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Cover And Forewords, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

Migration Models· Application In An African Context (An Analytical Review), Ademola T. Salau

The Geographical Bulletin

The history of Africa is full of the accounts of movements of people on large scales. Some of the movements had occurred in the form of conquests in war and some had taken place by a slow and largely peaceful shift to new lands. Such movements we are told, have been a feature of Africa in the past and are one of its most important demographic features at present. There is no phase of African history which can be understood without reference to the movements of people both before and during it." However, there are differences in types, magnitudes and …

Volume 13 Complete Issue, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 13 Complete Issue

Locational Characteristics Of Mobile Home Parks In Columbus, Ohio, William F. Doolittle

The Geographical Bulletin

The history of Africa is full of the accounts of movements of people on large scales. Some of the movements had occurred in the form of conquests in war and some had taken place by a slow and largely peaceful shift to new lands. Such movements we are told, have been a feature of Africa in the past and are one of its most important demographic features at present. There is no phase of African history which can be understood without reference to the movements of people both before and during it." However, there are differences in types, magnitudes and …

The Impact Of Land Use On Wildlife Habitat, Dean Wilde

The Geographical Bulletin

The scope of biogeography includes, among other things, the analysis of the distribution and redistribution of biota as a result of a more or less purposeful and direct modification of the natural environment by man.! One aspect of human modification of natural environments has been the alteration and destruction of wi Idlife habitats. Wildlife is a product of the land.2 Different kinds of wildlife can occupy the land only so long as their required habitat types exist in a particular spatial arrangement. The maximum population of wildlife that any given unit of land can support, therefore depends on the interspersion …

Editor's Comments, James W. Gallagher

The Geographical Bulletin

The fare this issue is varied -- one article deals with some aspects of mobile homes; one with wildlife habitat; and, one with migration. And in the entire lot of them there is only one set of maps -- and those were done by a computer. I keep looking for maps in papers which are submitted. On occasion, there is one. Often there are photos or diagrams -- but not frequently enough. Do we really stress today our basic tools in Geography? Does anyone teach a course in how to photograph as well as how to analyze photos? The National …

The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, And The Burden Of Power, Thomas F. Lynch Iii

Joint Force Quarterly

This review explores Robert D. Kaplan’s The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and the Burden of Power, a reflective and philosophical departure from his earlier geographically focused works. Drawing from decades of war reporting and inspired by thinkers from ancient Greece to modern Europe, Kaplan argues that effective leadership—especially in matters of war and foreign policy—requires a “tragic sensibility.” He contends that decisions about the use of force often involve choosing between lesser evils, and must be guided by humility, historical awareness, and a clear understanding of unintended consequences. Kaplan critiques recent U.S. military interventions and praises President George H.W. …

War In Ukraine: Conflict, Strategy, And The Return Of A Fractured World; The War For Ukraine: Strategy And Adaptation Under Fire; A Call To Action: Lessons From Ukraine For The Future Force, Frank Hoffman

Joint Force Quarterly

This review examines three pivotal books—War in Ukraine, The War for Ukraine, and A Call to Action—that collectively offer a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine’s ongoing conflict and its broader military and strategic implications. Drawing parallels to the U.S. Army’s transformation post-Yom Kippur War, the review highlights Ukraine’s decentralized command model and adaptive warfare as crucial advantages over Russia’s rigid, artillery-centric doctrine. Contributions from military experts, including Lieutenant Colonel Jay Bradley and Colonel Jamon Junius, delve into Ukraine’s effective use of mission command and modernized targeting systems, despite technological limitations and residual Soviet influence. Each book serves …

Winning Without Fighting: Irregular Warfare And Strategic Competition In The 21st Century, Joseph J. Collins

Joint Force Quarterly

Winning Without Fighting offers a timely and compelling framework for strategic competition in the modern era, especially against authoritarian states like China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea. Written by four seasoned scholar-practitioners, the book redefines irregular warfare as a comprehensive, non-violent competition for influence and legitimacy. Emphasizing tools like information, diplomacy, economics, and national resilience, the authors argue that the United States must evolve its strategic culture—rooted in binary war/peace thinking—toward one that embraces continuous, multi-domain competition. Drawing on Cold War lessons, they advocate for renewed investments in statecraft capabilities such as regional expertise and alliance coordination. The book concludes …

Movement And Maneuver At Leyte, October 1944, Michael M. Trimble, Douglas W. Burkman, Michael L. Simmons

Joint Force Quarterly

This article examines the enduring principles of warfare—particularly movement and maneuver—through a detailed analysis of Operation King II, the U.S. amphibious assault on Leyte in October 1944, which marked the beginning of the Philippines' liberation during World War II. The study situates the operation within the broader context of global war, emphasizing the evolution of U.S. and Japanese strategies in the Pacific theater. It highlights how coordinated, multidomain operations—across land, sea, and air—enabled U.S. forces to seize key terrain and deliver a decisive blow to the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Despite challenges stemming from divided …

Both Joint And Not: Medical Support At Okinawa, 1945, Sanders Marble

Joint Force Quarterly

In 1945, the U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps invaded Okinawa. Heavy casualties were projected, and medical planning was thorough and multi-layered. Medical support was as joint as anything the period could offer, although quite different from today. In a dispersed, low-bandwidth environment, planners did not try to increase "jointness" but had services work in parallel and opted to reduce overlap.

This article looks at the medical planning and how medical support unfolded. Medical care was good, as good as possible in the period. Medical and surgical patients received plenty of care, but psychological patients could receive less care, although …

Toward A 21st-Century Medical Offset Strategy, George A. Barbee, Benjamin J. Ingram

Joint Force Quarterly

In an era of multidomain threats and global instability, the U.S. military must develop a 21st-century medical offset strategy to maintain combat effectiveness and strategic superiority. This article proposes medical offset strategies—far-forward intervention, technological innovation, and international partnerships—as a transformative framework to achieve medical overmatch. These strategies aim to save lives, enhance combat power, and sustain military operations amid high-intensity, large-scale combat scenarios. Far-forward intervention ensures timely critical care on the battlefield; technological innovation integrates AI, autonomous systems, and new treatments to extend reach and efficiency; and allied coordination enhances interoperability and collective medical capacity. The article underscores that inaction …

Developing Alternative Manning Strategies To Maintain The Combat Effectiveness Of The Joint Force, Shawn M. Cook, Andrew Hall, Todd Spanton

Joint Force Quarterly

The U.S. military is confronting a recruitment crisis stemming from a declining pool of eligible and willing recruits, largely due to deteriorating physical and mental fitness across the population and waning societal confidence in the military. This article explores strategic alternatives to address the shortfall in military manpower. It evaluates three core approaches: enhancing the fitness and mental health of potential recruits, adapting recruitment standards to align with current population capabilities, and restructuring to a smaller but technologically augmented force. The authors argue that while improving population fitness is costly and yields uncertain long-term results, and adapting standards risks reduced …

Protecting Ace: Air Defense And Agile Combat Employment, Ian D. Richardson

Joint Force Quarterly

The U.S. Air Force’s Agile Combat Employment (ACE) concept was created to counter anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) threats through dispersed, short-duration operations. While ACE enhances survivability and complicates adversary targeting, it lacks sufficient ground-based air defense against long-range missile and drone threats. This article identifies a critical gap in ACE's protection strategy and proposes integrating Army maneuver short-range air defense (M-SHORAD) units, particularly from multidomain task forces (MDTFs), to provide mobile, layered air defense for ACE sites. This approach aligns with ACE’s need for flexibility and rapid mobility. Three potential solutions are explored: expanding Air Force air defense capabilities, improving joint …

Defusing Weaponized Interdependence: A New Approach To Measuring Country Reliability, Michael F. Harsch, Shaun Lee

Joint Force Quarterly

Eisenhower School faculty members Michael Harsch and Shaun Lee have developed an interesting analysis method for assessing the willingness of one nation to partner with another. This article explores how growing geopolitical risks are challenging the way countries manage global trade and supply chains. Relying solely on economic efficiency and comparative advantage is no longer enough to protect critical industries from disruption. At the same time, bringing all supply chains back to the United States is often too expensive or unrealistic due to limited domestic resources and infrastructure. As a solution, the authors highlight friend-shoring—working with trusted partner countries—as a …

Solving The Crisis: A Partnership Approach For Safe, Affordable Military Housing, Michael Kittrell, Michael Borders

Joint Force Quarterly

This article examines the critical housing shortage at Cannon Air Force Base (CAFB) and proposes a collaborative, community-driven approach to solving the crisis. It highlights the structural issues behind the shortage—ranging from military retention challenges to nationwide housing market pressures—and details the strategic formation of the “House Hunters” team to develop innovative, interim solutions. The authors advocate for leveraging intergovernmental partnerships and public-private initiatives, such as apartment leases and university collaborations, to address dormitory deficits ahead of delayed military construction. The article calls for bold policy changes and agile financing strategies to ensure safe, affordable housing for military personnel in …

America Needs Bold, Visionary, And Strategic Joint Force Leaders, James W. Browning

Joint Force Quarterly

Suggesting we look at how we teach leadership to the joint force, James Browning asserts that we must produce future leaders who are both bold and visionary. Today’s dangerous world demands joint force, DOD, and industrial-based leaders capable of shaping events rather than reacting to them. An effective visionary strategic joint force leader and thinker requires continuous learning, growth, and enhanced cognitive and social horsepower. Developing and executing robust PME curricula and learning programs incorporating these recommendations will prepare joint force leaders to lead effectively at the senior level and have the courage and confidence to make the bold decisions …

Obstacles To Integrating Deterrence, Jeffrey A. Larsen, James J. Wirtz

Joint Force Quarterly

This article calls for a strategic shift in how the United States addresses today’s security threats—ranging from peer nuclear adversaries to disruptive emerging technologies. Emphasizing that integrated deterrence must extend beyond the military, the authors advocate for a comprehensive, whole-of-government approach. They argue that success hinges on developing a national strategy, designating senior leadership, fostering interagency and allied collaboration, and engaging the public through education. There are considerable challenges, but they are not insurmountable.

A New Step In China’S Military Reform, Joel Wuthnow

Joint Force Quarterly

Joel Wuthnow, a senior research fellow in NDU’s Institute of National Strategic Studies, discusses the current state of military reform in China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA). In April 2024, Xi Jinping launched a sweeping military reorganization aimed at enhancing the PLA's ability to achieve information dominance and conduct integrated joint operations. The reform dismantled the Strategic Support Force, introduced a new Information Support Force (ISF), and placed key support elements under Xi’s direct control—marking the PLA’s most significant structural change in five years. Motivated in part by lessons from Russia’s failures in Ukraine, the changes aim to boost PLA readiness …

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

Effective communication is essential to joint warfighting success, yet even basic tasks—like radio reprogramming—can fail without proper training and leadership. Editor in Chief William T. Eliason emphasizes the life-saving importance of communication and the need to instill such skills at every level of the force. He adds a tribute to Dr. John Church’s editorial and visual contributions to JFQ and gives an update on the temporary pause of the annual essay competitions due to logistical constraints. This issue of Joint Force Quarterly features timely analyses on China’s military reform, the challenges of integrated deterrence, visionary leadership development, and solutions to …

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 117, 2nd Quarter 2025, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

Joint Force Quarterly 117 centers on the urgent call for bold, visionary leadership within the U.S. Joint Force. Highlighting challenges such as integrated deterrence, alternative manning strategies, and China’s military reforms, this issue provides strategic insights for future readiness. It features forward-leaning proposals on air defense, military housing, and medical innovation, alongside historical case studies from Okinawa and Leyte. Book reviews and expert commentary further enrich the discourse on contemporary military leadership and strategy.

So Much More Than Summer Camp: The Importance Of Environmental Education At Nature Centers, Olivia P. Upton

Student Scholar Showcase

Education in the U.S. currently faces a deficit in the promotion and proper teaching of climate change curriculum. Oftentimes caused by a lack of clear teaching standards for environmental education, the American political machine stirring up controversy, or teacher preferences, there are obvious gaps in the teaching of climate change curriculum. As climate change is considered one of the greatest threats facing humanity today, there is a need to educate people, especially younger generations, in order to navigate future challenges and make informed decisions. Nature centers offer the ideal location for the promotion of climate change education based on their …

Imitation, The Sincerest Form Of Flattery: Whether The Unauthorized Use Of A Trademark After The Termination Of A Franchise Constitutes Counterfeiting?, Rachel Auld

Liberty University Research Week

This note examines whether the unauthorized use of a trademark after the termination of a franchise constitutes counterfeiting. Currently, the Sixth Circuit and Ninth Circuit of the United States are divided in answering this question. The Sixth Circuit held that a franchisee’s use of a franchisor’s trademark following the termination of a franchise does not constitute a counterfeit mark under the Lanham Act. However, the Ninth Circuit held that a licensee’s use of a licensor’s certification mark following the termination of the license does constitute a counterfeit mark. While certification marks and trademarks differ in name, the core purpose of …

From Game Of Thrones To Romantasy: Representing The Female Experience In Medievalist Fantasy, Ashton Reed

Dr. Jay W. Boland Research Day

This thesis seeks to understand to extent to which fantasy media is founded upon patriarchal tendencies, the ramifications of which affect the publishing industry today. To define fantasy, I use J.R.R. Tolkien’s definition which includes a secondary world with rules that contradict those of our own world but that are understandable within the context of that world. Particularly, I explore the origins of medievalist fantasy stories, with the understanding that this particular branch of fantasy media (which emphasizes tropes and idealizations of the Middle Ages) creates the basis for the modern cultural schema of fantasy. With medievalist intentions come an …

Washington D.C. Alternative Break Spring 2025 Recap, Finn Shirley, Chloe Campbell

Dr. Jay W. Boland Research Day

No abstract provided.

Unveiling Agency: The Roles Of Women In Virginia Manumission, Sydney Gilbert

Liberty University Research Week

Women's roles in the history of slavery and manumission in the United States are often simplified to the titles of abolitionists or suffragettes despite the wide range of perspectives and influence these women held in the public and economic spheres. Virginia's rich history on manumission, or the voluntary freeing of slaves, provides a diverse perspective on women's influence in the movement as slaveholders, abolitionists, administrators, manumitters, and even enslaved individuals themselves. Women also generally held the responsibility to advocate morality in society from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, so the study of women's role in manumission reveals a more in-depth …

Bricks: Using Music To Increase Individual Mindfulness, Lakievia Johnson

Liberty University Research Week

Christian Secular music uses various literary devices to communicate messages in music lyrics. Depending on the context of the lyrics, the lyrics can be interpreted to be helpful and empowering or corrupting and harmful. Using various literary tools and devices, many messages in Christian Secular music can be interpreted in more than one way, and identifying the dual or multiple interpretations of the lyrics has multiple benefits. First, becoming aware of multiple interpretations enhances mindfulness and self-awareness. Increased mindfulness is an asset to believers and non-believers alike. For non-believers and believers, increased mindfulness promotes awareness of intention and improved decision-making. …

Preserving Life, Protecting Dignity: A Call To Abolish Physician-Assisted Suicide, Adeline Holcombe

Liberty University Research Week

The legalization of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) in states such as California and Oregon has introduced a dangerous contradiction into American law and ethics – undermining the state’s longstanding interest in preserving human life while eroding the sanctity of life itself. This research aims to analyze: How do laws legalizing physician-assisted suicide conflict with the state’s compelling interest in preserving life, and how does the biblical principle of the sanctity of life provide a more coherent legal and ethical foundation? This project will employ a legal textual analysis of primary legal sources, including Washington v. Glucksberg, Vacco v. Quill, and state …

Criminal Liability For Trafficking In Human Organs And Tissues In Light Of Federal Decree Law No. (25) Of 2023 “A Comparative Study ", Mariam Saeed Abdulla

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This study aims to explore the possibility of compensation for the abuse of the right to divorce and voluntary separation under the current UAE law. The study begins by identifying the cases excluded from the scope of abuse, with the objective of accurately defining the cases that warrant compensation. It examines the potential forms of abuse in the context of divorce and voluntary separation, and addresses the adequacy of current legal standards in assessing appropriate compensations.
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/="/">The study employed an analytical methodology to achieve its objectives, analyzing relevant texts in the Personal Status Law and Civil Transactions Law, …

Free Palestine Occupation (#3), Oscar Lopez

Toyon: Multilingual Literary Magazine

No abstract provided.