Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 201541 - 201570 of 5161634

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton Apr 2025

Assessing The Impact Of Youth Sport Participation On Social Anxiety Levels Among Adolescents Ages 9-13, Caleb Weissinger, Alexandria Moore, Jonathan Edwards, Matthew Alcantar, Nathan Hamilton

Liberty University Research Week

This quantitative research proposal is designed to discover and observe any effects on the social anxiety and wellbeing of adolescents from ages 9-13 based on participation in youth sport. According to the authors of the article “What to Know About Youth Anxiety,” recent years have seen a significant rise in rates of social anxiety in this age group. The research is aimed to find out if there is correlation between the rise in youth social anxiety and the positive and negative effects that result from participating in youth sport. This study will require randomly selecting children, both male and female, …

Go to article

Resiliency And The Effect On Recovery Time In The Athletes Affected By Sport-Related Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic, Megan Dombrowski Apr 2025

Resiliency And The Effect On Recovery Time In The Athletes Affected By Sport-Related Concussion: A Critically Appraised Topic, Megan Dombrowski

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical scenario: Mental health has been shown to have a direct correlation to the physical well-being and performance of athletes. Resiliency is a newer psychological construct that assesses one’s ability to “bounce back” from adversity. Focused Clinical Question: Do resiliency scores correlate to the recovery/return to play time of sports-related concussions in adolescent/young adult athletes? Summary of Key Findings: All three articles found that there is a correlation between low resiliency scores and longer return to play times in adolescents/young adults with sport-related concussions. Clinical Bottom Line/Strength of Recommendation: Grade B evidence found that there is a statistically significance in …

Go to article

The Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Diathermy Compared To Therapeutic Ultrasound On Decreasing Pain Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic, Carter Zimmerman, Rhayl Danfer Gray, Robert Bonser Apr 2025

The Effectiveness Of Therapeutic Diathermy Compared To Therapeutic Ultrasound On Decreasing Pain Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critically Appraised Topic, Carter Zimmerman, Rhayl Danfer Gray, Robert Bonser

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is typically more experienced in older populations and conservative treatment strategies favor ultrasound as a treatment option. In the past thermal diathermy was used more frequently as a treatment method before ultrasound was more widely administered. However, there is no conclusive evidence stating which treatment method is more beneficial. Focused Clinical Question: Is diathermy as effective or more effective as ultrasound in reducing symptoms in patients suffering with KOA? Summary of Key Findings: All three studies showed no significant difference in WOMAC scores between subjects who received diathermy compared to those who received ultrasound. One …

Go to article

Healthy Sendoffs: The Long-Term Mental Health Effects On Nicu Parents And How Nurses Can Improve Outcomes, Christine Lyford Apr 2025

Healthy Sendoffs: The Long-Term Mental Health Effects On Nicu Parents And How Nurses Can Improve Outcomes, Christine Lyford

Liberty University Research Week

Background: Parents who enter the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergo numerous stressors on their psychological wellbeing that can leave them with impacts long after discharge. This review was conducted to analyze the severity of long-term mental health deficits in parents and compare various nursing interventions that could decrease the incidence of these deficits. Methods: Seven databases were searched within the past seven years and documented in the PRISMA flow chart with twelve articles being identified as meeting the inclusion requirements. Results: These articles found a higher prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in NICU parents, with a focus on …

Go to article

The Outcomes Of Various Surgical Treatments For Sports Hernia Repair In Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic, Holly Dass Apr 2025

The Outcomes Of Various Surgical Treatments For Sports Hernia Repair In Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic, Holly Dass

Liberty University Research Week

Clinical Scenario: Various surgical methods of treatment for sports hernias (athletic pubalgia) have been researched and tested. Surgical methods such as adductor tenotomies, hernia repairs, and rectus abdominis-adductor longus (RA-AL) aponeurotic plate repair have been tested and evaluated to measure their effectiveness on sports hernia recovery. Focused Clinical Question: What are the outcomes of the different surgical sports hernia repair methods on athletes? Summary of Key Findings: The authors of two high-quality studies determined that athletes who obtain either adductor longus tenotomy with or without a concomitant sports hernia repair or RA-AL aponeurotic plate repair improve symptoms and either have …

Go to article

Barriers And Strategies For Improving Access To Mental Health Services In Uganda: A Social Cognitive Approach, Rebecca Martha Nantale, Maame Yaa Okrah, Nfn Dangpa Wandji Nana, Yenigat Abate Apr 2025

Barriers And Strategies For Improving Access To Mental Health Services In Uganda: A Social Cognitive Approach, Rebecca Martha Nantale, Maame Yaa Okrah, Nfn Dangpa Wandji Nana, Yenigat Abate

Liberty University Research Week

Access to mental health services in Uganda remains a critical challenge despite the rising prevalence of mental health disorders. This study uses the social cognitive approach to explore the barriers and strategies for improving access to mental health services in Uganda. Interventions are proposed to address these barriers, including community-based mental health awareness campaigns, enhanced training for healthcare providers, and stakeholder collaboration to reform outdated mental health policies. A review of existing literature indicates that mental health disorders are on the rise in Uganda, yet the availability and accessibility of professional care remain inadequate. Cultural perceptions often frame mental illness …

Go to article

Reexamining The Anthropological Problem Of Life In The Contemporary Era: A Theological Critique Of Materialism And The Case For A Christocentric Perception, Samy Tshileu Apr 2025

Reexamining The Anthropological Problem Of Life In The Contemporary Era: A Theological Critique Of Materialism And The Case For A Christocentric Perception, Samy Tshileu

Liberty University Research Week

History has shown a unique set of challenges faced by every era. The anthropological problem of life, which is caused by the economic perception of life, is one of the main challenges of the Contemporary Era. This challenge is a perennial problem of humans’ struggle to understand the essence of life and live it according to its design. This economic perception of life distorts the understanding of life’s true essence, leading to a disconnection from spiritual truths and meaning. This challenge makes it difficult for individuals to see the reality of the gospel and accept the truth of the gospel. …

Go to article

Determining Stature Using Hand And Foot Dimensions On Understudied Ethnicities, Kati Platt, Andrew Albus, Andrew Stoltzfus Apr 2025

Determining Stature Using Hand And Foot Dimensions On Understudied Ethnicities, Kati Platt, Andrew Albus, Andrew Stoltzfus

Liberty University Research Week

Within Central America, 96% of murders go unresolved. On the contrary, only about 30% of murders go unresolved in India. Anthropometric measurements of hands and feet have been done to determine stature of a person in areas with lower unresolved murders, with less information on Hispanic ethnicities. This gap in knowledge between these two different areas and ethnicities provides the framework for this study. In many developing countries, anatomical measurements are the only source available for identification due to the cost and availability of DNA analysis. The study of anthropometry aids in the identification process. Environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetics …

Go to article

Effects Of Dry Needling On Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome In Women: A Critically Appraised Topic, Madison Cornell, Ethan Austell, J.E. Lawrence Apr 2025

Effects Of Dry Needling On Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome In Women: A Critically Appraised Topic, Madison Cornell, Ethan Austell, J.E. Lawrence

Liberty University Research Week

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common anterior knee pains and affects 3-6% of people in the US. Dry needling (DN) is known to have many positive implications such as increased blood flow, neural response, and pain control. However, the overall effect of DN on pain outcomes and functional measures in female patients has not been well researched. The purpose of this review paper was to determine the efficacy of DN on PFPS in the female population by assessing patient-oriented outcomes and functional measures. Results: A variety of databases were used to conduct the search for relevant …

Go to article

The Silent Saboteur: How Insulin Resistance Fuels Obesity And Chronic Disease, Edwin Amachree, Bright Agbotui, Chelsea Mazonde, Great Onyedika Okereke Apr 2025

The Silent Saboteur: How Insulin Resistance Fuels Obesity And Chronic Disease, Edwin Amachree, Bright Agbotui, Chelsea Mazonde, Great Onyedika Okereke

Liberty University Research Week

Abstract Introduction/Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a crucial mechanism that associates obesity with chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, public health initiatives tend to prioritize caloric intake over the underlying dysregulation of hormonal and biochemical processes that drive metabolic dysregulation. Objectives: To summarize the biomedical mechanisms of insulin resistance and examine dietary, lifestyle, and pharmacological interventions from a translational perspective. Methods: Peer-reviewed literature was examined through narrative review, summarizing discovery from biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological investigations. Using databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, articles focusing on insulin signaling pathways, dietary effects, …

Go to article

The Health And Human Cost Of Illegal Refinery In Port Harcourt Metropolis: A Public Health Perspective, Akuchinyere Onyinyechukwu Titus Okpanachi, Wuraola Awosan Apr 2025

The Health And Human Cost Of Illegal Refinery In Port Harcourt Metropolis: A Public Health Perspective, Akuchinyere Onyinyechukwu Titus Okpanachi, Wuraola Awosan

Liberty University Research Week

Illegal crude oil refining, also known as "kpo-fire," has become a significant environmental and public health crisis in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, due to its socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts. This illegal refinery results in significant environmental pollution in Port Harcourt. The pollution contaminates air, water, and soil, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neurological damage, reproductive issues, lung cancers, and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports seven million untimely deaths annually due to air pollution diseases at the global level. In 2019, Nigeria had the highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world, with an overall figure …

Go to article

Removing The Blame From Children In Poverty: Deficit Ideology And The Mishandling Of Behavioral Issues, Sarah Gross Apr 2025

Removing The Blame From Children In Poverty: Deficit Ideology And The Mishandling Of Behavioral Issues, Sarah Gross

Diversity & Social Justice in Education Conference

According to data from the US Census Bureau (2023), the official poverty rate for those under 18 years of age was 16%, however when adjusted to 150% of the poverty line, it is estimated that about 26% of children are living in poverty. Data from the Center for Disease Control indicates that among these children living in poverty, 1 in 5 experiences a mental, behavioral, or developmental disorder (CDC, 2022). In addition to this, the American Psychological Association reports that children and teens in poverty are at a greater risk for below average academic achievement and behavioral problems (APA, 2024). …

Go to article

Lessons Learned: Fabrizio López-Gallo, Mercedes Cardona Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: Fabrizio López-Gallo, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Fabrizio López-Gallo served as the Bank of Mexico’s director general of financial stability during the COVID-19 pandemic, having been financial sector specialist and risk analysis and special projects manager for the central bank during the 2007–09 Global Financial Crisis (GFC). The Mexican government declared a health emergency at the outbreak of the pandemic and implemented a general economic shutdown. The Bank of Mexico intervened by cutting rates and initiating extraordinary measures, such as adding bond swaps and loosening rules for minimum deposits at commercial banks to provide liquidity. It gave flexibility to commercial banks to grant forbearance on mortgage payments …

Go to article

Lessons Learned: Cecilia Skingsley, Maryann Haggerty Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: Cecilia Skingsley, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

During the Swedish banking crisis of the early 1990s, Cecilia Skingsley was the press secretary for the Ministry of Finance. She held various roles, including chief economist, at Swedbank, one of Sweden’s largest banks, from 2007 to 2013, a period that included the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Swedbank suffered heavy losses amid the GFC and relied on a government guarantee program for support. In 2013, she became a deputy governor of Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden’s central bank; in 2019, she became first deputy governor. Skingsley left the Riksbank in September 2022 to become head of the …

Go to article

Lessons Learned: Philip Lane, Mary Anne Chute Lynch, Rosalind Z. Wiggins Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: Philip Lane, Mary Anne Chute Lynch, Rosalind Z. Wiggins

Journal of Financial Crises

Philip Lane served as governor of the Central Bank of Ireland from 2015 to 2019. He introduced countercyclical capital and systemic buffer tools and initiated research into the role and risks of cross-border inflows across Ireland. As a member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) since 2015, Lane has advocated for the European Union to adopt macroprudential policies and tools. He hailed the work of the European Systemic Risk Board and similar institutions established after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis to share data, information concerning risks, and concerns over financial …

Go to article

Lessons Learned: Giorgio Gobbi, Mercedes Cardona Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: Giorgio Gobbi, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Giorgio Gobbi joined the Economic Research Department of the Bank of Italy in 1990 and was assigned to carry out analysis and research on the banking industry. From 1998 to 2004, he headed the department’s Financial Intermediaries Office and represented the bank at the International Monetary Fund, the Bank of International Settlements, and the European Central Bank. Starting in 2007, Gobbi headed the Financial Structure and Intermediaries Division within the bank’s Structural Economic Analysis Department. He was appointed deputy head of the Financial Stability Unit in 2013 and became head of the Financial Stability Directorate in 2014.

Go to article

Lessons Learned: J. Christopher Flowers, Mary Anne Chute Lynch Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: J. Christopher Flowers, Mary Anne Chute Lynch

Journal of Financial Crises

J. Christopher Flowers has been managing director, CEO, and chairman of the private investment firm J.C. Flowers & Co. LLC for many years. During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009, Flowers was involved with investing in some of the largest banks and financial institutions in the world and advising and consulting with them on possible acquisitions, mergers, and sales as several of these firms began to collapse. In the fall of 2008, Flowers worked closely with the Bank of America (BofA) on proposals to acquire Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, and he developed a plan for private investors to …

Go to article

Eliminating Discount Window Stigma: What Can We Learn From Abroad?, Susan Mclaughlin Apr 2025

Eliminating Discount Window Stigma: What Can We Learn From Abroad?, Susan Mclaughlin

Journal of Financial Crises

This article picks up from an earlier Journal of Financial Crisis policy note on discount window design to see how the experiences of other central banks can inform work to redesign the discount window to reduce stigma. As explained in that article, banks’ reluctance to use the discount window is problematic for financial stability as it constrains the Fed’s ability to use its liquidity provision tools to stem runs and mitigate contagion in times of stress. The stigma associated with discount window borrowing in the United States is well documented and is a multifaceted phenomenon.

Go to article

Lessons Learned: Jesper Berg, Maryann Haggerty Apr 2025

Lessons Learned: Jesper Berg, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

The career of Jesper Berg, a Danish economist, has spanned multiple financial crises. He held positions with the Danish central bank, Danmarks Nationalbank, from 2004 to 2010, first as head of market operations and later as head of financial stability. He had served as head of the capital markets and financial structure division at the European Central Bank from 2000 to 2004, and earlier he was an economist at the International Monetary Fund’s Exchange and Trade Relations Department. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Berg in December 2022, when he was director general of the Danish …

Go to article

Liquidity Facilities Provided To Banks During The Dominican Republic Financial Crisis Of 2003, Marco Porfirio Martínez Apr 2025

Liquidity Facilities Provided To Banks During The Dominican Republic Financial Crisis Of 2003, Marco Porfirio Martínez

Journal of Financial Crises

As part of an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic (CBDR) released a comprehensive document providing an overview of the origins and handling of the 2003 financial crisis. This Archive Note builds on the highlights of that document by discussing primary factors that led to problems within Banco Intercontinental (Baninter), the bank that triggered the crisis; detailing measures the CBDR implemented to mitigate the situation; and addressing the consequences for two other major banks, Banco Mercantil and Bancrédito.

Go to article

United States: Lehman Brothers Broker-Dealer Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Ayodeji George, Steven Kelly Apr 2025

United States: Lehman Brothers Broker-Dealer Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Ayodeji George, Steven Kelly

Journal of Financial Crises

On Sunday, September 14, 2008, a deal to sell the United States investment bank Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LBHI) to United Kingdom–based Barclays fell apart. US authorities informed LBHI that, given the lack of rescue funds, it would need to file for bankruptcy before Monday morning to avoid additional chaos for the firm and markets. However, authorities understood Barclays was still interested in buying Lehman’s broker-dealer subsidiary, Lehman Brothers Inc. (LBI). Federal Reserve and Treasury officials were concerned about the impact that the sudden failure of LBI could have on financial markets. LBI had $87 billion in secured overnight repurchase …

Go to article

United States: First Republic Bank Emergency Liquidity Program, 2023, Salil Gupta, Jack French, Steven Kelly Apr 2025

United States: First Republic Bank Emergency Liquidity Program, 2023, Salil Gupta, Jack French, Steven Kelly

Journal of Financial Crises

First Republic Bank, a California-based institution with $212.6 billion in assets, lost $25 billion in deposits on Friday, March 10, 2023, following the closing of Silicon Valley Bank that morning. On Sunday, March 12, First Republic announced that it had access to $70 billion in unused liquidity owing to its borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve, the Federal Home Loan Bank System, and JPMorgan Chase (JPMC). But First Republic’s depositors withdrew a further $40 billion of deposits on Monday, March 13. First Republic’s borrowings from the Federal Reserve rose as high as $109 billion between Friday, March 10, and Wednesday, …

Go to article

United States: Citigroup Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Vincient Arnold Apr 2025

United States: Citigroup Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Vincient Arnold

Journal of Financial Crises

By November 21, 2008, against the backdrop of heavy losses during the Global Financial Crisis, Citigroup counterparties were substantially pulling back from the firm. On November 23, the US Department of the Treasury, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and Federal Reserve announced a support package for Citi composed of a capital injection and a loss-sharing arrangement on $300.8 billion of assets. Under the Asset Guarantee Program (AGP), Citi would absorb the first $39.5 billion in losses on a mutually agreed upon pool of risky assets; the Treasury and FDIC provided $15 billion in loss protection after that, combined with Citi’s …

Go to article

United States: Bear Stearns Emergency Liquidity Assistance, 2008, Vincient Arnold Apr 2025

United States: Bear Stearns Emergency Liquidity Assistance, 2008, Vincient Arnold

Journal of Financial Crises

On Thursday, March 13, 2008, the US investment bank Bear Stearns Companies approached the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY), saying it expected many of its repurchase agreement (repo) counterparties would not “roll,” or renew, their repo agreements the next day. As a result, the firm would be obligated to repay many of its repo liabilities. Without an emergency loan, Bear would be forced to file for bankruptcy on Friday morning, March 14. Before the market opened on Friday, the FRBNY made an overnight loan for $12.9 billion through JPMorgan Chase Bank (JPMC) on a nonrecourse basis, which on-lent …

Go to article

United Kingdom: Northern Rock Emergency Liquidity Program, 2007, Bailey Decker, Jack French, Eming Shyu Apr 2025

United Kingdom: Northern Rock Emergency Liquidity Program, 2007, Bailey Decker, Jack French, Eming Shyu

Journal of Financial Crises

Northern Rock plc was a bank in the United Kingdom (UK) that experienced rapid growth from 1998 to 2007. The bank was a large issuer of UK residential mortgage-backed securities. Its funding was primarily wholesale as its retail deposit growth had not kept up with its asset growth. By August 2007, Northern Rock’s credit default swap spreads were widening and its share price falling as conditions deteriorated in the markets on which it relied for short-term funding. To meet the bank’s substantial liquidity needs, the Bank of England (BoE) announced on September 14, 2007, that it would extend an emergency …

Go to article

United States: Bank Of America Emergency Liquidity Program, 2009, Vincient Arnold Apr 2025

United States: Bank Of America Emergency Liquidity Program, 2009, Vincient Arnold

Journal of Financial Crises

On December 31, 2008, Bank of America (BofA) finalized its acquisition of Merrill Lynch, absorbing losses of $15.5 billion as a result. Regulators were concerned about BofA’s short-term liquidity position and ability to post more collateral if its credit rating was downgraded. On January 16, 2009, the Federal Reserve, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and Department of the Treasury announced an interagency support package to BofA, which included an asset guarantee wherein all three agencies shared losses with BofA on a “ring-fenced” $118 billion pool of assets. Under the ring-fencing arrangement, known as the Asset Guarantee Program (AGP), BofA would …

Go to article

United Kingdom: Hbos And Rbs Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Bailey Decker, Jack French Apr 2025

United Kingdom: Hbos And Rbs Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Bailey Decker, Jack French

Journal of Financial Crises

Two United Kingdom–based banks, Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) and Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS), faced substantial liquidity needs during fall of 2008. To provide funding until recapitalization, the Bank of England (BoE) extended ad hoc emergency liquidity facilities to HBOS on October 1 and to RBS on October 7, 2008, comprising US dollars (USD) and British pounds sterling (GBP). As collateral for the 2008 assistance, HBOS and RBS posted pools of loans that were ineligible for the BoE’s market-wide operations. Aggregate usage of the two ad hoc facilities peaked at GBP 61.5 billion (USD 106.0 billion) on October …

Go to article

Sweden: Carnegie Investment Bank Ab Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Sophia Alden, Jack French Apr 2025

Sweden: Carnegie Investment Bank Ab Emergency Liquidity Program, 2008, Sophia Alden, Jack French

Journal of Financial Crises

In October 2008, Carnegie Investment Bank AB (Carnegie) had trouble obtaining financing amid concerns about its financial health. However, Sweden’s central bank, the Sveriges Riksbank (Riksbank), and the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) still viewed Carnegie as solvent. Between October 27 and 28, the Riksbank lent Carnegie 2.4 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). As collateral for the loan, Carnegie and its holding company, D. Carnegie & Co. AB (D. Carnegie), provided all shares and subsidiaries in Carnegie as well as all shares in a sister subsidiary under D. Carnegie, Max Matthiessen Holding AB (Max Matthiessen). On November 10, 2008, the FSA …

Go to article

Switzerland: Credit Suisse Emergency Liquidity Program, 2023, Jack French, Owen Heaphy, Steven Kelly Apr 2025

Switzerland: Credit Suisse Emergency Liquidity Program, 2023, Jack French, Owen Heaphy, Steven Kelly

Journal of Financial Crises

Credit Suisse (CS) faced multiple challenges leading up to March 2023 including a significant outflow of client funds in the fourth quarter of 2022 and reputational loss resulting from a number of scandals in the preceding years. On Wednesday, March 15, 2023, shortly after two high-profile bank failures in the United States, a high-ranking official of the Saudi National Bank, a major shareholder, publicly said it would not provide any more capital for the company. Despite a joint statement from the Swiss National Bank (SNB) and the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) that CS was in compliance with capital …

Go to article

Spain: Caja De Ahorros Castilla–La Mancha Emergency Liquidity Assistance, 2009, Vincient Arnold, Lakshimi Swaminathan Apr 2025

Spain: Caja De Ahorros Castilla–La Mancha Emergency Liquidity Assistance, 2009, Vincient Arnold, Lakshimi Swaminathan

Journal of Financial Crises

Following years of rapid credit expansion in the real estate sector and reliance on wholesale funding between 2000 and 2008, Caja de Ahorros de Castilla–La Mancha (CCM) found itself on the brink of insolvency in early 2009. Normally, a Eurosystem bank in CCM’s position would turn to the European Central Bank (ECB) to obtain liquidity through its standing financing facilities, but CCM lacked eligible collateral to tap them. Consequently, in February 2009, the Bank of Spain (BoS) provided emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) of EUR 900 million to CCM, secured against CCM assets, to help meet its liquidity needs. In March, …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last