Digital Commons Network^™

Urban Planning And Land Development, Mouloud Belayachi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Morocco, like other developing countries, continues to experience significant demographic growth with an average annual increase of 2.6% between 1971 and 1982. Urban growth is even stronger at 4.4% annually due to continuous migration. The urbanization rate rose from 29% in 1960 to 43% in 1982, representing 8.7 million urban inhabitants compared to 11.7 million rural inhabitants. The high growth rate of urban population between 1971 and 1982 will lead to a population volume two to three times current levels by the year 2000, despite accounting for progressive decreases in migration and natural growth rates. To satisfy the needs of …

Urban Evolution And Legal Stability: Immovable Property Law Put To The Test By Urbanization, Hervé Parcheminal

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The Moroccan landscape is rapidly transforming under the repeated assaults of galloping urbanization. This phenomenon, accelerated by socio-economic changes, has reached spectacular proportions as illustrated by the new faces of the Kingdom's major cities. Urban planners and architects are renewing and often disrupting the configuration of urban sites. Cities now extend both in surface area, gradually absorbing agricultural land, and in height, raising buildings ever higher. Faced with these transformations, the legal landscape is also evolving. Immovable property rights are shaken by an Administration that finds in urban planning and construction regulations indispensable instruments for a coherent urban policy. Territorial …

The Urban Planner And Legal Constraints Arising From The Land System, M'Hamed Motik

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Industrialization, demographic explosion, rural exodus, and changing lifestyles have resulted in intense urbanization of Moroccan cities and centers. This phenomenon has produced a housing crisis fueling rampant land speculation, driving up property prices for sale and rental, while also generating insalubrious neighborhoods surrounding major agglomerations. The urban planner faces inextricable problems, forced to fight on multiple fronts to provide humans with a living environment adapted to their nature. Urban planning aims to understand the urban phenomenon as a whole, remedy its ills, and rationally activate its future. The fundamental question is whether Morocco's land system allows the urban planner to …

Powers Of The National Land Agency In Land, Urban Planning, And Development Matters, Mohamed Adnane

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The National Land Agency's powers are defined by Prime Ministerial Circular No. 338/C of August 26, 1982. Its responsibilities include collecting, preserving, and disseminating information on unbuilt land belonging to the State (public and private domains), public habous, Guich lands, and local and ethnic communities located within urban perimeters and peripheral zones. The Agency also establishes orientation plans for municipalities, autonomous centers, delimited centers, and their peripheral zones in collaboration with the Ministry of the Interior through a preparatory commission chaired by the Agency. Additionally, it participates in various interministerial commissions on urban, industrial, tourism, and land development, and collaborates …

Legal Infringements On Immovable Property In The Moroccan Penal Code, François Paul Blanc

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The 1962 Moroccan Penal Code establishes various norms to protect immovable property. The majority of provisions, derived from French criminal law, focus on the material protection of real estate. However, the legal protection of immovable property follows specific norms unique to Moroccan criminal law. Article 606, paragraph 1, creates the offense of "breaking enclosures and removing boundary markers" — an offense no longer existing in French law. Article 570, derived from Maliki law, presents even greater originality. The former penalizes acts such as filling ditches, destroying fences, cutting hedges, and displacing or removing boundary markers. These provisions reflect the integration …

Registration Of Agreements Relating To Sales Of Buildings To Be Constructed, Khalid Lyazidi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Sales of buildings to be constructed are increasingly common transactions offering advantages to all parties and serving the general interest. For developers, such transactions increase financial resources and generate substantial profits. Buyers can invest savings early and acquire housing upon completion. These sales stimulate savings and contribute to real estate development. However, legal problems persist due to the nature of these agreements, affecting buyer protection mechanisms. The main issue concerns the legal nature of these conventions: parties often fail to appreciate the scope of their rights and obligations. A brief examination shows that despite being labeled as a "compromise sale" …

The Commercial Nature Of Land Speculation And Its Impact On The Investment Of Commercial Assets, Ahmed Choukri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

In ancient times, real estate trade was insignificant: land was abundant, populations small, ambitions modest, and cities were inherited like household goods. Today, the world has changed dramatically. Populations have grown from millions to billions, borders are enforced by navies and aircraft, and everything has become subject to consumption, investment, and auction. Land has become the "milking cow" while movable property is the "gentle lamb." Domestic real estate trade has expanded, and real estate has overtaken movable property. To understand the legal and factual situation of real estate trade, the author divides the topic into two sections: the position of …

The Real Estate Question In The Urban Environment Of Morocco, Asaad Abdemajid

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The land question in urban areas has come to occupy an important place in the human environment due to its impact on individual behavior. As a result of high demographic growth, intense rural migration, and consequent multiplied urban growth, the land question now arises in its holistic human dimension. It is not limited to the legal land system and its relationship with the individual or family occupying it, but extends to the broader framework of city dwellers' lives in their social and psychological reality. The urban land question involves multiple variables requiring the combined efforts of legal experts, economists, financiers, …

On The New Real Estate Investment Law, Mohamed Chaabi El Madkouri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Morocco is experiencing significant urban development as all urban and rural centers face continuous expansion due to massive demographic growth, leading to increased housing needs. Official statistics indicate that Morocco will need 3 million new housing units by the year 2000, requiring the construction of 200,000 units annually. Urbanization, demographic shifts, and intensive migration to cities have created chaos in urban planning, fueled land speculation, and led to the spread of clandestine construction and shantytowns. The state makes continuous efforts to meet housing needs by acquiring serviced land through the National Fund for Land Acquisition and Development, financed by citizen …

Obstacles Posed By Real Estate To Urban Development And Attempts To Overcome Them, Mohamed El Wakari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The land question has become central to any development project, whether rural or urban, due to its legal, economic, and socio-political dimensions. In urban areas, land serves as the locus of development but faces multiple obstacles. Demographic growth, rural exodus, housing needs, land availability for construction, and rampant speculation have created an imbalance in land supply and demand. This situation has exacerbated related problems such as clandestine buildings, shantytowns, lack of sanitation and basic infrastructure, leading to chaotic urbanization. Consequently, public authorities must intervene to curb the uncontrolled growth of cities and establish rational land management.

Urban Planning Documents: Between Theory And Practice, Abderrahmane Bakrioui

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This contribution explores the dialectical relationship between land policy and the success or failure of urban planning (aménagement). Urban planning can fail to achieve organized, rational urban development for several reasons. These include the misalignment or inadequacy of legal rules in framing social phenomena and keeping pace with socio-economic change, as well as a lack of material and human resources available to administrative bodies responsible for implementing planning policies since the 1976 communal reform. Urban planning and city design documents are numerous and diverse. Some are governed by legal rules whose effectiveness is now questionable, while others remain experimental and …

Expropriation For Public Utility Purposes Under The Provisions Of The New Law, Mohamed El Kechir

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Public authorities need real estate to manage public utilities. While the state's properties are subject to a special legal regime, the administration typically acquires land through ordinary methods, acting as a private individual under private law rules. However, when such ordinary acquisition proves impossible, the legislator allows the state to resort to expropriation for public utility purposes to avoid paralysis of state activities. The Moroccan Parliament has approved a new law on expropriation for public utility, which updates and governs this exceptional power. This text introduces the legal framework balancing public infrastructure needs with private property rights.

On The Third Paragraph Of Article 10 Of The Dahir Of November 16, 1946, Relating To Ownership Of Apartments, Abdelkader Azkri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the legal ambiguity in Article 10 of the 1946 Dahir on apartment ownership. It questions whether the union manager's duty to preserve, maintain, clean, and repair common areas creates an overlap between the general assembly's decision-making authority and the manager's executive functions. While the assembly typically manages both routine and non-routine matters, the author argues that in exceptional cases, the manager may exercise both decision-making and executive powers under the initiative authority granted by the third paragraph of Article 10. This dual role raises two specific legal problems regarding the proper allocation of responsibilities.

Space And Protection Of Property Rights: A Comparison Between The Ordinary And Registered Land Systems, Al Montassir El Daoudi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article highlights the critical relationship between Moroccans and their land, where attachment can sometimes lead to extreme behaviors, complicating real estate transactions. The author refers to previous key symposia, including a 1978 Ministry of Justice conference on land problems and the 1983 National Days on Land Registration organized by the Land Conservation Directorate. These meetings aimed to unify judicial precedents, accelerate dispute resolution, and simplify registration procedures to encourage citizens to register their properties. The discussion contrasts the ordinary land system with the registered (conservative) system, emphasizing the need to protect property rights while addressing practical and legal obstacles …

Contracting In The Real Estate Field, Mohamed Kheiri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines why real estate contracting was chosen as a key topic, as it concerns all current and future participants in the property sector, involving both registered and unregistered lands. The author argues that this subject lies at the heart of problems faced by judges, public authorities, and citizens. While most global property systems require notarized formal contracts to ensure legal compliance and prevent disputes, the Moroccan legislator has departed from this principle. Moroccan law grants contracting parties the freedom to choose any form—official or informal—despite the substantial legal differences between them. This flexibility raises concerns about legal security …

Issues Arising From Land Registration And Their Impact On Real Estate Development And Urban Planning, Rachid El Iraki

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

While land registration under the Moroccan system (established August 12, 1913) enhances property security and stabilizes ownership rights, it suffers from significant flaws. These include rigid deadlines, fragmented procedures, excessive authority granted to the registrar, and the absolute weight of registered entries. Notably, the system rejects acquisitive prescription (adverse possession) for registered lands and creates confusion over the concept of “possession” (ḥawz), particularly under Islamic legal principles concerning donations. These formal and substantive defects hinder real estate revitalization and urban development, demanding urgent reform to balance legal certainty with practical flexibility.

Introductory Report On Land Regime, Urban Planning, And Property Development, Mohamed Drissi Alami

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The intersection of land tenure, urban planning, and property development demands critical examination due to their common denominator: real estate. Properties must undergo essential transformations to comply with global development planning, urban organization, and social policies aimed at resolving the housing crisis. Land and buildings cannot continue to obey a status similar to movable or intangible assets. Abstract legal reasoning fails to address the integration of legal, political, economic, social, and cultural factors. Property law requires revision accounting for urban planning necessities and property development manifestations. Current legislative concerns lack conviction for fundamental reorientation. The governing concept of property remains …

An Exploration Of The Experiences Of Black Women College Leaders: Reflections On Support, Amplifiers, Barriers, And Success As Leaders In Higher Education, Katherine L. Acevedo

Student Theses

Black women have had to deal with the “double jeopardy” of race and gender in higher education for centuries (Khosroshahi, 2021). This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Black women serving in senior-level leadership roles within institutions of higher education (IHEs) in New York State. Utilizing aspects of phenomenological methodology informed by Black Feminist Thought (BFT) (Collins, 1989, 2000, 2022), this study amplifies the voices of Black women senior-level leaders, centering their narratives to understand how race and gender shape their professional journeys, challenges, and strategies for success. Ten participants, all self-identified Black women with at least 3 years …

Flying The Friendly Skies, One Hotty Toddy At A Time, Marisa C. Atkinson

University of Mississippi News

OXFORD, Miss. – If you know where to look, there are secret Ole Miss spirit messages written over north Mississippi, all thanks to University of Mississippi alumnus and pilot Joshua Gregory.

Donor's Spirit Is Red, Blue And Generations Deep, Bill Dabney

University of Mississippi News

OXFORD, Miss. – For Ali Pearson Lovett, the University of Mississippi is more than just an institution of higher learning. It has been a legacy, woven into family history, shaped by tradition and passed down through generations long before she ever understood what it meant to bleed red and blue.

Trans-Regulation Of Heterochromatin Underlies Genetic Variation In 3d Genome Contacts In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells., Haley J Fortin, Anna Z Struba, Arad Bustan, Christopher L. Baker

Faculty Research 2026

BACKGROUND: Genetic variation drives phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility. Trans-acting genetic variation coordinates genome-wide chromatin changes, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this distal regulation remain unclear. Here, we use the power of mouse genetics to investigate how genetic variation at trans-acting loci regulates three-dimensional (3D) chromatin interactions.

RESULTS: Using HiChIP to map chromatin contacts among regulatory elements in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we identify 4,962 strain-differential interactions. Of these, 71% overlap chromatin accessibility quantitative trait loci (QTL), establishing that interaction variation is predominantly heritable. These differential interactions show coordinated changes in chromatin state and gene expression, with …

Hypothesis: Ai Changes Everything—Findings From The Elite Lab, Shara W. Gonzalez

Teaching & Learning with AI

This presentation outlines an experimental, faculty-centered approach to integrating AI into teaching and learning at Miami Herbert Business School. Grounded in a strategic goal to deliver personalized, technology-enhanced education by 2029, it presents a framework built on lowering barriers to faculty adoption through targeted entry points, hands-on workshops, pilot programs, and iterative experimentation. The work emphasizes supporting instructors across varying levels of readiness, using data collection (e.g., faculty engagement and survey feedback) to inform continuous improvement. Findings suggest that structured support and experimentation can increase AI integration in course design and better prepare students for AI-influenced professional environments.

The Neuroprotective Effect Of Cdc42 Inhibition In The G93a Mutant Hsod1 Mouse Model Of Als, Andrea Koly

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degeneration, paralysis, and eventual death due to respiratory failure. Despite extensive research, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited, underscoring the need to identify novel molecular targets involved in ALS pathogenesis. Dysregulation of Rho family GTPases has been implicated in neurodegeneration, with Rac and Rho exerting opposing effects on neuronal survival; however, the role of the closely related GTPase Cdc42 remains poorly understood in ALS. In this study, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting …

Semantic Directing: A Human-Ai Workflow For Interative Virtual Cinematography, Lejie Liu

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

This thesis presents AI Director, a Unity-based prototype for semantic directing in virtual cinematography. The system enables creators to describe cinematic intent in natural language, receive editable shot-strategy plans generated by a large language model, and refine specific shots through text and visual references. By separating semantic planning from deterministic camera execution, the workflow keeps user authorship centered on shot intent while making the resulting camera plans inspectable, editable, and executable in real time. This work explores semantic directing as a human-AI workflow for iterative cinematic authoring in dynamic 3D scenes.

Representasi Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Film Berbahasa Jerman Ich Bin Dein Mensch, Jovita Syahyananda, Desti Nur Aini

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This study aims to describe the representation of character education dimensions, namely knowing the good, loving the good, and doing the good, in the German-language film Ich bin dein Mensch, as well as its implications for German language learning. This research employed a qualitative method using interpretative content analysis of dialogues and scenes in the film that represent the relationship between humans and artificial intelligence. The findings show that the dimension of knowing the good is reflected in the characters’ moral awareness in understanding the boundaries of human relationships with technology. The dimension of loving the good appears through emotional …

Policy Solutions In The Ev Battery Supply Chain Addressing Unethical Social And Environmental Practices, Mateo Mazariego-Halpern

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

California should adopt a phased supply chain accountability framework for electric vehicles sold in the state, combining the immediate implementation of a voluntary Fair Trade Decal program with the mandatory adoption of COFFEE (Corporate Operations Free From Environmental Evil) Standards based on CAFÉ standards, by 2035. This thesis identifies a critical gap in U.S. EV policy: current federal legislation regulates where batteries are sourced but not how cleanly or ethically they are produced. The consequences of this regulatory gap are severe, with emissions simply shifting further down the supply chain rather than being eliminated, child labor and indigenous displacement going …

Mothers’ Childhood Maltreatment And Developmentally Appropriate Attributions Of 12-Month-Old Infants, Katelyn M. Lamberton

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

This study examined associations between developmentally appropriate attributions (DAAs), an understudied construct, with maternal history of childhood maltreatment and maternal reflective functioning (RF) with their 12-month-old infants. The study examined if 1) DAAs at 12 months were concurrently associated with parental RF at 12 months for construct validity, and 2) higher levels of maternal childhood maltreatment were associated with lower DAAs for predictive validity. Participants were 156 mothers (40.0% White, 25.5% Latinx, 14.9% Black, 5.5% Asian, 2.1% Native-American, 12.0% biracial/multiracial) and their 12- to 15-month infants. Childhood maltreatment and RF were assessed by parental self-report at three-months and 12-months postpartum …

Mild At The Bedside, Critical In The Laboratory: Adrenal Crisis With Severe Hyperkalemia Despite Reassuring Initial Bedside And Electrocardiographic Findings, Nathan Fletcher, Mitali Roy

Advocate GME

Background: Adrenal crisis is a time-sensitive endocrine emergency in which the severity of illness may be underrecognized early in the course. When bedside assessment underestimates biochemical severity, diagnosis and treatment may be delayed. This discordance may occur even in patients with known primary adrenal insufficiency. Clinical Case: A 32-year-old woman with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (primary adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune hypothyroidism), and chronic kidney disease presented with 12 to 16 hours of fatigue, dyspnea, anorexia, weakness, and impaired ambulation despite doubling her home oral hydrocortisone after recognizing symptoms similar to prior crises requiring admission. On …

The Contentious Politics Of Abortion: Understanding The Black Protests And Women’S Strikes In Poland, Taubie Sanders

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

In 1993, the Polish Parliament, the Sejm, passed a law called ‘The Abortion Compromise’ permitting abortion only in cases when there is a serious threat to the life or health of the woman, pregnancy is the result of a crime, or prenatal tests show the fetus to be severely or incurably damaged. The current abortion laws in Poland are the most restrictive in all of Europe. Poland’s abortion laws have undergone much contestation in recent years. In 2016, the Black Protests erupted across the country in opposition to a proposed total ban on abortion. In 2020, the Women’s Strikes commenced …

A Folk Taxonomy Of Magic, Gustav Kuhn, Cyril Thomas, Griffiths Thomas

School of Psychology

Magic tricks provide a uniquely powerful window onto the boundaries of what people consider possible, and the ways in which those boundaries can be challenged. Although there exists an effectively infinite variety of magic tricks, relatively little is known about how different magical effects relate to one another at a psychological level. Previous attempts to classify magic have largely relied on the judgments of a small number of expert magicians, rather than capturing people’s intuitive understanding of magical phenomena. Here, we introduce a new multi-dimensional taxonomy of magic that treats the observable effect (e.g., an object vanishing) and the attributed …