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The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Creativity, Innovation And Intellectual Property Rights In Nigeria, Folmi Yohanna, Sikkam Ibrahim Suleiman Feb 2025

The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Creativity, Innovation And Intellectual Property Rights In Nigeria, Folmi Yohanna, Sikkam Ibrahim Suleiman

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly infiltrated various sectors, altering the way we interact with technology. In the creative realm, AI has emerged as a transformative force, influencing the processes and technology. While offers unprecedented opportunities for content generation and invention, it also raises concerns regarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and data privacy. Advancement of the internet has enhanced copying and file sharing, innovation, design and vast amount of data on customers collected which have resulted in IPRs infringed and consumer privacy violated. This paper aims to examine impact of AI on creativity, innovation, and IPRs in Nigeria, analysing issues as …

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State Boundaries Based On Manifestations Of Social Contract Theory In Indonesia, Novianto Sanjaya, Oemar Moechthar, Isyrofah Amaliyah Achmad, Millah Aldillah Achmad Feb 2025

State Boundaries Based On Manifestations Of Social Contract Theory In Indonesia, Novianto Sanjaya, Oemar Moechthar, Isyrofah Amaliyah Achmad, Millah Aldillah Achmad

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

This article aims to analyze the boundaries of legal language Mala in prohibita through the theory of social contract that have been proposed by JJ. Rosseau that the country essentially arises from the existence of contractual relationships between communities to trigger the will and form a system called the state (a unionic pactum). Regarding the concept of social will is one of the things that determine how the birth of mala in SE or mala in prohibitum in Indonesia. The legal language in this case is used to study the extent to which the findings of science in modern language …

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Smart Contracts: A New Form Of Contract In Modern Day, Grace Emmanuel Kaka, Muhammad Helmi Md Said, Tinuk Dwi Cahyani, Alaa Basil Baqer Alfadhel, Sa’Adu Zungur Feb 2025

Smart Contracts: A New Form Of Contract In Modern Day, Grace Emmanuel Kaka, Muhammad Helmi Md Said, Tinuk Dwi Cahyani, Alaa Basil Baqer Alfadhel, Sa’Adu Zungur

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Smart contract as a new form of contract is recognized to provide speedy and efficient transactions. Eliminating textual ambiguities, cumbersome contractual terms, enables negotiations, verify terms and automatically enforce tempered-free contractual terms without the need for intermediaries. In traditional contract, contractual terms are written in formal language which are quite cumbersome, the process of concluding transactions is slow and requires the intervention of lawyers, banks, registry departments and the courts. Many jurisdictions including Nigeria are still carrying out contractual transactions relying solely on traditional contract despite advancement in technologies including Blockchain technology, Ethereum and use of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and …

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The Concept Of The Crime Of Corruption: Perspective Of Islamic Law And Indonesian Law, Tinuk Dwi Cahyani, Nabila Aprilia Rismara, Grace Emmanuel Kaka, Sa’Adu Zungur Feb 2025

The Concept Of The Crime Of Corruption: Perspective Of Islamic Law And Indonesian Law, Tinuk Dwi Cahyani, Nabila Aprilia Rismara, Grace Emmanuel Kaka, Sa’Adu Zungur

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Abuse of public power for personal gain is called corruption. When a person in charge of a particular position receives money or other gifts and uses them to abuse his official power by committing inappropriate acts, this is called an act of corruption. In the current view, it is possible that corruption has also entered the private sector in addition to the public sector. In law, perpetrators of corruption can be punished in the form of ta'zir, which is a punishment decided by a judge based on how serious their actions are. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, perpetrators of corruption can face …

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Subjecting Taxes To The Profits Of Entities Participating In The Foreign Currency Auction At The Central Bank Of Iraq, Ammar Fawzi Kadhim, Noor Al-Huda Abdul Rasoul Feb 2025

Subjecting Taxes To The Profits Of Entities Participating In The Foreign Currency Auction At The Central Bank Of Iraq, Ammar Fawzi Kadhim, Noor Al-Huda Abdul Rasoul

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The foreign currency auction is one of the indirect instruments of monetary policy resorted to by the Central Bank of Iraq under the provisions of Article 28 of Central Bank Law No. 56 of 2004 for the purpose of controlling the size of the Cash in circulation and pumping foreign currency into the local market to meet the local need and finance foreign trade and maintaining a stable and stable exchange rate for the Iraqi dinar in the market، but the auction quickly deviated from its objectives، achieving huge financial profits for the institutions allowed to participate in it.

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Administrative Corruption Crimes... Causes And Repercussions, Nada Jawad Katea, Firas Abdel Moneim Abdullah Feb 2025

Administrative Corruption Crimes... Causes And Repercussions, Nada Jawad Katea, Firas Abdel Moneim Abdullah

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Corruption crimes are among the issues that top public opinion in Iraq, because there is not a single day without community members circulating news about embezzlement of public money, or abuse of power in one of the official and semi-official institutions, not to mention the many cases under consideration in this regard by Courts specialized in cases of integrity and money laundering.And based on the principle of social solidarity against crime, the Iraqi legislator has embarked in more than one place of legislation to enact laws concerned with protecting those who deal with corruption crimes, so the Witnesses, Experts, Informants, …

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Definition Of Letter Of Intent, Maaly Shaker Saadoun, Jalil Hassan Al-Saadi Feb 2025

Definition Of Letter Of Intent, Maaly Shaker Saadoun, Jalil Hassan Al-Saadi

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The letter of intend appeared in commercial transactions away from any legislativ organization , which takes its normal status in the negotiations. It is done through correspondence called pledges of honor , letter of intend , to disclose the intention to abide by the rule of trust , which imposes respect by the parties to commercial relations based on the principle of trust , honor and commercial reputation that prevails in the business world .Etc.In fact , these terms , which were used by the person who signed the letter of intend , loses their legal value at the maximum …

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Contract Almudarabat In Islamic Banks, Duaa Qassem Kadhim, Ali Fawzi Ibrahim Al-Musawi Feb 2025

Contract Almudarabat In Islamic Banks, Duaa Qassem Kadhim, Ali Fawzi Ibrahim Al-Musawi

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Banks are generally the backbone of the economy and its main engine, as they work to collect saved funds, try to develop them, facilitate their circulation, and plan to invest them, as it is undeniable that the positive role that banking activity plays in services, financing, investment, and in various financial, economic and social activities, banks today organize relationships Society and facilitate the process of dealing between individuals and societies and act as a financial intermediary that regulates the economic roles of the various parties to economic activity, as Islamic banks have adopted since their inception formulas on which the …

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Internal Protection Mechanisms For Street Children, Rafel Ali Maneh, Ghazi Faisal Mahdi Feb 2025

Internal Protection Mechanisms For Street Children, Rafel Ali Maneh, Ghazi Faisal Mahdi

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The child is considered the basis for building societies, as it is the highest meaning that carries weakness and strength within it. The child cannot prevent dangers from him, and the childhood stage is one of the most dangerous stages of human life and the greatest in the formation of the individual’s personality. The child is weak and cannot meet his needs that guarantee him the continuation of life. To include the child in special care that affirms and protects his rights. The constitutions, laws, and domestic legislation of countries have been keen to ensure the protection of the rights …

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Protection Of Civil Aviation Under Public International Law, Hatem Abd Al-Karim Aliwi Al-Fatlawi, Ahmed Abdel-Razzaq Digest Feb 2025

Protection Of Civil Aviation Under Public International Law, Hatem Abd Al-Karim Aliwi Al-Fatlawi, Ahmed Abdel-Razzaq Digest

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The current research aims to identify the protection of civil aviation under general international law, where the importance of research in the performance of civil aviation at the present time highlights an important role at the international level in various aspects of international relations, as it contributes a fundamental role in the global economy, where the problem of this study revolves around: Protection of civil aviation under public international law In order to shed more light on this protection, we will divide this research into two sections: the first discusses the protection of civil aviation under human rights agreements, while …

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أثر عدم منطقية الحجج التي اوردتها المحكمة على السابقة الدستورية في العدول عنها, حنان صبري ناهي الجبوري, لؤي كريم عبد خضير Feb 2025

أثر عدم منطقية الحجج التي اوردتها المحكمة على السابقة الدستورية في العدول عنها, حنان صبري ناهي الجبوري, لؤي كريم عبد خضير

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The rulings of the constitutional judiciary are considered as judicial precedents that must be followed in all the remaining courts, because the rulings of these courts are binding on all state bodies. However, the constitutional judiciary can amend its judicial precedents and build a new opinion contrary to what it had previously ruled, and this is called reversal in the constitutional judiciary. One of the reasons for reversing it is that the court considers that the arguments it has previously presented in the case from which it has retracted are illogical. This research is about reversing the previous one because …

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Procedural Necessity At The Preliminary Investigation Stage, Marwa Hassan Alibi, Sabah Sami Dawud Feb 2025

Procedural Necessity At The Preliminary Investigation Stage, Marwa Hassan Alibi, Sabah Sami Dawud

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Criminal proceedings are generally subject to the principle of procedural legality, which means that criminal proceedings are subject to the law and a person's procedural obligation not to violate it However, there may be circumstances or situations in which intervention is necessary to achieve the objective of the Code of Criminal Procedure, namely, to reveal the truth Whether it is in the interest of the accused or in the interest of the community represented by the victim, these cases are called "procedural necessity. Procedural necessity is an exception provided by the legislator to the procedural origin in order to achieve …

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Work Environment (Project Concept) In Lraqi Labor Law No.(37) Of 2015., Fatin Abdul-Hussein Al-Waeli Feb 2025

Work Environment (Project Concept) In Lraqi Labor Law No.(37) Of 2015., Fatin Abdul-Hussein Al-Waeli

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The project brings together the two parties to the work contract, which are the worker and the employer. Within this organization, mutual rights and obligations arise on both parties, and it includes material and non-material means that interact with human efforts to make that project succeed. This interaction results in a relationship between the parties to the project that creates an administrative and disciplinary authority for the employer on the worker and against a commitment The latter by submitting to that authority creates rights for him, and the powers granted to the employer within the project are only directives issued …

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وسائل المحاسبة البرلمانية للرقابة على أعمال السلطة التنفيذية (دراسة مقارنة) Parliamentary Accountability Methods For Controlling The Work Of The Executive Authority, أحمد عبدالسلام عبدالدائم Feb 2025

وسائل المحاسبة البرلمانية للرقابة على أعمال السلطة التنفيذية (دراسة مقارنة) Parliamentary Accountability Methods For Controlling The Work Of The Executive Authority, أحمد عبدالسلام عبدالدائم

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

الرقابة البرلمانية تمارس من المجلس النيابي المنتخب للاطلاع على أعمال السلطة التنفيذية وسياستها العامة، ويتوقف مدى نجاح تلك الرقابة على كفاءة البرلمان، الذي يستطيع من خلال هذه الرقابة، أن يتابع أداء الجهاز الحكومي الذي يمكن بما يملكه من أمكانيات هائلة، أن يمس حقوق الاف ارد وحرياتهم . لذلك يمارس البرلمان رقابته من خلال وسائل المحاسبة المتاحة المتمثلة بالاستجواب والتحقيق للوصول إلى رقابة حقيقية فاعلة تجعل اختصاص السلطة التنفيذية في نطاق المبادئ الدستورية ودائرة المصلحة العامة . Parliamentary oversight is exercised by the elected Parliament to see the work of the executive authority and its general policy, and the extent of …

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The Effect Of Brainwashing On The Establishment Of Criminal Responsibility, هدى هاتف مظهر, آيات ليث شاتر Feb 2025

The Effect Of Brainwashing On The Establishment Of Criminal Responsibility, هدى هاتف مظهر, آيات ليث شاتر

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

One of the principles recognized in criminal law is that a person cannot be held accountable for a crime he committed unless he has two elements of awareness and will. Therefore, we note that the comparative judiciary of foreign countries has tended to adopt a new excuse exempting responsibility for all crimes, and this excuse is brainwashing When it is proven that all or some of the person's ideas and concepts have disappeared to be replaced by new values instilled in the person who will be brainwashed Therefore, this excuse is not based on the lack of awareness and will …

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Legal Regulation Of The Bank Guarantee Contract - A Legal Study Of The Iraqi Company For Bank Guarantees, هشام جليل إبراهيم Feb 2025

Legal Regulation Of The Bank Guarantee Contract - A Legal Study Of The Iraqi Company For Bank Guarantees, هشام جليل إبراهيم

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

ا The main objective of the establishment of the Iraqi Company for Bank Guarantees, is to help small and medium enterprises in Iraq, to access official funding sources through Iraqi private banks, the secured loans system aims, also, to encourage banks to adopt modern methods of risk assessment and to follow advanced administrative systems. This was done according to the approval of the Central Bank of Iraq in its letter 9/3/1974 on May 7, 2009 and the approval of the Ministry of Commerce / Companies Registration Department dated September 11, 2009 and in accordance with the provisions of Companies Law …

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أسباب قبول الدول لقروض مثقلة بال مانات, ياسر حسط علي الشبلاوي, مهــا محمــد أيــوب Feb 2025

أسباب قبول الدول لقروض مثقلة بال مانات, ياسر حسط علي الشبلاوي, مهــا محمــد أيــوب

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Required privacy international agreement. Hence, it is its furniture in the long term, and its appearance in the long term. The lender’s interest in the guarantee is justified by the fact that it is not a charitable body that gives free of charge, especially when the bodies that provide international services, where there are capital in contributing countries. Airplane relations, or what follows by will and status, and the international legal situation, in the event that his role in securing his state's role for the state is secured by compensation, and is a kind of precaution against circumstances and their …

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الرقابة على السلطة التقديرية للإدار الضريبية في تفريد العقوبات الضريبية, نور عدنان داخل, سناء محمد سدخان Feb 2025

الرقابة على السلطة التقديرية للإدار الضريبية في تفريد العقوبات الضريبية, نور عدنان داخل, سناء محمد سدخان

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Tax crime is a social phenomenon that arises with human instinct. It is every positive or negative external activity that constitutes an attack on the interest of the public treasury in collecting its revenues and decided punishment. The tax legislator obligates those charged with fulfilling the tax obligations, whether stipulated in the Income Tax Law or the applicable Customs Law, to pay the imposed tax on in determined time and to submit the tax return and keep the commercial papers that reflect the nature of the activity and the amount of profits it earns from its activity and notify the …

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Mr. Laney Mincey Feb 2025

Mr. Laney Mincey

African American Funeral Programs

Handwritten Obituary for Mr. Laney Mincey

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Nettie Nelson Feb 2025

Nettie Nelson

African American Funeral Programs

Mrs_Nettie_Netson.pdf - Funeral program for Nettie Nelson

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Self-Defence Under Customary International Law, Adamu Idris Tanimu Feb 2025

Self-Defence Under Customary International Law, Adamu Idris Tanimu

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The Charter of the United Nations was thought to establish a formative or detriment an international peace and security. According to the Article 51 of the United Nations Charter “Nothing in the present Charter shalom part inherent to individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs.” However, Article 51 does not propose a legal definition of the conduction side deadnamed attack or the commencement of such an attack. As result of different constructions, thinner have been arising and continuing to change respond to seton new situations and threats

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Ukrainian Variable In Us Policy Towards Russian Federation Since 2022, Douaa Fadhil Gatea Feb 2025

Ukrainian Variable In Us Policy Towards Russian Federation Since 2022, Douaa Fadhil Gatea

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Researching the Ukrainian variable, from the perspective of geostrategic and geoeconomics considerations, in the United States’ policy towards the Russian Federation, shows how Ukraine has become an arena for competition and conflict between the two strategic powers, with the aim of enhancing their national security, by concentrating influence and dominance over it, and then over Central and Eastern Europe, in order to achieve their strategic goals at the level of Europe and the world. By dominating Ukraine and integrating it into the European Union and NATO, the United States can reduce Russia's influence, encircle it, and hinder its will to …

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The Objective Nature Of International Responsibility For Humanitarian Violations Using Prohibited Weapons, Yasir Hussein Ali Feb 2025

The Objective Nature Of International Responsibility For Humanitarian Violations Using Prohibited Weapons, Yasir Hussein Ali

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

International legal thought distinguishes between interests, which are two interests of the state, the first of which is subjective and the second of which is objective. This distinction appears clearly in the texts of international agreements and treaties in which the objective nature is highlighted, as stated in the United Nations Charter, from its preamble to its scattered objective texts related to the preservation of international peace and security, to be set in other forms, including human rights and international humanitarian law. Today, public international law makes the violation of international obligations a basis for responsibility, whether those essential obligations …

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The Proper Law Of Contract In English Law, Muna Naeem Jaaz Feb 2025

The Proper Law Of Contract In English Law, Muna Naeem Jaaz

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

One of the undisputed rules in English law is that the law applicable to contractual obligations is The proper law for the contract, as it is the one that dominates or governs contractual issues. English law emphasizes the necessity of not adopting rigid solutions that apply in a blind and mechanical way to all cases in which A conflict arises between the laws of different countries. Rather, the rules of conflict must be formulated in a flexible and realistic manner that takes into account the circumstances surrounding the issue presented before the judge. The proper law for the contract is …

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International Legal Protection For Human Rights Defenders, Nibras Ibrahim Muslim Feb 2025

International Legal Protection For Human Rights Defenders, Nibras Ibrahim Muslim

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Although the vast majority of countries today recognize human rights and fundamental freedoms and stipulate them in their constitutions and laws, the problem of respecting and protecting these rights remains in terms of application, and requires many mechanisms and guarantees that guarantee that respect, especially since the violation or preservation of those rights has begun to decline in the past. Most countries, especially those that are considered developing countries, do not, for the most part, respect the foundations of democracy, freedom, and equality, which has constituted an incentive for many individuals and active elites in society to work to defend …

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Criminal Responsibilities Arising From Artificial Intelligence Crimes, Sahar Fouad Majeed Al-Najjar Feb 2025

Criminal Responsibilities Arising From Artificial Intelligence Crimes, Sahar Fouad Majeed Al-Najjar

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The digital revolution that emerged in the twentieth century had a radical impact on various aspects of life, especially in the economic industry, which included three forms (Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, and Big Data. With regard to artificial intelligence, it was discovered in the mid-fifties of the last century, and its real birth was at the conference organized in the United States of America by the scientists John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky. Over the years, artificial intelligence techniques have developed rapidly until some applications have reached the ability to self-learn from the situations that they encounter and …

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Naturalization By Investment Iraqis And Turkish Citizenship Law, Mustafa Salem Abed, Shahad Abd Al Samad Oraib Feb 2025

Naturalization By Investment Iraqis And Turkish Citizenship Law, Mustafa Salem Abed, Shahad Abd Al Samad Oraib

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Some countries develop special programs known as citizenship by investment or residency by investment programs. Thus, residency is often the first step that paves the way for the acquisition of citizenship in these countries by granting citizenship to foreigners who wish to invest certain amounts in the development of their economy or donate to the national treasury or provide other services that the state deems appropriate to achieve its overall objectives, and this is one of the manifestations of the exclusive powers of the state in matters of citizenship through the use of its discretionary power in choosing the appropriate …

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The Crime Of Family Neglect, Anas Mahmood K, Esraa Younis Hadi Feb 2025

The Crime Of Family Neglect, Anas Mahmood K, Esraa Younis Hadi

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

The family is the natural cell of society, and it has the right to enjoy the protection of the state, and therefore all legislation is keen to protect it from any violation of its security and tranquility. Family neglect is a widespread phenomenon in all Arab and Western societies as well, as it threatens the entity of the family in particular and society in general, as it has Serious effects on the wife and children, especially since they are the vulnerable group that society has allocated for special treatment within the framework of criminal legislation, which was confirmed through the …

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Legal Regulation Of Care Labour, Saba Noaman Rasheed Feb 2025

Legal Regulation Of Care Labour, Saba Noaman Rasheed

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Old and relatively modern ideologies characterized by a radical (masculine) orientation have prompted civil social institutions and international organizations to pay attention, almost exaggeratedly, to the type of work that takes place in secret from the conventional systems of work and which is often surrounded by the walls of the narrow family and community space, which It is often shrouded in mystery, apart from work monitored by the state or what the state itself turns a blind eye to (care work), whether it is paid or unpaid. This hidden work has led to the loss of many of its workers …

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Compulsory Licensing Of Pharmaceutical Patents In Accordance With An International Perspective, Rana Salam Amana, Fouad Jabbar Ati Feb 2025

Compulsory Licensing Of Pharmaceutical Patents In Accordance With An International Perspective, Rana Salam Amana, Fouad Jabbar Ati

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Compulsory licenses were created to confront the abuse of the patent owner in its use or failure to license others to use it, which harms society as a whole. The case of compulsory licensing regarding medicines came to protect public health and, consequently, to protect the public interest of the country. The importance of the pharmaceutical industry in the world and its effective role in influencing cannot be denied. On public health, which directly or indirectly achieves the security of countries and the development of their future, the penalty of expropriation of the patent was the good penalty resulting from …

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