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The Legal Nature Of Digital Money, Iman Hamza Hussein Feb 2025

The Legal Nature Of Digital Money, Iman Hamza Hussein

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Digital money is one of the modern innovations created by technological advances, and economic conditions due to the global coronavirus pandemic accelerated their spread. If money is considered the greatest discovery of mankind, today, more than ten years ago, we are witnessing the birth of a new era of money, the age of digital money, the first cryptocurrency dubbed "digital money". Bitcoin, on January 3, 2009, was launched by someone who called himself a symbolic name. (Satoshi Nakamoto), digital money is the latest step towards central Internet services. This topic has become a controversy for legal and economic jurisprudence between …

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The Role Of International And National Organizations In Reducing Environmental Pollution, Mohammed Merie Jasim Feb 2025

The Role Of International And National Organizations In Reducing Environmental Pollution, Mohammed Merie Jasim

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The research entitled (The role of international and national organizations in reducing environmental pollution), contained introduction and three sections, conclusion and recommendations. The research dealt with the theoretical rooting of environmental concepts, environmental pollution, international organizations, and national organizations. The research touched on the role of international organizations represented by the establishment of the United Nations Program for the Protection of the Environment and the promotion of international cooperation, and the contribution of the United Nations Organization in establishing and sponsoring international conferences and concluding international agreements and supporting and following up regional and specialized organizations, such as the World …

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Updated In The Renewed Registry Compared To Civil Possession, Haider Mahdi Nazzal Feb 2025

Updated In The Renewed Registry Compared To Civil Possession, Haider Mahdi Nazzal

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Real estate goes through many legal procedures in order for its owner to acquire the legal capacity in dealing with it, but there are some real estates that have remained for a very long time in the possession of their owner, yet these procedures have not been completed for one reason or another. Legislative capacity under the term (renewed real estate registration), as an exceptional legal procedure and the only solution to address the ownership of this type of real estate. Our research discussed this important issue at the present time as it is a thorny and complex issue that …

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Systemic Integration Considering The Rules Of Public International Law, مهدي صلاح مهدي الموسوي Feb 2025

Systemic Integration Considering The Rules Of Public International Law, مهدي صلاح مهدي الموسوي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Article (31/3/c) of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, and the principle of systemic complementarity that it expresses, call upon any dispute settlement body or any legal man to lay down the rules invoked by those concerned with the dispute or - when there is a disagreement about the interpretation of a treaty What - in the context of other rules and principles that may have an impact on the case. In this process, the most specific or directly available sources are read in the light of the other and in the light of general law lurking …

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Civil Liability For Hypnosis, Huda Samir Dawood Feb 2025

Civil Liability For Hypnosis, Huda Samir Dawood

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

اااHypnosis has several uses, including its use in psychological treatment or in a criminal investigation, whether it is for the accused or the witness, by placing the person in a situation in which he answers the hypnotized person’s questions without having the will to refuse to answer them, which sometimes poses problems that may It raises the civil liability in contract or tort, and then it is necessary to demand compensation from the injured person for the damages he suffered as a result of the hypnosis process he underwent

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The Right To Choose And Its Effect On The Binding Force Of The Contract, Noor Ayad Hassan Feb 2025

The Right To Choose And Its Effect On The Binding Force Of The Contract, Noor Ayad Hassan

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Through scientific legal research and studies, it has become agreed upon that the formation and implementation of the contract is nothing but a fact that establishes a legal position for the parties to the contract that they are obligated to respect with others, as it is necessary to look at this actual incident that took place in reality and the law has arranged its effects on rights and obligations, however The contract cannot remain isolated from the society in which it was raised, meaning that the contract must have an external presence that guarantees the effectiveness of its effects, and …

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Commitment To Renegotiate The Composition Of The Amended Contract, Ali Hussein Dwayyeh Feb 2025

Commitment To Renegotiate The Composition Of The Amended Contract, Ali Hussein Dwayyeh

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The main reason for the formation of the amended contract is the change in the circumstances surrounding the basic contract, so that the implementation of the contract for one of its parties is cumbersome, especially in long-term contracts whose parties desire a measure of stability in their transactions, as in concession contracts, supply contracts, contracting contracts and insurance contracts, which are subject to change The surrounding circumstances, which will affect the elements of the contract and the obligations of the contractors will be affected accordingly. The change of circumstances surrounding the contract that are diverse as a result of the …

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إشكالية مادية الجريمة في الاتفاق الجنائي, Maryam Adnan Fadhel Feb 2025

إشكالية مادية الجريمة في الاتفاق الجنائي, Maryam Adnan Fadhel

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The existence of an agreement about a specific crime, whether it occurred or not, indicates an advanced level of criminal preparedness and social danger. Modern legislation agrees that punishment is only for actions that come out of the soul and into the external world, but the criminal agreement came as an exception to that, as it is an independent crime, independent and full-fledged, and not the agreement as a means of participation, where the criminal agreement is characterized by a special legislative policy because it is an independent crime. Certain conditions and controls bring it into criminalization. Research on this …

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The Consumer's Right To Withdraw From The Electronic Sales Contract, Ahmed Tooj Auda Feb 2025

The Consumer's Right To Withdraw From The Electronic Sales Contract, Ahmed Tooj Auda

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The right to withdraw from the contract is a legislative right of the consumer, which can be exercised within the period specified for it, and within the controls established for it, and when exercising it restores the situation to what it was before the contract, it lies in protecting the consumer from fraud and haste in concluding the contract without full knowledge of the Contract content. The consumer is the axis around which all the legal texts contained in consumer protection laws revolve, and he is the direct reason for the legislation that restores the balance between him and the …

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حماية المال العام في ضوء احكام قانون التضمين, شفاء عبد حسين Feb 2025

حماية المال العام في ضوء احكام قانون التضمين, شفاء عبد حسين

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The Liability Law No: 31 of 2015 is aimed to protect the public funds. Pursuant to this law, any public employee, who is charged with causing damages to the public treasury as a result of his/her negligence or default is obliged to bear all the costs of such damages. The minister or any authorized party or the governor or any of his authorized person shall format an investigating committee.The law has given the defaulting employee the right to appeal against the committee decision within (30) days. Against the Judiciary Administrative Court within (30) days of knowing the decision.

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فقدان الجنسية وأثرها على حقوق الإنسان, محمد نعمـــان الـــداودي Feb 2025

فقدان الجنسية وأثرها على حقوق الإنسان, محمد نعمـــان الـــداودي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

تناولت في هذه الدراسة موضوع فقدان الجنسية بالتجريد وأثرها على حقوق الإنسان، وقد اتبعت منهجًا علميًا، وذلك باستعمال التحليل المنطقي لتطور مشكلة التجريد من الجنسية وعلاقته بالحفاظ على المصلحة الوطنية للدولة. وقد قسمت هذه الدراسة إلى مبحثين، حيث تناولت في المبحث الأول حالات فقد الجنسية، من خلال مطلبين، تناولنا في المطلب الأول حالات إسقاط الجنسية، وفي المطلب الثاني استعرضنا أسباب التجريد من الجنسية بالسحب. وفي المبحث الثاني تناولنا تأثير التجريد من الجنسية على حقوق الإنسان، من خلال مطلبين، المطلب الأول تناولنا أثر التجريد من الجنسية وحقوق الإنسان وفي المطلب الثاني استعرضنا التوفيق بين حق الدولة بالتجريد من الجنسية وحقوق الإنسان. …

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The Problem Of Objectiong To Arbitration Rulings, هادي عنيد حسان Feb 2025

The Problem Of Objectiong To Arbitration Rulings, هادي عنيد حسان

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Commercial international adjudication is one of the modern and innovated in judicial judgment in disputes in courts especially between countries. This will help them in two sides: the first, the speed of decision and this matter is very essential in commercial deals because time is crucial in transactions. The second one is avoiding local courts because in some cases local courts could not give fair decision because of hesitation and bias. One of the obstacle in dealing with commercial international adjudication is the implementation of decisions in some countries and the main cause is some decisions stand against the concept …

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Compensation For Vehicle Accidents, حسـن مــكي مشـيري Feb 2025

Compensation For Vehicle Accidents, حسـن مــكي مشـيري

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The importance of the topic lies in clarifying the provisions of compensation for damages to persons or funds as a result of traffic accidents on the roads, given the large number of collisions between vehicles and damages to persons from death or bodily injury or to property from loss and damage, and these damages may occur as a result of the driver’s mistake or As a result of a defect in the vehicle, a defect in the road, or as a result of the fault of others, or because of force majeure or a sudden accident. In this research, we …

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The Effectiveness Of International Human Rights Law In Freedom Of Information Circulation Organizing And Protecting Over The Internet, عمر عباس خضير العبيدي Feb 2025

The Effectiveness Of International Human Rights Law In Freedom Of Information Circulation Organizing And Protecting Over The Internet, عمر عباس خضير العبيدي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

in every soul. Wherever freedom is, there is the home. There is no doubt that the freedom of information has a great impact on the depth of human life, which is as old as man in this world. Man, by nature, seeks all available possibilities and means through the ages to obtain, transfer, and circulate information. He has followed various means of transmission and circulation of information until reaching the current state, in light of scientific and technological progress in the field of information and communication. Since law is a social phenomenon whose existence is linked to the existence and …

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Prohibition Of Contracting In Public Tender Contracts, محمد جبار اتويه النصراوي Feb 2025

Prohibition Of Contracting In Public Tender Contracts, محمد جبار اتويه النصراوي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The administrative contract includes exceptional conditions that are unfamiliar in private law contracts and are inconsistent with the principle of equality between the contracting parties. These conditions are the administration’s right to make amendments to the contract during implementation, its right to rescind the contract, impose delay fines, and other privileges that the administration can exercise by its own will, without the consent of the contractor. However, if the administration tends to use these privileges, it aims only at the public interest because it is restricted to its scope according to the law. It can be said that these privileges …

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The Rights Of The Accused When Arrested And Questioned By Members Of The Judicial Police, ابابيل صالح مهدي Feb 2025

The Rights Of The Accused When Arrested And Questioned By Members Of The Judicial Police, ابابيل صالح مهدي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

This study is summarized about the abuse of judicial officers in business entrusted to them by the law, by defining the judicial police and those in charge of it, and what their duties are towards the accused when investigating a crime, and the measures taken in the flagrant crime by granting them the authority to investigate Exceptionally, taking into account the rights of the accused in terms of arrest, search and entry to dwellings, the use of physical and moral means of torture is also prohibited for the accused and forcing him to answer the questions addressed to him. Most …

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المسؤولية المدنية عن خطأ المختبرالطبي في تشخيص مرض كورونا, صدام بدن رحيمة الساعدي Feb 2025

المسؤولية المدنية عن خطأ المختبرالطبي في تشخيص مرض كورونا, صدام بدن رحيمة الساعدي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

مكن أن تظهر أخطاء في تشخيص مرض كوفيد-19 (كورونا) في الفترة السابقة للتحليل، كما في حالة عدم تطابق اسم صاحب العينة على العينة مع المريض الفعلي الذي أخذت منه تلك العينة. إلا أن التكنولوجيا الطبية الحديثة في مجال العمل المختبري قد ساعدت كثيرًا في تقليل الخطأ المختبري في المختبرات الطبية، بالرغم من أن التكنولوجيا ما تزال عالية التكلفة وقليلة الاستعمال في بعض البلدان العربية، ويعتمد الكثير منها على الطرق التقليدية للحد من التكاليف. إن المختصين في العمل المختبري يسعون بكل مهنية لتقليل الخطأ بغض النظر عن مصدره، سواء كان متعلقًا بالمرض أو غيره. وتعتبر الدقة في التحليل أمرًا حيويًا، حيث …

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قوة السند الرسمي المنظم في الاثبات, صفاء مهدي محمد الطويل Feb 2025

قوة السند الرسمي المنظم في الاثبات, صفاء مهدي محمد الطويل

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

السند الرسمي نوعان: إما موثق أو سند منظم. وتختلف هذان النوعان من حيث قوة الإثبات. في السند الرسمي المنظم، يقوم الموظف العام أو المكلف بالخدمة العامة بتوثيق الوقائع المادية في السند، مما يعني عدم جواز إنكار هذه الوقائع مستقبلاً، بعكس السند الرسمي الموثق، حيث يقوم الموظف بتوثيق التوقيعات فقط دون التحقق من صحة البيانات والإقرارات الواردة فيه. وللتوضيح، تم تناول هذا الموضوع من خلال مطلبين: الأول يتناول تعريف السند الرسمي المنظم، بينما الثاني يناقش آثار السند في مجال الإثبات وأثره في الحجز الاحتياطي. وفي ختام البحث، تم عرض أهم النتائج التي توصلنا إليها والمقترحات المتعلقة بالبحث." "The official bond is …

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فاعلية الرقابة القضائية على الدعاية الانتخابية للمرشح The Effectiveness Of Judicial Oversight On The Candidate's Electoral Propaganda, صادق محمد عزت العسافي Feb 2025

فاعلية الرقابة القضائية على الدعاية الانتخابية للمرشح The Effectiveness Of Judicial Oversight On The Candidate's Electoral Propaganda, صادق محمد عزت العسافي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The electoral process includes three stages, a previous, contemporary and subsequent stage. It should be noted that subjecting the candidate's electoral propaganda to judicial oversight is a stage prior to the electoral process. It is natural that the electoral propaganda is accompanied with some violations which, in turn, affect the voter's will. Likewise, these violations would affect and represent an attack on the right of another candidate through practicing his electoral propaganda. Accordingly, we found that it is necessary to research the role of the oversight judiciary over the candidate's electoral propaganda, in a way that addresses every violation committed …

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The Right To Work And Employment For People With Disabilities In The Light Of International Conventions And Iraqi Legislation, حميدة علي جابر Feb 2025

The Right To Work And Employment For People With Disabilities In The Light Of International Conventions And Iraqi Legislation, حميدة علي جابر

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Persons with disabilities are considered the largest minority in the world, and the most disadvantaged minorities. The figures indicate that one billion people, or 15% of the world's population, suffer from some form of disability, and the prevalence of disability is increasing in developing countries. Scientific studies indicate that people with disabilities can practice work with mastery, perseverance and skill that sometimes exceed the skill of a healthy person if they choose the appropriate work for their abilities and talents, and that the right to work is guaranteed internationally and locally, and among the groups covered by this right are …

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Examining Sino-Us Relations With Emphasis On The South China Sea, Doaa Fadhil Gatea Feb 2025

Examining Sino-Us Relations With Emphasis On The South China Sea, Doaa Fadhil Gatea

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

8China's rise as a major power in the region and the world has challenged the hegemonic power of the United States. In the current context, from the US perspective, cooperation with China is essential for economic and security benefits. In the field of global security, the United States has always considered that China is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a nuclear state, and that the US-China conflict in the South China Sea could pose a major threat to those countries. The South China Sea conflict is currently on the rise. In recent years, the region …

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النظام القانوني لعقد الكونسورتيوم "د ارسة في ضوء قواعد القانون الخاص, لفته هامل العجيلي Feb 2025

النظام القانوني لعقد الكونسورتيوم "د ارسة في ضوء قواعد القانون الخاص, لفته هامل العجيلي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

No abstract provided.

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Statute Of The International Law Commission 1947 As Amended, مهدي صلاح مهدي الموسوي Feb 2025

Statute Of The International Law Commission 1947 As Amended, مهدي صلاح مهدي الموسوي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

No abstract provided.

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Obstacles Against Legislative Reformation Of The Election Process In Iraq, Yasir Hussein Ali Feb 2025

Obstacles Against Legislative Reformation Of The Election Process In Iraq, Yasir Hussein Ali

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Elections is the heart of democracy. There is no democratic system without integral, transparent elections with an elective reformation which includes partial or total reform within the legal framework of the elections to improve the way of expressing public needs in the results of the elections. Any reformation project in any state faces a group of obstacles which limit its success. The topic of the currnt study is the political obstacles. Reform opportunities depend on the available legal tools and the political framework used to call for reform. This study concluded the most important obstacles and ways of treating them …

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The International Legal Framework For Enforced Disappearance, نور خالد ابراهيم Feb 2025

The International Legal Framework For Enforced Disappearance, نور خالد ابراهيم

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Enforced disappearance has become a global issue, and it is no longer restricted to certain countries, where previously enforced disappearance was limited to dictatorial countries, either at the present time the phenomenon of enforced disappearance is increasing widely when there is an internal conflict in a particular country, or because of the migration of the population in an irregular manner, Or it may be used as a means of putting pressure on opponents, or as part of intimidation and ethnic cleansing, as enforced disappearance affects basic human rights and may continue to the end to claim the lives of those …

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Civil Liability For Social Media Hacking, هدى سمير داود Feb 2025

Civil Liability For Social Media Hacking, هدى سمير داود

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Social media sites are becoming increasingly important nowadays for their uses There are many types of content, whether political, social and entertainment, and beyond the importance of These sites are used in business and economic activities, making Some take advantage of these sites to get money by hacking pages Social media sites and theft of messages and documents that the hacker exploits to obtain To obtain sums of money by threatening to publish these messages and documents, the hacker uses several Means to achieve its purposes, whether by using programs or fraudulent methods, which causes harm For users of these …

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السيادة الوظيفية في إطار القانون الدولي العام Functional Sovereignty Within The Framework Of Public International Law, دعاء جليل حاتم Feb 2025

السيادة الوظيفية في إطار القانون الدولي العام Functional Sovereignty Within The Framework Of Public International Law, دعاء جليل حاتم

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Sovereignty in its general sense is no longer the same as in the past. The developments that have affected the international community have led to the emergence of new concepts of sovereignty, exercised by persons other than states, as the consequences of the recognition of legal personality by international organizations led to their possession of a sovereignty that transcends the sovereignty of its member states. It detracts from it, termed functional sovereignty, which is seen as the framework from which the international organization derives legitimacy, with regard to the functions and objectives it undertakes to perform.

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Legal Implications Of The Extradition System In Public International Law, سارة ظافر عبد الحميد Feb 2025

Legal Implications Of The Extradition System In Public International Law, سارة ظافر عبد الحميد

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Extradition is a legal and consensual system between two states, then one of them requests the other state to extradite a person on its territory, either to try him for a crime he committed, subject to the law of the requesting state, or to implement a judgment issued by its courts against him, and it is worth mentioning that the state requesting extradition This person is called the requesting state, and the other state is called the state from which extradition is requested. In this research, we dealt with the effects of the extradition system. It is noted that the …

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Legal Regulation Of The Labor Strike Between Legality And Responsibility (Comparative Study), هشام جليل إبراهيم Feb 2025

Legal Regulation Of The Labor Strike Between Legality And Responsibility (Comparative Study), هشام جليل إبراهيم

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The right to strike is considered one of the rights and public freedoms and one of the most important means of expressing opinion, provided that it is organized according to controls and conditions that guarantee its exercise, and provided that there is no extravagance on the part of individuals in its use. It is one of the tools by which social balance is achieved among the other working sects of the people, but this right is not absolute, but is subject to some restrictions and controls that are required by the public interest, like all other rights and freedoms, in …

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ضابط معيارالشخص المعتاد في المسؤولية الجزائية, نبراس جبار خلف محمد الحلفي Feb 2025

ضابط معيارالشخص المعتاد في المسؤولية الجزائية, نبراس جبار خلف محمد الحلفي

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

A The issue of the usual person is one of the important issues that play a role in deciding the criminal responsibility and determining the penalty by referring to it by the judiciary to put the penal text into practice where the judiciary depends on it, whether this criterion is a personal criterion or an objective criterion. These two criteria have a nature that adapts to the judgment of each case to which they are referred. The importance of this topic is evident in each of the material pillar of the crime, and in particular in the relationship of causation …

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