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Recalibrational Emotions And The Regulation Of Trust-Based Behaviors, Eric Schniter, Timothy W. Shields Jan 2013

Recalibrational Emotions And The Regulation Of Trust-Based Behaviors, Eric Schniter, Timothy W. Shields

ESI Working Papers

Though individuals differ in the degree to which they are predisposed to trust or act trustworthy, we theorize that trust-based behaviors are universally determined by the calibration of conflicting short- and long-sighted behavior regulation programs, and that these programs are calibrated by emotions experienced personally and interpersonally. In this chapter we review both the main-stream and evolutionary theories of emotions that philosophers, psychologists, and behavioral economists have based their work on and which can inform our understanding of trust-based behavior regulation. The standard paradigm for understanding emotions is based on mapping their positive and negative affect valence. While Valence Models …

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Shape Homogeneity And Scale Heterogeneity Of Downside Tail Risk, Kyle Moore, Pengfei Sun, Casper De Vries, Chen Zhou Jan 2013

Shape Homogeneity And Scale Heterogeneity Of Downside Tail Risk, Kyle Moore, Pengfei Sun, Casper De Vries, Chen Zhou

ESI Working Papers

We analyze the cross-sectional di erences in the tail risk of equity returns and identify the drivers of tail risk. We provide two statistical procedures to test the hypothesis of cross-sectional downside tail shape homogeneity. An empirical study of 230 US non- nancial rms shows that between 2008 and 2011 the cross-sectional tail shape is homogeneous across equity returns. The heterogeneity in tail risk over this period can be entirely attributed to di erences in scale. The di erences in scales are driven by the following rm characteristics: market beta, size, book-to- market ratio, leverage and bid-ask spread.

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Commitment Problems In Conflict Resolution, Erik O. Kimbrough, Jared Rubin, Roman M. Sheremeta, Timothy W. Shields Jan 2013

Commitment Problems In Conflict Resolution, Erik O. Kimbrough, Jared Rubin, Roman M. Sheremeta, Timothy W. Shields

ESI Working Papers

Commitment problems are inherent to non-binding conflict resolution mechanisms, since an unsatisfied party can ignore the resolution and initiate conflict. We provide experimental evidence suggesting that even in the absence of binding contractual agreements individuals often avoid conflict by committing to the outcome of a conflict resolution mechanism. Commitment problems are mitigated to a greater extent for groups who opt-in to the conflict resolution mechanism, but only when opting-in is costly. Although conflict rates are higher when opting-in is costly than when it is free or exogenously imposed, commitment problems are greatly reduced amongst those groups who choose to opt-in.

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The All-Pay Auction With Complete Information And Identity-Dependent Externalities, Bettina Klose, Dan Kovenock Jan 2013

The All-Pay Auction With Complete Information And Identity-Dependent Externalities, Bettina Klose, Dan Kovenock

ESI Working Papers

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of equilibria with only two active players in the all-pay auction with complete information and identity-dependent externalities. This condition shows that the generic equilibrium of the standard all-pay auction is robust to the introduction of "small" identity-dependent externalities. In general, however, the presence of identity-dependent externalities invalidates well-established qualitative results concerning the set of equilibria of the first-price all-pay auction with complete information. With identity-dependent externalities equilibria are generally not payoff equivalent, and identical players may earn different payoffs in equilibrium. These observations show that Siegel’s (2009) results characterizing the …

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Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio Has A Non-Monotonic Impact On Altruism, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Jaromir Kovarik, Levent Neyse Jan 2013

Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio Has A Non-Monotonic Impact On Altruism, Pablo Brañas-Garza, Jaromir Kovarik, Levent Neyse

ESI Working Papers

Gene-culture co-evolution emphasizes the joint role of culture and genes for the emergence of altruistic and cooperative behaviors and behav- ioral genetics provides estimates of their relative importance. However, these approaches cannot assess which biological traits determine altruism or how. We analyze the association between altruism in adults and the exposure to prenatal sex hormones, using the second-to-fourth digit ratio. We nd an inverted U-shaped relation for left and right hands, which is very consistent for men and less systematic for women. Subjects with both high and low digit ratios give less than individuals with intermediate digit ratios. We repeat …

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Divided Loyalties Or Conditional Cooperation? An Experimental Study Of Contributions To Multiple Public Goods, Matthew W. Mccarter, Anya C. Samak, Roman M. Sheremeta Jan 2013

Divided Loyalties Or Conditional Cooperation? An Experimental Study Of Contributions To Multiple Public Goods, Matthew W. Mccarter, Anya C. Samak, Roman M. Sheremeta

ESI Working Papers

It is common in organizational life to be simultaneously involved in multiple collective actions. These collective actions may be modeled using public good dilemmas. The developing social dilemma literature has two perspectives – the “divided loyalties” and “conditional cooperation” perspectives – that give opposite predictions about how individuals will behave when they simultaneously play two identical public good games. The current paper creates consensus between these social dilemma perspectives by examining cooperative behavior of participants interacting in two public good games with either different or the same group members. In each round, individuals have a common budget constraint across the …

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The Impact Of Competition On Prices With Numerous Firms, Xavier Gabaix, David Laibson, Deyuan Li, Hongyi Li Jan 2013

The Impact Of Competition On Prices With Numerous Firms, Xavier Gabaix, David Laibson, Deyuan Li, Hongyi Li

ESI Working Papers

We use extreme value theory (EVT) to develop insights about price theory. Our analysis reveals detail-independent equilibrium properties that characterize a large family of models. We derive a formula relating equilibrium prices to the level of competition. When the number of rms is large, markups are proportional to 1= (nF' [F^-1 (1- 1/n)], where F is the random utility noise distribution and n is the number of rms. This implies prices are pinned down by the tail properties of the noise distribution and that prices are independent of many other institutional details. The elasticity of the markup with respect to …

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Three-Player Trust Game With Insider Communication, Roman M. Sheremeta, Jingjing Zhang Jan 2013

Three-Player Trust Game With Insider Communication, Roman M. Sheremeta, Jingjing Zhang

ESI Working Papers

We examine behavior in a three-player trust game in which the first player may invest in the second and the second may invest in the third. Any amount sent from one player to the next is tripled. The third player decides the final allocation among three players. The baseline treatment with no communication shows that the first and second players send significant amounts and the third player reciprocates. Allowing insider communication between the second and the third players increases cooperation between these two. Interestingly, there is an external effect of insider communication: the first player who is outside communication sends …

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You Can’T Put Old Wine In New Bottles: The Effect Of Newcomers On Coordination In Groups, Matthew W. Mccarter, Roman M. Sheremeta Jan 2013

You Can’T Put Old Wine In New Bottles: The Effect Of Newcomers On Coordination In Groups, Matthew W. Mccarter, Roman M. Sheremeta

ESI Working Papers

A common finding in social sciences is that member change hinders group functioning and performance. However, questions remain as to why member change negatively affects group performance and what are some ways to alleviate the negative effects of member change on performance? To answer these questions we conduct an experiment in which we investigate the effect of newcomers on a group’s ability to coordinate efficiently. Participants play a coordination game in a four-person group for the first part of the experiment, and then two members of the group are replaced with new participants, and the newly formed group plays the …

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Peer Pressure And Moral Hazard In Teams: Experimental Evidence, Brice Corgnet, Roberto Hérnan-Gonzalez, Stephen Rassenti Jan 2013

Peer Pressure And Moral Hazard In Teams: Experimental Evidence, Brice Corgnet, Roberto Hérnan-Gonzalez, Stephen Rassenti

ESI Working Papers

Holmström (1982) established that free riding behaviors are pervasive whenever people are paid according to aggregate measures of output such as team incentives. However, team incentives have been found to be particularly effective both in the lab and in the field. In this paper we show, in line with Holmström (1982), that shirking behaviors in teams are indeed pervasive. Production levels were significantly lower under team incentives than under individual incentives while the time dedicated to on-the-job leisure activities (Internet usage) was significantly larger under team incentives than under individual incentives. Subsequently, we find that a very weak form of …

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Profiles Of Selected Mormon Actors, J. Michael Hunter Jan 2013

Profiles Of Selected Mormon Actors, J. Michael Hunter

Faculty Publications

“Profiles of Selected Mormon Actors” provides brief profiles of over 80 Mormon actors and actresses, including some biographical information and career highlights. This chapter appears in the first volume of Mormons and Popular Culture: The Global Influence of an American Phenomenon (Praeger 2013), a comprehensive treatment of Mormons and popular culture, providing an introduction and wide-ranging overview of the topic.

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Video Self-Modeling On An Ipad To Teach Functional Math Skills To Adolescents With Autism And Intellectual Disability, Cami Elizabeth Burton, Darlene Anderson, Mary Anne Prater, Tina Taylor Jan 2013

Video Self-Modeling On An Ipad To Teach Functional Math Skills To Adolescents With Autism And Intellectual Disability, Cami Elizabeth Burton, Darlene Anderson, Mary Anne Prater, Tina Taylor

Faculty Publications

Research suggests that video-based interventions can provide increased opportunity for students with disabilities to acquire important academic and functional skills; however, little research exists regarding video-based interventions on the academic skills of students with autism and intellectual disabilities. The current study used a multiple baseline design across participants to investigate the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) on the mathematics skill acquisition of adolescents with autism. Four adolescent male students viewed videos of themselves on an iPad solving mathematical problems to estimate the amount of money used to pay for a given item and the amount to receive in change. Findings …

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Assessing Correlations Between Lingual Movements And Formants, Christopher Dromey, Gwi-Ok Jang, Kristi Hollis Jan 2013

Assessing Correlations Between Lingual Movements And Formants, Christopher Dromey, Gwi-Ok Jang, Kristi Hollis

Faculty Publications

First and second formant histories have been used in studies of both normal and disordered speech to indirectly measure the activity of the vocal tract. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which formant measures are reflective of lingual movements during diphthong production. Twenty native speakers of American English from the western United States produced four diphthongs in a sentence context while tongue movement was measured with a magnetic tracking system. Correlations were computed between the vertical tongue movements and the first formant, as well as between the anteroposterior movements and the second formant during …

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The Nature Of International Cross-Cultural Experiences As Articulated By U. S. Secondary Teachers, Kirsten A. Barnes Jan 2013

The Nature Of International Cross-Cultural Experiences As Articulated By U. S. Secondary Teachers, Kirsten A. Barnes

Doctor of Education (EdD)

The purpose of this microethnographic qualitative study was to explore the nature of international cross-cultural travel experiences as articulated by U.S. secondary teachers, through in-depth personal interviews and personal self-reflections. The purposive sample included eight licensed secondary teachers from a rural high school in the Willamette Valley in Oregon, who had traveled internationally with each having more than 16 years of teaching experience. Through the two interviews and reflective journal entries of each participant, I explored the nature of international cross-cultural travel experiences: (1) how did participants describe their international cross-cultural travel experiences (2) what did international cross-cultural travel experiences …

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Hearing The Voices Of Those Who Are Educating For Shalom: What They Are Saying About Institutional Vision, Missional Goals, And Educational Models, Patricia R. Harris Jan 2013

Hearing The Voices Of Those Who Are Educating For Shalom: What They Are Saying About Institutional Vision, Missional Goals, And Educational Models, Patricia R. Harris

Doctor of Education (EdD)

For the past 30 years, philosopher and educator, Nicholas Wolterstorff, has been speaking and writing about the multi-faceted, biblical idea of shalom and the phrase, educating for shalom. This study describes and analyzes the content of more than 100 voices of Christian higher educators who have written about the idea of educating for shalom as it refers to institutional vision, missional goals, and educational models. Within the context of this study, Wolterstorff's ideas about educating for shalom frame these educators' ideas in Chapter 3, as a summary of his ideas from his writings and speeches are presented in Chapter 2, …

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Examining The Career Experiences Among Oregon Female School Superintendents, Heather Hutchinson Cordie Jan 2013

Examining The Career Experiences Among Oregon Female School Superintendents, Heather Hutchinson Cordie

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Despite representing the majority of the teaching ranks in our K-12 public school systems, women continue to be underrepresented in the position of K-12 superintendent. Women make-up approximately 65% of the educational workforce, yet they only fill about 14% of the superintendent positions (Brunner, 2000). Research indicates that women experience different career paths from their male counterparts, their opportunities to benefit from mentors and other, formal/informal support structures are quite different, and the definition and description of their role varies considerably as the ascend to the role of superintendent. This study explores the experiences of four women who serve as …

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A Study Of The Faith Experiences Of Concordia University Wisconsin Lutheran Education Trained Teachers In Public Education, Adam D. Paape Jan 2013

A Study Of The Faith Experiences Of Concordia University Wisconsin Lutheran Education Trained Teachers In Public Education, Adam D. Paape

Doctor of Education (EdD)

In this study of Concordia University Wisconsin (CUW), Lutheran Church -- Missouri Synod (LCMS) education graduates teaching in public education, I examined the following research questions: Do the participants identify challenges in living faithfully in public school settings? How have the participants made it possible to express their faith in public school settings? How has the faith of the participants grown as a result of serving in public school settings? How have the participants nurtured faith in others as they have served in public school settings? CUW and the LCMS trained the participants in this study to be teachers within …

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The Effects Of Exercise Participation On Cognition In Adults, Marisa L. Hastie Jan 2013

The Effects Of Exercise Participation On Cognition In Adults, Marisa L. Hastie

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Current research supports that regular participation in exercise not only benefits physical fitness parameters, but also that there are multiple beneficial effects on cognition and brain health. Few studies have been conducted on adults and many lack the specifics of the exercise prescription needed in order to elicit improvements in cognition. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the different dimensions of physical fitness and cognitive improvements. Thirty-seven adults enrolled at a northwest community college were recruited for this study. Participants were divided amongst three exercise treatment groups: cardiovascular training (CVT), strength training (ST), and mixed …

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The Relationship Between The Nature Of Perceived Communication, Student Achievement And District Size, Rick Molitor Jan 2013

The Relationship Between The Nature Of Perceived Communication, Student Achievement And District Size, Rick Molitor

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This study examines the role communication plays in relationship to student achievement levels and the student enrollment of school districts. The following primary research question was examined: What is the relationship between high schools' staff's perception of positive communication between the district office and schools and levels of students meeting state reading/language arts and math assessment standards? The foundation of this study is based on the hypotheses that an increase in a staff's positive perception of two-way communication between their school and the central office will be associated with an increase in student achievement. Existing survey data (N = 3132) …

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Understanding The Motivations Of Teachers At High-Poverty Schools What Draws Them And How Do We Keep Them?, Julie Ann Owens Jan 2013

Understanding The Motivations Of Teachers At High-Poverty Schools What Draws Them And How Do We Keep Them?, Julie Ann Owens

Doctor of Education (EdD)

The purpose of this narrative qualitative study was to explore the motivation of teachers who enter the teaching profession and stay in the profession in a high-poverty, diverse, Title I school. This study involved interviews with a small sample of elementary teachers and included the use of personal self-reflections. Through purposive and snowball sampling, the researcher selected six licensed, elementary teachers from a school in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Each of these participants had more than three years of teaching experience in the identified setting. Through interviews with and reflective journal entries from each participant, this researcher explored three …

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Preparing School Administrators: An Exploratory Study Of How The Educational Leadership Constituent Council Standards Are Reflected In The Practices Of School Principals, Doris Springer Vickery Jan 2013

Preparing School Administrators: An Exploratory Study Of How The Educational Leadership Constituent Council Standards Are Reflected In The Practices Of School Principals, Doris Springer Vickery

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This qualitative study explored school administration preparation through the use of personal interviews and survey results from Oregon school administrators. The researcher interviewed five second-year principals in order to better understand students' perceived leadership preparation for the role of school principal. The Educational Leadership Constituent Council Building-level Standards (ELCC), adopted by the state of Oregon for administrative training, were used as a guide to analyze the content of the interviews and surveys. Findings include four themes: professional development, time in classrooms, school vision with collaboration, and effective school management. There was also strong alignment between the four themes and the …

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Preservice Teacher Perspectives On Field Experience, The Development Of Teacher Identity, And Professional Practice, Brian Kaelin Jan 2013

Preservice Teacher Perspectives On Field Experience, The Development Of Teacher Identity, And Professional Practice, Brian Kaelin

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This qualitative study examined the experiences of ten preservice teachers during the first semester of student teaching in Oregon public schools. The purpose of the research was to examine preservice teacher perspectives on how field service impacted professional identity development, instructional methods and the use of instructional technology. The results strongly suggest that field service contributed to the teachers' sense of professional identity. Field placement also largely determined the quality and nature student teaches' instructional practice, as well as the extent to which teachers were able to integrate technology. The study considered factors which influenced the nature and quality of …

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An Evaluation Of The Literacy Program At Garibaldi Grade School, Heather Thomas Jan 2013

An Evaluation Of The Literacy Program At Garibaldi Grade School, Heather Thomas

Doctor of Education (EdD)

In 2006, the Neah-Kah-Nie School District developed and, subsequently, implemented a comprehensive Literacy Program in the district's two elementary schools. This evaluation investigated the effects of the Literacy Program at Garibaldi Grade School focusing specifically on teachers' perceptions of the Literacy Program and the impact of the Literacy Program on student performance. The findings of this study suggest that student performance on both the DIBELS assessment and OAKS reading assessment did improve since the implementation of the Literacy Program. The researcher did note that student performance on the DIBELS assessment was much lower than that on the OAKS reading assessment. …

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Closeness And Conflict In Schools: Positive Behavioral Interventions And Supports (Pbis) And Teacher Perception Of Student Behavior And Student-Teacher Rapport, Christopher James Cochran Jan 2013

Closeness And Conflict In Schools: Positive Behavioral Interventions And Supports (Pbis) And Teacher Perception Of Student Behavior And Student-Teacher Rapport, Christopher James Cochran

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This study measured elementary teachers' perceptions regarding the fidelity to which PBIS has been implemented in their school, and the impact that PBIS has had on student behavior and student-teacher rapport. Participant responses (N=175) were analyzed using correlation, regression, t-test, and ANOVA. Demographic variables included teacher gender, current grade taught, Title I/non-Title I school placement, years of teaching experience, years of PBIS implementation, and teacher perception of PBIS implementation fidelity. The primary focus of this study was to compare teachers' perception of the impact PBIS has on student behavior and the impact PBIS has on student-teacher rapport. The study's primary …

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Examining The Journey And Experiences Of Females Who Become Oregon School Superintendents, Rachael George Jan 2013

Examining The Journey And Experiences Of Females Who Become Oregon School Superintendents, Rachael George

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This qualitative study explored the journey of female superintendents within the state of Oregon through the use of personal interviews, field notes, and researcher’s reflections. Six women currently serving in the capacity of superintendent were interviewed in order to better understand the opportunities and challenges females experienced during their journey to becoming a superintendent, as well as their experiences in the position. Findings included opportunities presented to them through their hard work and dedication, the challenge of balancing personal and professional lives, understanding the importance of holding true to personal values, and the encouragement of more women to pursue the …

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The Intersection Of Culture And Cognition: A Comparison Of Common Core State Standards Argumentative Writing Responses Of Elementary-Aged Hispanic/Latino And European-Origin White Students, Erin O'Hara-Rines Jan 2013

The Intersection Of Culture And Cognition: A Comparison Of Common Core State Standards Argumentative Writing Responses Of Elementary-Aged Hispanic/Latino And European-Origin White Students, Erin O'Hara-Rines

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This exploratory study employed statistical analysis and response excerpts to locate points of intersection between culture and cognition in a comparison of argumentative writing work samples of 74 Oregon fourth and fifth grade Hispanic/Latino and European-origin White students. Major findings indicated that Hispanic/Latino students more often 1) employed a diffuse, recursive organizational style that may be related to traditional features of Mexican discourse, 2) utilized elements of indirect language, a feature that has been associated with collectivist cultures, and 3) incorporated narrative elements, echoing a cultural mode for connection, while White students more often 1) evidenced use of a sequential, …

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Suppression Of Chemically Induced And Spontaneous Mouse Oocyte Activation By Amp-Activated Protein Kinase, Ru Ya, Stephen M. Downs Jan 2013

Suppression Of Chemically Induced And Spontaneous Mouse Oocyte Activation By Amp-Activated Protein Kinase, Ru Ya, Stephen M. Downs

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Oocyte activation is an important process triggered by fertilization that initiates embryonic development. However, parthenogenetic activation can occur either spontaneously or with chemical treatments. The LT/Sv mouse strain is genetically predisposed to spontaneous activation. LT oocytes have a cell cycle defect and are ovulated at the metaphase I stage instead of metaphase II. A thorough understanding of the female meiosis defects in this strain remains elusive. We have reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA) has an important role in stimulating meiotic resumption and promoting completion of meiosis I while suppressing premature parthenogenetic activation. Here we show that early activation of …

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Practitioner Countertransference And Evaluation Of Callous And Unemotional Trait Clients, Frances Keleher Braun Jan 2013

Practitioner Countertransference And Evaluation Of Callous And Unemotional Trait Clients, Frances Keleher Braun

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This on-line study evaluated whether the presence of callous and unemotional (CU) traits in a written case description affects practitioners’ countertransference (CT), appraisal of both global and specific client traits and other therapy-relevant variables. One hundred and fifty three mental health practitioners were randomly assigned to one of two groups: One group read a hypothetical case description of a client who did not present with CU traits (NCU Group) while the other group read the same case description as the NCU Group, but with the addition of CU traits (CU Group). The results demonstrated that the presence of CU traits …

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The Development Of Intimate Partner Relationships Among Men Sexually Abused As Children, Laura Beltran-Medina Jan 2013

The Development Of Intimate Partner Relationships Among Men Sexually Abused As Children, Laura Beltran-Medina

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This phenomenological study sought to understand the experience of seven men who came forward to contribute and discuss their intimate partner relationships for what relational intimacy could reveal about themselves, the meaning of intimate partnership, and their understanding of being in intimate relationships. The theoretical assumptions applied to this study are: (a) Childhood sexual abuse interferes with the ability to achieve deeper experiences of idealized love; (b) Negative effects of adult relational attachment are manifested in anxiety related to sexual intimacy, fear of emotional intimacy, and inability to fulfill dependency needs such as trust, love, and security; and (c) There …

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Meta-For, Vincent Mario Pignatiello Ii Jan 2013

Meta-For, Vincent Mario Pignatiello Ii

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

A clinician is entrusted with the difficult task of organizing, integrating, and formulating a vast amount of information provided by a patient in order to conduct therapy. Typically, a theoretical paradigm is employed in this endeavor. This paper constructs a theory of theoretical paradigms—a meta-theory—to understand better how clinicians organize and understand patient information. The theory of theory posits that theoretical paradigms function as complex metaphors developed within a culture. The argument presented here utilizes research from various areas of psychology—including those focusing on cognitive research, psycholinguistics, and philosophy of theory—to develop the meta-theory. The central thesis of this research …

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