federal organizations have highlighted it as an issue, there is limited research exploring genetic testing fraud.

Methods: A retrospective review of federal websites, news articles, and a legal database resulted in 42 cases of fraud involving outpatient genetic testing published between February 2019 and December 2023. These cases were analyzed for themes via inductive conventional content analysis.

Results: …

Impact Of Active Surveillance On Nephrometric Scores Of Bosniak Iii And Iv Renal Cysts, Roberto Dias Machado, Leonardo Bernardes De Amaro, Alessandro Prudente, Eliney Ferreira Faria, Antonio Antunes Rodrigues Júnior, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Jose A Karam, Valdair F Muglia, Leonardo O Reis, Rodolfo Borges Dos Reis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Active surveillance (AS) has been widely explored for small renal masses, but its role in complex renal cysts (CRCs) categorized as Bosniak (Bk) III and IV remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate changes in nephrometry scores (s-RENAL and s-PADUA) during AS and their potential impact on surgical complexity.

Methods: A retrospective, multicentric, observational study was conducted, analyzing 101 CRCs from 95 patients across three institutions. Nephrometry scores were evaluated at baseline and after a minimum follow-up of two years using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis included chi-square and marginal homogeneity tests, with data …

The Impossibility Of Religious Equality, Zalman Rothschild

Articles

The Supreme Court has recently adopted a new rule of religious equality: Laws unconstitutionally discriminate against religion when they deny religious exemptions but provide secular exemptions that undermine the law’s interests to the same degree as would a religious exemption. All the Justices and a cadre of scholars have agreed in principle with this approach to religious equality. This Essay argues that this new rule of religious equality is inherently unworkable, in part because it turns on treating that which is religious the same as its secular “comparators.” But religion is not comparable to anything neither in terms of its …

The Violence Of Bright Lines, Terrell Woolfolk, Kathryn E. Miller

Articles

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets the Eighth Amendment to prohibit members of certain groups from serving extreme punishments, such as the death penalty and life without parole. For example, the Court has long banned death sentences for people with intellectual disability and for those who were under eighteen years old at the time of their crime. More recently, in Graham v. Florida and Miller v. Alabama, the Court extended this reasoning to sentences of life without parole for those under eighteen—prohibiting the sentence altogether for nonhomicide crimes and barring its mandatory imposition for homicides.

Many scholars and advocates have applauded …

Micrornas As Key Regulators Of Cancer Drug Resistance: Insights And Future Directions In Chemotherapy, Targeted-Therapy, Radiotherapy, And Immunotherapy, Michael Attathikhun, Ancuta Jurj, George A Calin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer therapy remains an active field of investigation, particularly in understanding and overcoming therapy resistance. Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as key regulators of cancer survival, progression, proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Although many studies have linked miRNAs to cancer therapy outcomes, significant questions remain regarding their precise molecular and cellular roles in therapy resistance. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs influence critical pathways such as apoptosis, immune evasion, and other signaling cascades. However, there have been many setbacks because of the limitations in knowledge of each specific miRNA's function. A deeper understanding of miRNA expression and …

Corrigendum To Exosomal Mirna Confers Chemo Resistance Via Targeting Cav1/P-Gp/M2-Type Macrophage Axis In Ovarian Cancer, Pinar Kanlikilicer, Recep Bayraktar, Merve Denizli, Mohammed H Rashed, Cristina Ivan, Burcu Aslan, Rahul Mitra, Kubra Karagoz, Emine Bayraktar, Xinna Zhang, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Amr Ahmed El-Arabey, Nermin Kahraman, Seyda Baydogan, Ozgur Ozkayar, Michael L Gatza, Bulent Ozpolat, George A Calin, Anil K Sood, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Response: Diagonal Representation, Alma Magaña

Articles

A lot has been written about the crisis of indigent defense and the plethora of factors that have led to the crisis, like the lack of guidance on how indigent defense providers can most efficiently distribute their insufficient resources. This lack of guidance has left jurisdictions across the country to their own devices, resulting in a national landscape of very different models, each with its own variations of the same problems plaguing indigent defense.

Decision-Making Supports And Cognitive Decline, Rebekah Diller

Articles

For persons with a range of cognitive disabilities, supported decision-making, rooted in a human rights approach to disability, has emerged as a tool that permits them to make legally binding decisions and avoid guardianship. As supported decision-making policy has evolved in the United States, state statutes have primarily focused on formal agreements through which individuals can designate trusted supporters to assist in obtaining information, processing that information, and communicating a decision. This Article argues that supported decision-making has promise for preserving the autonomy of persons living with dementia, but that the model of a supported decisionmaking agreement embodied in the …

Developing Porous Hip Implants Implementing Topology Optimization Based On The Bone Remodelling Model And Fatigue Failure., Babak Ziaie, Xavier Velay, Waqas Saleem

Articles

No abstract provided.

Icos And Icos Ligand: Expression Patterns And Outcomes In Oncology Patients, Mina Nikanjam, Shumei Kato, Daisuke Nishizaki, Donald A Barkauskas, Sarabjot Pabla, Mary K Nesline, Jeffrey M Conroy, Aung Naing, Razelle Kurzrock

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL) form a complex, two-faced immune machinery that can lead to both immune stimulation and inhibition.

Objective: We explored ICOS transcriptomic expression patterns and their relationship with other checkpoints and with outcomes in patients with advanced/metastatic cancers.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods: RNA expression for ICOS and other immune checkpoints was quantified by RNA sequencing and stratified by rank values into high (75-100 percentiles) and low (0-24 percentiles). Fischer's exact tests were used for univariate analyses to evaluate independent predictors of ICOS high and logistic regression was used for …