Digital Commons Network^™

Generating Solutions To Generative Ai, Joseph M. Marrero

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Uncertain Future Of Agency Deference In Pennsylvania, Brent J. Finkbeiner

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Student Litigation & The Risk To Higher Education, Kiera R. Flannery

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

Canadian Hockey League Players Score New Opportunities For Nhl Advancement By Breaking Into Ncaa Division I College Hockey: How Major Junior Hockey Players Could Officially End The Ncaa's Amateurism Model, Christian M. Kline

Widener Commonwealth Law Review

No abstract provided.

An Asexual Autist’S Feminist Musings On The Lord Of The Rings, Robin A. Reid

Journal of Tolkien Research

Abstract: This reader response is about how a seventy-year-old asexual autist began to discover her feminist queer politics by reading Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings at the age of ten. Countering the negative stereotype of feminists (and/or women) disliking Tolkien, Reid describes how her autistic obsession with Tolkien’s world and her love for Éowyn led her first into online Tolkien fandom and then into aca-fandom. She chronicles a journey from feeling isolated and weird in her childhood and adolescence (in small-town Idaho during the 1960s) to finding communities in which her weirdnesses (autism, asexuality, and feminism) were not only …

What Is Unwritten May Yet Resonate: In Search Of Female A-Spec Resonances In Tolkien, Jackie Sheppard

Journal of Tolkien Research

Recent queer scholarship on Tolkien’s legendarium has broadened our understanding of character embodiment, narrative possibilities, and reader/fan reception. Yet within this field, aromantic and asexual identities, collectively referred to as a-spec, remain comparatively understudied. While scholars such as Rory Queripel, Kristine Larsen, Nicholas Birns, and Danna Petersen-Deeprose have begun this conversation, one commonality persists: a focus on male-coded character a-spec readings. Very little attention has been paid to the a-spec resonances of female-coded characters. This may be because female-coded characters in Tolkien’s work are frequently positioned as wives and mothers, roles that appear to preclude a-spec readings due to normative …

“As Bachelors Very Exceptional”: An Asexual Reading Of Frodo Baggins, Danna Petersen-Deeprose

Journal of Tolkien Research

Queer Tolkien scholarship has seen a number of homosexual readings of Frodo Baggins. While there are indeed many elements within the text that support a queer reading, it is a mistake to insist that queer elements necessarily point to homosexuality. This article advances an alternative queer reading of Frodo: an asexual reading. Drawing queer and asexual scholarship, including Ela Przybylo, Danielle Cooper, Audre Lorde, and Jack Halberstam, this article examines Frodo’s actions, journey, and characteristics through an asexual lens, focusing on his solitary life in the Shire, the way he is perceived by the other Hobbits, his lack of any …

“A Natural Human Activity”: The Split Attraction Model As A Tool For Reading Tolkien’S Legendarium, Sarah Courtis

Journal of Tolkien Research

The works of J.R.R. Tolkien have long been a refuge for readers seeking escape; a world of eucatastrophe where difference is celebrated, and friendship lauded. Despite his egalitarian themes, gatekeepers attempt to bar those living at the margins and intersections from reading themselves into the texts, denying that applicability which Tolkien called for in his own works. One such applicable interpretation of the legendarium is through the lens of asexuality and aromanticism. As there are no graphic sex scenes (though contrary to GRR Martin’s claims sex does exist in the world and is expanded upon in The Nature of Middle …

Chaste Bachelors And Abstaining Husbands: Celibacy And Asexuality In The Line Of Finwë, Kristine Larsen

Journal of Tolkien Research

The episodic celibacy seen among the Eldar, especially in the House of Finwë, can be read through several contexts relevant to Tolkien’s personal experience and historical period. First, bachelorhood and celibacy as social issues in Britain from the Victorian era through the interwar period provide a possible backdrop against which to analyze the House of Finwë. Second, Finwë’s line can be read through Tolkien’s own views on marriage concerning the unnaturalness of monogamy for men. Analyzing Tolkien’s legendarium through these contexts reveals a complex tension between fecundity and celibacy among male Elves, especially in the line of Finwë, including the …

“Motions Of Love And Friendship”: Elven (A)Sexuality, Clare Moore

Journal of Tolkien Research

This essay argues that Tolkien constructed Elven sexuality as inherently asexual, given its marginalization to other aspects of their lives and identities. Elven (a)sexuality maintains space for sexual desire and relationships, representing a wide spectrum of asexuality, but it marginalizes sex through Tolkien's depiction of the body and spirit dynamic, a non-urgent desire between couples, the period of life when Elves engage in sexual activity, and the number of children typical for Elven couples. After establishing a norm of asexuality, this essay then explores show Legolas, Curufin, and Celegorm fit into this norm but represent diverse experiences of asexuality.

“Mythology Is Language And Language Is Mythology”: Allegory, Applicability, And/Or Asexuality In Tolkien’S Legendarium, Rory M. Queripel

Journal of Tolkien Research

Frequent criticisms of queer approaches to Tolkien’s work are that they are purely an outside artefact based on external readings and agendas, rather than with any basis in the works themselves. However, this paper contends that, while the much-vaunted “freedom of the reader” allows for such external readings, there is more in the substance of Tolkien’s language and mythology to back them up than may otherwise be assumed. Taking as a starting point Tolkien’s own statement that “the mind, the tongue, and the tale are co-eval,” the article explores the simultaneous linguistic and mythological development of Tolkien’s legendarium. Using the …

Introduction: Asexuality And Aromanticism In Tolkien's Works, Clare Moore, Rory Queripel

Journal of Tolkien Research

This article introduces this special issue focused on asexuality and aromanticism in the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. It seeks to fill a gap in queer Tolkien studies by presenting multiple articles on asexualt/aromantic interpretations of Tolkien's work.

Defending Lgbtqia+ Young Adult Literature In Classrooms: A Secondary English Methods Assignment, Summer Melody Pennell

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

The author describes how teachers and community advocates can defend the use of LGBTQIA+ Young Adult Literature in the secondary classroom by aligning teaching ideas to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for English. Through analyzing student work from two secondary English methods courses, the author found that students were able to find ways to teach the majority of the domains of ELA: reading literary fiction, reading informational texts, writing, and speaking and listening. Students also justified their pedagogical ideas with scholarship from English education. Rather than seeing LGBTQIA+ texts as outliers, the evidence shows they can be used to …

Decoding Stock Market Movements: The Role Of Unemployment And Volatility, Bipllab Roy, Suparna Bhattacharjee

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

This study investigates how unemployment and market volatility interact with stock prices in the Indian context, framing the stock–labour–volatility nexus as a complex adaptive system (CAS) rather than a set of linear, time-invariant relationships. Using verified secondary data on unemployment, India VIX, and NSE stock indices for 2013–2023, we first apply simple and multiple regression as a descriptive baseline. Results show a strong negative association between unemployment and stock prices (R ≈ 0.824, R² ≈ 0.68, p < 0.05), consistent with Keynesian demand-side channels, while the linear VIX–stock relationship is weak and statistically insignificant (R² ≈ 0.07, p > 0.05), consistent with the expectation that volatility operates through non-linear, regime-dependent mechanisms not captured by OLS.

Importantly, we document and transparently disclose critical …

Women's Travel Literature: Challenges And Limits, Jalila Tritar

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Women have never been part of the journey! Gender identity has always doomed them to domesticity and all the functions that correspond to it, such as procreation, motherhood, child education etc. The public space is the prerogative of men that of women has always been private space.

Women Travelers, From Hope To Disillusionment (1830-1930), Denise Brahimi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Denise Brahimi approaches travel from a point of view through which she sees it as a means of liberation and emancipation, a source of hope that can sometimes turn to the opposite, an aspiration to embrace vast and far-reaching horizons, a revolution against stability and conservatism and against existing structures that are bound to the dominant apostate against all noble human, social and political values. In short, it is the general cultural act that leads us to embrace the humanitarian in ourselves and in the universe, and to the liberation of body, soul, values and thought.

The Image Of Morocco In The Travels Of European Prisoners, The Journey Of The Dutchwoman Maria Ter Mitteln For Example", Elmustafa Dada

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Given the scarcity of critical studies of women travellers, this article attempts to approach the image of Morocco at a time marked by difficult political, economic and social transformations shortly after the death of the Moroccan sultan Almoula Ismail, based on the Dutch version of Maria Terre Metlin's experience with her families in the 1830s, between 1731 and 1743. The aim of this essay is to shed light on women's journeys from a mystical perspective. It also aims to reveal some of the stereotypes constructed by captive women travellers around Morocco and Morocco, highlighting the contexts and motives behind their …

Brave And Adventurous Women Travelers By Cristina Morato, Aicha Maati

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The Spanish writer, journalist, and traveler Cristina Morató is the first and foremost to take an interest in researching, collecting, and documenting women’s travels around the world. She has published five books in this context, all dealing with the adventures of female travelers, most of whom have been forgotten by history despite their exceptional achievements and their contribution to paving the way for a group of male travelers whose names have been written in gold. Cristina Morató insisted on giving back to all these female travelers the recognition and honor they deserve by researching and digging into the details of …

Morocco On The Threshold Of The Protectorate Through The French Travelogue De La Charrière, Hicham Abid

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Our intervention revolves around the French trip of it’s Authour

Egeria: The First Woman Traveler To Write About Her Adventures And Experiences In The Fourth Century Ad, Carlos Pascual

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The relationship between the Eastern countries and European travelers dates back to the earliest times. This relationship varied with different eras and times, depending on the reasons and objectives, whether they were economic, political, cultural, or colonial. A group of historians and scholars have documented the journeys made by these Christians to the Holy Lands in the East, especially to Canaan, Egypt, and Jerusalem, due to the status these countries hold in their hearts, as they are considered the revelation’s descent and the homeland of prophets and messengers.The translation at hand is an introduction to the travels of the nun …

A Reading Of "Western Women's Travels To Morocco 1860-1956" By Latifa Benjelloun Alaoui, Brahim El Harfi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Western Women Travelers in Morocco 1860-1956" by Latifa Benjelloun Laroui delves into the experiences of Western women who traveled to Morocco between 1860 and 1956. The book is split into two parts. The first part focuses on three distinct periods: pre-Protectorate with Drummond, during the Protectorate under Lyautey, and the post-Protectorate phase. It describes how these travelers, often diplomats' wives, missionaries, or journalists, experienced Morocco, its cities, culture, and people. The second part discusses the experiences of specific travelers, including journalists and women of letters, and their impact on the foreign perception of Morocco. The book provides a unique insight …

A Reading Of “Ladies Of The East: Great Travelers Across Arab Countries” By Cristina Morató, Salma Moutaouakkil

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article discusses the image presented by Spanish journalist and writer Morato Cristina about British women who have embarked on bold adventures across Mesopotamia, Persia, and the Arabian Peninsula through her fascinating book “Women Travelers Across the Middle East” (2015), which falls under travel literature. The author portrays the lives of some English travelers and what they observed and recorded of events and facts during their journeys. Some of them interacted with Arab Bedouin women in past centuries and resembled them to the extent that they preferred to live and die in the Middle East desert over their aristocratic lives …

Letters From Istanbul By Lady Mary Wortley Montagu:The Orient From A Woman's Point Of View, Latifa Laamarti

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

As it is well known, travel literature is any coherent and well-structured narrative that records what travelers had seen, experienced and lived. However, we always referred to this literature from the male point of view, since travel itself is considered something proper to men, who generally travelled to discover and explore new lands, to conquer other peoples, for espionage missions, diplomatic posts, religious motives, etc. We should know that women also contributed a great deal to this genre of literature. This was the case of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, a woman traveler who went on with her husband for his …

Emilia Serrano Or Baroness Of Wilson:The Traveling Writer, Nadia Baline

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Emilia Serrano, or Baroness of Wilson, a 19th-century writer, journalist, and traveler, spent half of her life in Latin America, due to her love and fondness for the place. This article will try to shed light on this author and highlight the place that she occupies in the travel literature of her time. Serrano faced such gender stereotype as the presumed weakness and sensitivity of women. Animated by her an unquenchable thirst for knowledge and exploration, Serrano traveled across America, from Canada to Patagonia in search of adventure. She wrote several literary works bearing testimony to her experiences, perceptions, multilingual …

Road Notes: "An Aesthetic Of Existence", Mustapha Charfaoui

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Travel as an act of displacement is a human activity that borders on need. This cultural constant forms the backdrop of works from antiquity, through the journey of Ulysses, the journeys of knights, explorers, missionaries, romantics, etc. For the human soul, travel is an irrevocable necessity as it is a meritorious source of learning as H. Miller asserts: “A destination is never a place, but a new way of seeing things”. This is what we see again in the journey undertaken by Isabelle Eberhardt that we will discover through her work Notes de route: Maroc, Algérie, Tunisie, a kind of …

Lily Sergueiew, A Convinced Traveller, Isabelle Antonutti

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Nathalie Sergueiew travelled across Europe and the Middle East on foot and by bicycle between 1933 and 1939. She was a journalist, solo traveller, cyclist, painter and spy during the Second World War. She made three major journeys. At the age of 21, she set off on foot to Poland via Germany. The following year she cycled through Central Europe. During her travels, she took an interest in political and social life. The situation in Europe is tense and she seeks to understand and explain. She conducted investigations in labour camps and slums, interviewed politicians and talked to Nazi activists, …

Zeynep Hanım: The First Female Ottoman Traveller Between Travelogue And Autobiography, Nesrin Karavar

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article analyzes the letters of Zeynep Hanım, one of the first modern women Turkish travelers written from various European cities. The rich experience of this traveler and feminist pioneer is collected in her letters, offering us her vision to the realities of the situation of Turkish and European women. The search for a Muslim and independent female identity in Europe is reflected in her letters. Like all the traveling women of her time, she reflected her observations in her correspondence comparing Turkish and European women, but exercising perhaps a more perceptive analysis than many other female travelers.

Orientalism And Anticolonialism In The Writings From The Sand «By Isabelle Eberhardt», Miloud El Bohdidi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

European explorers in the East captured their experiences and memories in important travel accounts. Although some travelers have written their memories down upon their return to their home countries, the decision made by other adventurers to stay permanently in the lands they set out to explore is remarkable. In this sense, the Swiss Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904) stands out, whose taste for the Orient led her, still young, to undertake her travels through Algeria, a country where she remained until her died following the uprising of a river in Ain-Sefra. His brother's enlistment in the French Legion and his posting to …

Alice Morrison’S My 1001 Nights: Tales And Adventures From Morocco Seeing From Within Not From Above And Preaching Cross-Cultural Appreciation, Youssef El Kaidi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Thanks to its geographical location at the intersection between continents and cultures, Morocco has always been a stage for cross-cultural encounters. Despite its geographical proximity to Europe, Morocco, however, is culturally distant to the Western subject and its exotic allure has always been irresistible. While many 19th and early 20th century travel accounts on Morocco were highly orientalist in their (mis)representation of space and race in Morocco, Alice Morrison’s My 1001 Nights: Tales and Adventures from Morocco seem to introduce a new pattern of cultural representation in which the Western traveler witnesses from within not from above. This paper demonstrates …

The Rhetoric Of Wandering And Travel Narratives In Isabelle Eberhardt's «Écrits Sur Le Sable», Amira Souames

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The eminently intimate call from the outside makes it possible to densify the relationship to the world on condition that it is in accordance with the affinities of the traveler. Thus, With Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904), her attachment to the place stems in particular from the fact that she will never return there. Sahara, chosen land of the wanderer, is a chosen landscape that she tries to live and describe in its endless variations. Although the departure is an act of postage, the meaning of the journey is acquired over the course of the journey, and we will question ourselves in …