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Student Chamber Music Recital: April 15, 2025, School Of Music Apr 2025

Student Chamber Music Recital: April 15, 2025, School Of Music

School of Music Programs

Kemp Recital Hall

April 15, 2025

Tuesday Evening

7:30 p.m.


Eny Development Llc V. Sneed Apr 2025

Eny Development Llc V. Sneed

All Decisions

In this nonpayment proceeding involving a LIHTC-regulated apartment, the tenant invoked protections under the CARES Act to contest the landlord's claim. The tenant moved to dismiss based on federal notice requirements for properties receiving federal subsidies. The court found that the CARES Act applied, drawing persuasive authority from Sherwood Auburn LLC v. Pinzon and Arvada Vill. Gardens PL v. Garate, which clarified that LIHTC properties are covered by the statute's protections. Concluding the landlord failed to meet the Act's 30-day notice prerequisite, the court granted the tenant's motion. Practice note: In nonpayment cases involving subsidized housing, practitioners must evaluate CARES …


The Link April 15, 2025, Access To Justice Institute Apr 2025

The Link April 15, 2025, Access To Justice Institute

The Link Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Atm-Dependent Dna Damage Response Constrains Cell Growth And Drives Clonal Hematopoiesis In Telomere Biology Disorders, Christopher M. Sande, Karolyn A. Oetjen, Daniel C. Link, Andrew E. Gelman, Laneshia K. Tague, Et Al. Apr 2025

Atm-Dependent Dna Damage Response Constrains Cell Growth And Drives Clonal Hematopoiesis In Telomere Biology Disorders, Christopher M. Sande, Karolyn A. Oetjen, Daniel C. Link, Andrew E. Gelman, Laneshia K. Tague, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) are genetic diseases caused by defective telomere maintenance. TBD patients often develop bone marrow failure and have an increased risk of myeloid neoplasms. To better understand the factors underlying hematopoietic outcomes in TBD, we comprehensively evaluated acquired genetic alterations in hematopoietic cells from 166 pediatric and adult TBD patients. Of these patients, 47.6% (28.8% of children, 56.1% of adults) had clonal hematopoiesis. Recurrent somatic alterations involved telomere maintenance genes (7.6%), spliceosome genes (10.4%, mainly U2AF1 p.S34), and chromosomal alterations (20.2%), including 1q gain (5.9%). Somatic variants affecting the DNA damage response (DDR) were identified in 21.5% …


Understanding Implementation Determinants Of Universal School Meals Through An Equity-Driven Mixed Methods Approach, Gabriella M Mcloughlin, Molly Kerstetter, Yerusalem Yohannes, Omar Martinez, Resa M Jones, Ross C Brownson, Jennifer O Fisher Apr 2025

Understanding Implementation Determinants Of Universal School Meals Through An Equity-Driven Mixed Methods Approach, Gabriella M Mcloughlin, Molly Kerstetter, Yerusalem Yohannes, Omar Martinez, Resa M Jones, Ross C Brownson, Jennifer O Fisher

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Policies, such as Universal School Meals (USM), are essential for preventing inequities in chronic disease risk among socially and economically marginalized populations. Implementing USM reduces food insecurity and obesity risk, among other academic/health outcomes; unfortunately, across the nation student participation (i.e., reach) is lower than expected, limiting its public health impact. Grounded in implementation science and health equity frameworks, this study aimed to: 1) investigate the determinants of implementing USM in a large, urban school district and 2) assess key challenges and supports across schools with varying levels of participation in USM.

METHODS: A needs and assets assessment was …


Mri Distance Measures As A Predictor Of Subsequent Clinical Status During The Preclinical Phase Of Alzheimer's Disease And Related Disorders, Xinyi Zhang, John C Morris, Tammie L S Benzinger, Et Al. Apr 2025

Mri Distance Measures As A Predictor Of Subsequent Clinical Status During The Preclinical Phase Of Alzheimer's Disease And Related Disorders, Xinyi Zhang, John C Morris, Tammie L S Benzinger, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Brain atrophy over time, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been shown to predict subsequent cognitive impairment among individuals who were cognitively normal when first evaluated, indicating that subtle brain atrophy associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may begin years before clinical symptoms appear. Traditionally, atrophy has been quantified by differences in brain volume or thickness over a specified timeframe. Research indicates that the rate of atrophy varies across different brain regions, which themselves exhibit complex spatial and hierarchical organizations. These characteristics collectively emphasize the need for diverse summary measures that can effectively capture the multidimensional nature of degeneration. …


Synapsin Condensation Is Governed By Sequence-Encoded Molecular Grammars, Christian Hoffmann, Kiersten M Ruff, Irina A Edu, Min Kyung Shinn, Johannes V Tromm, Matthew R King, Avnika Pant, Hannes Ausserwöger, Jennifer R Morgan, Tuomas P J Knowles, Rohit V Pappu, Dragomir Milovanovic Apr 2025

Synapsin Condensation Is Governed By Sequence-Encoded Molecular Grammars, Christian Hoffmann, Kiersten M Ruff, Irina A Edu, Min Kyung Shinn, Johannes V Tromm, Matthew R King, Avnika Pant, Hannes Ausserwöger, Jennifer R Morgan, Tuomas P J Knowles, Rohit V Pappu, Dragomir Milovanovic

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Multiple biomolecular condensates coexist at the pre- and post- synapse to enable vesicle dynamics and controlled neurotransmitter release in the brain. In pre-synapses, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of synaptic proteins are drivers of condensation that enable clustering of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Using computational analysis, we show that the IDRs of SV proteins feature evolutionarily conserved non-random compositional biases and sequence patterns. Synapsin-1 is essential for condensation of SVs, and its C-terminal IDR has been shown to be a key driver of condensation. Focusing on this IDR, we dissected the contributions of two conserved features namely the segregation of polar and …


Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomics Identification Of Biomarkers For Amyloid And Tau Pet Stages, Zhibo Wang, Yuhan Chen, Katherine Gong, Bote Zhao, Yuye Ning, Meilin Chen, Yan Li, Muhammad Ali, Jigyasha Timsina, Menghan Liu, Carlos Cruchaga, Jianping Jia Apr 2025

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomics Identification Of Biomarkers For Amyloid And Tau Pet Stages, Zhibo Wang, Yuhan Chen, Katherine Gong, Bote Zhao, Yuye Ning, Meilin Chen, Yan Li, Muhammad Ali, Jigyasha Timsina, Menghan Liu, Carlos Cruchaga, Jianping Jia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Accurate staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is crucial for therapeutic trials and prognosis, but existing fluid biomarkers lack specificity, especially for assessing tau deposition severity, in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-positive patients. We analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 136 participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative using more than 6,000 proteins. We apply machine learning to predict AD pathological stages defined by amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET). We identify two distinct protein panels: 16 proteins, including neurofilament heavy chain (NEFH) and SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 (SMOC1), that distinguished Aβ-negative/tau-negative (A-T-) from A+ individuals and nine proteins, such as …


Women And The African Diaspora In The Films Of Aida Bueno Sarduy, Aida Bueno Sarduy Apr 2025

Women And The African Diaspora In The Films Of Aida Bueno Sarduy, Aida Bueno Sarduy

LAII Events

Tuesday, April 15, 2025 12:30-2:00 pm

Ortega Hall Reading Room (335)

Join us for a talk with Cuban anthropologist and filmmaker Aida Bueno Sarduy, whose work centers on women’s leadership in African and Afro-descendants’ religions in Cuba and Brazil from the perspective of gender and feminist theory and criticism.

Aida Esther Bueno Sarduy's research and documentary work has focused on women’s leadership in African and Afro-descendents’ religions in Cuba and Brazil. She is researching letters of freedom and freedom-purchasing documents of African or Afro-descendant women in Brazil in the 18th and 19th centuries. Dr. Bueno Sarduy has a Ph.D. in …


Label-Free Evaluation Of Mouse Embryo Quality Using Time-Lapse Bright Field And Optical Coherence Microscopy, Fei Wang, Senyue Hao, Kibeom Park, Ali Ahmady, Chao Zhou Apr 2025

Label-Free Evaluation Of Mouse Embryo Quality Using Time-Lapse Bright Field And Optical Coherence Microscopy, Fei Wang, Senyue Hao, Kibeom Park, Ali Ahmady, Chao Zhou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The selection of high-quality embryos is essential to enhance the implantation rate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) can noninvasively provide three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution imaging of developing embryos. The revealed microstructures can be used for accurate embryo evaluation. Here, we acquire time-lapse 3D OCM images with co-registered bright-field imaging on mouse embryo development from the one-cell stage to the fully hatched blastocyst inside an incubator. Our results demonstrate the capability of OCM to detect structural features of the developing embryos. The second and third embryonic cell cycles are indicated to be associated with blastocyst formation and the …


Fact Sheet For Parents: What To Know About Zyn Nicotine Pouches, Aaron Hunt, Gabriela Murza, Alyssa Ferrin Apr 2025

Fact Sheet For Parents: What To Know About Zyn Nicotine Pouches, Aaron Hunt, Gabriela Murza, Alyssa Ferrin

All Current Publications

This fact sheet provides information about ZYN, which is a nicotine pouch becoming commonly used among youth due to social media advertising. This fact sheet will help parents understand the impact of ZYN pouches and approaches to monitor, prevent, and address use among youth.


Distributed Serving Of Partitioned Machine Learning Models Across Heterogeneous Hardware Resources, Vince Gatto, Junyan Li, Chi Chen, Hang Fu, Brad Froehle, Smit Hinsu, Devanshu Jain, Aniruddh Nath, Ruolin Jia, Shuo Chang, He Ma, Daokun Jiang Apr 2025

Distributed Serving Of Partitioned Machine Learning Models Across Heterogeneous Hardware Resources, Vince Gatto, Junyan Li, Chi Chen, Hang Fu, Brad Froehle, Smit Hinsu, Devanshu Jain, Aniruddh Nath, Ruolin Jia, Shuo Chang, He Ma, Daokun Jiang

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for serving machine learning models by partitioning model components for distributed execution across heterogeneous hardware resources. In particular, the disclosure describes techniques for splitting models into independently executable subgraphs deployed across a cluster of machines with varying hardware configurations (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, TPUs). The system leverages the distinct strengths of different hardware types by mapping memory-intensive or preprocessing-heavy components to CPU machines, while assigning compute-intensive subgraphs to accelerators such as TPUs. The distributed architecture employs a runtime system that manages inter-machine communication and orchestration of inference tasks, enabling improved utilization, scalability, and …


Camera Captured Board Analysis Aids For Meeting Transcription And Post-Meeting Summarization, Jieyu Tan, Soya Li, Espen Berger, Hilary Liu Apr 2025

Camera Captured Board Analysis Aids For Meeting Transcription And Post-Meeting Summarization, Jieyu Tan, Soya Li, Espen Berger, Hilary Liu

Defensive Publications Series

Presented herein is an approach for utilizing "board focus" techniques to extract information from attendees' handwritten notes during an online video conference or meeting. This approach can enhance the accuracy for generating meeting transcriptions (e.g., regarding language type, special terms, abbreviations, acronyms, etc. used during a meeting) and also meeting summaries (e.g., regarding structural element identification) as compared to conventional transcription/summary techniques that typically rely on audio streams.


Subsea Chemical Storage And Injection Systems, Baker Hughes Company Apr 2025

Subsea Chemical Storage And Injection Systems, Baker Hughes Company

Defensive Publications Series

The conventional Chemical Injection System (with topside supply tanks and long Umbilical for delivering the chemicals to subsea components) has the following drawbacks:

  • High CAPEX cost of the chemical injection system.
  • Additional potential leakage in the long umbilicals.
  • Longer response time.
  • Requires larger chemical volume to fill the long umbilicals – adding cost and leakage risks
  • Requires larger topside pumps in some cases in shallow water and long umbilical laying on the seabed.
  • Does not use electrical control valves.
  • Not consisting of Module Design – not a sizable system.

A system design is proposed to address the above requirement


An Autoethnographic Account Of The Dimensions Of Learning To Teach, Angela Reyes-Carrasquillo, Diane Rodríguez Apr 2025

An Autoethnographic Account Of The Dimensions Of Learning To Teach, Angela Reyes-Carrasquillo, Diane Rodríguez

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

This is a review of the book Navigating Teacher Education in Complex and Uncertain Times by Carmen I. Mercado. The volume offers an autoethnographic narrative of an innovative learning and teaching process in teacher training including her role as a professor responding to the needs of the urban diverse students and their families served. It is an ethnographic contribution where Mercado’s life and work are intertwined. Through a rich autobiographical account, spanning 40 years, Mercado theorizes from her experiences as a teacher and teacher educator, offering powerful lessons to teachers and teachers’ educators alike.


Career Long Scholarly Contributions To Educating Teachers For Multilingual Classrooms And Exploring Multilingualism, Yidan Shao, Patricia M. Velasco Apr 2025

Career Long Scholarly Contributions To Educating Teachers For Multilingual Classrooms And Exploring Multilingualism, Yidan Shao, Patricia M. Velasco

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

No abstract provided.


¿Y Ahora Qué? Interest Convergence And Hope Through Provision, Promotion, And Partnerships In Two-Way Dual Language Programs, Mitch Ingram, Charise Pimentel Apr 2025

¿Y Ahora Qué? Interest Convergence And Hope Through Provision, Promotion, And Partnerships In Two-Way Dual Language Programs, Mitch Ingram, Charise Pimentel

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

As Two-Way Dual Language Programs continue in their nascent stages in the United States, some teachers, administrators, and researchers have reported issues of interest convergence. In this article, two researchers work alongside a bilingual pre-service teacher to highlight three such examples: the business of learning a language, Latin@ Spanish-speaking students used as resources, and the gentrification of bilingual education. Beyond the diagnosis of such dilemmas, we offer a preliminary framework and some promising tenets of hope to overcome any such asymmetries that can exist when interested families from different social locations agree to collaborate in the journey of dual language …


Sociocultural Predictors Of Children’S Papiamento And Dutch Reading Literacy In The Dutch Caribbean, Melissa Van Der Elst-Koeiman, Eliane Segers, Ronald Severing, Ludo Verhoeven Apr 2025

Sociocultural Predictors Of Children’S Papiamento And Dutch Reading Literacy In The Dutch Caribbean, Melissa Van Der Elst-Koeiman, Eliane Segers, Ronald Severing, Ludo Verhoeven

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

This study examined how Papiamento and Dutch attitude and home literacy environment of 168 children in fourth grade of the post-colonial Dutch Caribbean, predicted L1 and L2 reading literacy in sixth grade. Overall, children had higher scores for reading literacy in L1 Papiamento as compared with L2 Dutch. They showed more positive attitudes towards their mother tongue, regarding language use, reading, and media use. Furthermore, literacy activities at home were more frequent in L1 than in L2, although they reported having more books at home in L2 than in L1. Finally, L1 home literacy activities were negatively related to L1 …


Description And Publishing Guidelines Apr 2025

Description And Publishing Guidelines

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

No abstract provided.


Life Long Perspectives On The Multilingual Experience, Annie Shaba Apr 2025

Life Long Perspectives On The Multilingual Experience, Annie Shaba

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

Multilingualism Across the Life Span is a text that explores the subject of language diversity and multilingualism across an individual’s lifespan and their community. Edited by Unn Røyneland and Robert Blackwood, the book features co-authored chapters that look into the complexities of linguistic diversity, multilingualism as a lived reality, and the non-linear trajectories of language development. The book is divided into three parts: methodological and theoretical developments in bilingual acquisition, language practices and policies in the family, and bilingual aging, communication, and cognitive impairments. It offers insights from research conducted in various parts of the world and is relevant for …


Navigating Taiwan's Bilingual 2030 Policy: Unveiling Teachers' Glocalization Efforts And Agency, Ching-Ching Lin, Ming-Hsuan Wu Apr 2025

Navigating Taiwan's Bilingual 2030 Policy: Unveiling Teachers' Glocalization Efforts And Agency, Ching-Ching Lin, Ming-Hsuan Wu

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

As a strategic initiative aimed to enhance English communication skills and bolster the global competitiveness of the general population, Taiwan’s Bilingual 2030 Policy takes place at the intersection of neoliberalism, globalization, and the global spread of the English language. The neoliberal framing of Taiwan’s language education policy has exerted powerful influences on teacher education, teacher hiring practices, curricular design, assessment, and other school practices. While the neoliberalist influences are prevalent among countries in the Global South, responses and resistance may take many forms embedded in specific sociocultural contexts. The reflection discussed here examines the challenges faced by teachers in Taiwan …


Jmer Volume 13 Apr 2025

Jmer Volume 13

Journal of Multilingual Education Research

No abstract provided.


Investigating The Role Of Semi-Public Open Spaces Of Housing Clusters As A Booster Of Social Interaction In Abu Dhabi Neighbourhoods, Mohammad Shuayyat Apr 2025

Investigating The Role Of Semi-Public Open Spaces Of Housing Clusters As A Booster Of Social Interaction In Abu Dhabi Neighbourhoods, Mohammad Shuayyat

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This thesis explores the relationship between urban housing cluster configurations, open space design, and social interaction in the context of Emirati neighborhoods, focusing on the Al Salamat area in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. It aims to investigate how different residential housing cluster types—such as cul-de-sacs, perimeter blocks, linear blocks, and closed-loop configurations—shape the usability and social function of semi-public open spaces. The study integrates theoretical insights from urban planning literature with empirical findings through spatial analysis (using Depth map X), field observations, and semi-structured interviews with residents.
The research adopts a mixed-method case study approach. It begins with a …


Legal And Ethical Challenges In Home Healthcare Administration, Chidubem Xerona Nnajiofor, Isheka Francis Apr 2025

Legal And Ethical Challenges In Home Healthcare Administration, Chidubem Xerona Nnajiofor, Isheka Francis

Liberty University Research Week

Health administrators in home healthcare face numerous legal and ethical issues that need careful management. The home healthcare industry delivers essential patient care services in residential settings while health administrators confront critical legal and ethical challenges. This research proposal seeks to explore the legal and ethical issues facing health administrators in the home healthcare industry, focusing on five primary areas: Health administrators in home healthcare must address legal and ethical challenges including eligibility criteria compliance, elder abuse and neglect cases, labor law adherence and worker rights protection as well as ethical patient care decisions along with healthcare worker overwork and …


Prm1 Influences Mating And Virulence In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Polycarp Amosun Apr 2025

Prm1 Influences Mating And Virulence In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Polycarp Amosun

Liberty University Research Week

Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic pathogen, relies on homeostasis, environmental stability, and adaptability for its growth and survival. C. neoformans primarily infects immunocompromised individuals, increasing the propensity of invading the central nervous system. The most affected are individuals with HIV/AIDs. Recently, the World Health Organization classified C. neoformans as a Critical Priority fungal pathogen due to its widespread presence and high mortality rate. The ability to adapt to changes in environmental pH is one of the key factors contributing to C. neoformans pathogenicity. The gene CNAG_05866 was recently identified by researchers at Duke University via a mutagenesis screen to identify genes …


A Dual Approach To Carbamate Pesticides: Extraction And Determination In Camel Milk And Date Palm Fruit In The Uae, And Photocatalytic Degradation In Water, Rana Fawzi Morsi Apr 2025

A Dual Approach To Carbamate Pesticides: Extraction And Determination In Camel Milk And Date Palm Fruit In The Uae, And Photocatalytic Degradation In Water, Rana Fawzi Morsi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

The growing global population has led to an increasing demand for food production, necessitating the widespread use of pesticides to enhance crop yield, improve quality, and protect against pests. Among the various types of pesticides, carbamates are extensively used due to their effectiveness in controlling pests. However, their residues in food products pose serious human health risks, including neurotoxicity, genetic mutations, cancer development, and immunosuppression. Therefore, the reliable detection and quantification of carbamate residues in food are paramount to ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance.

This dissertation focuses on developing and validating analytical techniques for extracting and detecting carbamate residues …


A Quantitative Study Teaching De-Escalation With Virtual Reality Simulation To Associate Nursing Students Measuring Effectiveness, Learning, And Confidence, Michele Marbet Apr 2025

A Quantitative Study Teaching De-Escalation With Virtual Reality Simulation To Associate Nursing Students Measuring Effectiveness, Learning, And Confidence, Michele Marbet

Liberty University Research Week

Workplace violence against nurses is a critical global public health issue, with one in four nurses reportedly experiencing physical assault by patients. This quantitative quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality simulation as a teaching strategy for de-escalation education in associate nursing students (N = 29) perception in learning and confidence. The study utilized the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) instrument to measure outcomes guided by Kolb's experiential learning theory and the NLN Jeffries simulation theory. The learning variable demonstrated significant improvement as confirmed by paired t-test analysis (p < .01). For the effectiveness and confidence variables, which violated assumptions of normality, a comprehensive statistical approach was implemented. Analysis included parametric testing via paired t-tests, supplemented by nonparametric methods (Wilcoxon Signed-ranks test and Sign test) to ensure statistical rigor. The cumulative results across all three statistical tests consistently demonstrated significant improvements (p < .001). Effect size calculations revealed medium to large significance for all variables measured by Cohen’s d. The conclusive findings of this research to reject all three null hypotheses suggest that virtual reality simulation is an effective teaching strategy for developing de-escalation skills, enhancing both learning and confidence among associate nursing students. Future studies are needed to further validate and expand upon the findings of the current research, potentially leading to more widespread adoption of virtual reality simulation in nursing education for teaching de-escalation. Keywords: Nursing education associate degree, de-escalation, virtual reality simulation, work-place violence


Genesis Flood And Tsunami Run-Up: A Study Of Zero Water Depth, Oluwafemi Samuel Dada, John Baumgardner, Mark Horstemeyer Apr 2025

Genesis Flood And Tsunami Run-Up: A Study Of Zero Water Depth, Oluwafemi Samuel Dada, John Baumgardner, Mark Horstemeyer

Liberty University Research Week

This research uses the Crank-Nicolson implicit scheme in two-dimensional finite-difference codes to overcome the numerical dispersion associated with tsunami wave propagation as the water depth approaches zero at the shoreland in order to accurately measure the distance of water moving over dry land. Accurately capturing the motion of water from the deep ocean to the coastal area faces numerical dispersion resulting from modeling tsunami behavior at the shoreline, which leads to an inaccurate solution thus causing unrealistic results. This study is developing a finite difference code that uses an implicit method, like the Crank-Nicolson method, to address the numerical issues …


Modeling Ectopic Pregnancy In Murids, Thomas Hall Apr 2025

Modeling Ectopic Pregnancy In Murids, Thomas Hall

Liberty University Research Week

Tubal ectopic pregnancy is a condition where a conceived embryo implants in the f allopian tube leading to the uterus, rather than in the uterus itself (1). As the baby grows, the tension it puts on the wall of the fallopian tube will cause it to tear, resulting in maternal hemorrhaging and death (2). Thus, tubal ectopic pregnancies are universally terminated either by surgical removal of the fallopian tube with the baby, or by chemically inducing miscarriage (3). Tubal ectopic pregnancy rarely occurs in animals, so researchers have no high-fidelity model for testing new interventions (4). Our hypothesis is that …


Development Of An Analytical Chemistry Method To Assess The Postmortem Interval, Lydia Buxa Apr 2025

Development Of An Analytical Chemistry Method To Assess The Postmortem Interval, Lydia Buxa

Liberty University Research Week

Recently, there has been a push within the forensic science community to develop more quantitative methods to better estimate the time since death or postmortem index (PMI) in decomposing remains found on crime scenes. When quantification is necessary, scientists often use gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), as it can simultaneously separate complex mixtures to identify and quantify the compounds present. Previous research has indicated that byproducts from putrefactive processes in liver and brain tissue could be detected and quantified using GC/MS methods.1, 2 During human decomposition, bacteria decarboxylate various amino acids present in the body, including ornithine and lysine. The products …