Digital Commons Network^™

Association Of Cerebrovascular Center Volume With Patient Outcomes, Stacey Quintero Wolfe, Justin R. Mascitelli, Kyle Fargen, Peter Kan, Ketan Bulsara, Christopher P. Kellner, Brian M. Howard, Michael R. Levitt, Rocco Armonda, Joshua Osbun, Clemens Schirmer, Mark Bain, William J. Mack, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris, Adam Arthur

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Current guidelines acknowledge the importance of both microsurgical and neuroendovascular expertise in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. To achieve optimal care for these patients, it is becoming increasingly evident that procedural volumes impact patient outcomes. This is demonstrated across various cerebrovascular diseases.In this literature review, we demonstrate the association of volume with patient outcomes across multiple cerebrovascular disease states and interventions. Microsurgical aneurysm clipping remains essential even with the rise of endovascular therapy and mortality and patient-safety indicator events are clearly lower at high-volume centers for both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Likewise, patients undergoing surgery for cerebrovascular malformations and carotid …

Programmes That Integrate Parenting Support And Financial Well-Being Support: A Systematic Scoping Review, Eleanor F. Bryant, Morwenna Rogers, Amy Bond, Georgia Smith, Rebecca Summers, James Hall, Kristin Liabo, Iain Lang, Vashti Berry, Nick Axford

Peninsula Medical School

Childhood experiences of economic disadvantage have harmful and long-lasting effects on child health. Early intervention can reduce some harms but it is unclear whether addressing economic disadvantage alongside psychosocial support yields additional benefits. This systematic scoping review aimed to identify evaluated programmes that integrate parenting support (PS) and financial well-being support (FWbS) for parents of children aged 0–19. The objectives were to describe programmes, relevant components, evaluation designs and impact on outcomes, and to consider if any programmes merit replication and testing in a UK context. Outcome or implementation evaluations of integrated PS and FWbS programmes published in English were …

Kelelahan Kerja, Kualitas Tidur, Dan Pengetahuan Mengemudi Defensif Sebagai Faktor Risiko Perilaku Defensive Driving Pada Pengemudi Grabcar Malang, Elisa Lutfiyah Azizah, Dian Puspitaningtyas Laksana, Marji Marji, Agung Kurniawan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Online transportation activities contribute to the increasing volume of vehicles, particularly GrabCar drivers in Malang City, which has the potential to worsen traffic congestion. Identification results showed that GrabCar drivers experienced drowsiness while driving and work fatigue due to the habit of working at night and for more than eight hours per day, accompanied by limited understanding related to defensive driving. This study aimed to determine the effect of work fatigue and knowledge, as well as differences in sleep quality scores, on defensive driving behavior. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 87 GrabCar drivers …

[Early Bird] The Texas Common Ownership Litigation: Sustainability, Competition, And The Boundaries Of Asset Manager Capitalism, Federico Ghezzi

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This article analyzes the recent attempt by the Texas Attorney General to invoke the common ownership doctrine as a new antitrust weapon against large institutional investors allegedly engaged in coordinated ESG strategies. The case represents a peculiar reversal of the traditional logic of the theory: rather than being used to constrain horizontal shareholdings that may reduce competition, common ownership is deployed here to challenge collective action aimed at promoting environmental sustainability. The paper situates this development within the broader debate on the anticompetitive effects of horizontal ownership, briefly examining the economic assumptions underlying the theory, the limits of its empirical …

Recent Developments, Steven H. Jacobs

Arkansas Law Review

Recent Developments in Arkansas Law

Anchoring’S Absurd Influence On Judging, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Andrew J. Wistrich

Arkansas Law Review

Society demands much from its judges. Notably, judges should never be illogical or inconsistent. The heart of what we expect of a judge is to apply the law to the facts in a logical and consistent way. The human mind, however, is not a giant syllogistic machine. People are obviously capable of using deductive logic, but decades of research on judgment and choice indicate that commonly used cognitive strategies to make decisions do not conform to the dictates of deductive logic. People rely on mental shortcuts, rather than logic. These shortcuts can be efficient and useful, but they do not …

A New Prescription: Arkansas Law On Pharmacy Benefit Managers, Emilee Webb

Arkansas Law Review

Seven thousand pharmacies have closed throughout the United States since 2019. This number includes both local pharmacies and larger chains. The effect of both types of closures, though, is the same—pharmacy deserts. A pharmacy desert can occur in all types of areas; it simply means that consumers lack “reasonable access” to a pharmacy. The usual standard is a pharmacy located more than one mile away in urban areas, two miles away in suburban areas, and ten miles away in rural areas. However, an objective mile range is not always dispositive of a pharmacy desert. Even if a pharmacy is located …

Judicial Rhetoric: Writing Persuasive Opinions, Gerald Lebovits

Arkansas Law Review

In 1947, Judge George Rose Smith denounced, in the Arkansas Law Review, the “dearth of material concerning the mechanics of writing a judicial opinion” as a “striking omission in legal literature.” He was right.

The lack of attention given to the judicial opinion-writing process back then was hard to justify. Judges spend much of their time writing decisions. Decisions are important. They determine rights and responsibilities, as well as resolve controversies. Scholars have written about every aspect of judging and legal issue—except one of the most important ones: how to decide a case and justify the decision. Judicial opinions set …

Promoting A Rhetoric Of Judicial Legitimacy In Pro Se Litigation, Alistair E. Newbern

Arkansas Law Review

In recent months, headline after headline has decried twin threats to the federal judiciary: declining public trust in the courts and escalating threats to judges’ personal safety. The public’s opinion of the Supreme Court reached “close to a three decade low” in 2025, while Americans’ confidence in the federal judiciary as a whole “dropped to a record-low 35% in 2024.”

In his 2024 Year End Report on the Federal Judiciary, Chief Justice John Roberts identified a recent uptick in four areas of “illegitimate activity” that “threaten the independence of judges on which the rule of law depends: (1) violence, (2) …

Intellectual Humility By Design: How Courts Earn Legitimacy And Improve Decisions, Steve Leben

Arkansas Law Review

Courts decide disputes as one branch of our government. Their authority depends not only on getting the outcome right but also on public acceptance of their authority. In a time when confidence in institutions is under pressure, courts cannot assume that legitimacy will take care of itself. They must earn it—case by case—through both the substance of what they decide and the way they exercise authority in public view.

A large body of procedural-justice research explains one side of that equation. People are more willing to accept court decisions, even unfavorable ones, when the process communicates voice, neutrality, respect, and …

Foreword, Amanda B. Hurst

Arkansas Law Review

This Symposium, The Art of Judging, delved into the complexity of the judicial craft, discussing the intellectual, practical, and human dimensions of judicial work. The Symposium addressed courtroom management, decision-making, and opinion writing, as well as the impact of evolving technologies on these core judicial functions. Another key focus was the increasing challenges judges face in responding to litigants’ wellness issues, managing their own well-being, and maintaining the judicial persona—both inside and outside the courtroom. Though the Symposium was not born out of the aim of combating the current climate, where misinformation and misunderstanding of the judicial role threaten …

Contents, Journal Editors

Arkansas Law Review

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Law Review - Volume 79 Issue 2, Journal Editors

Arkansas Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Rise Of Options Contracts In Sports, The Post-Murphy Regulatory Conundrum, And Implications On Federalism, Scott Barboza

UNH Sports Law Review

The Supreme Court’s decision in Murphy v. N.C.A.A. dismantled the federal prohibition on state-authorized sports betting and returned its primary regulatory authority over to the states. Following Murphy, states adopted widely varying sports-betting regimes. At the same time, advances in financial technology and the growing popularity of prediction markets created a new form of event-based speculation operating outside the traditional sportsbook model. Platforms such as Kalshi began offering “yes-no” contracts tied to sporting outcomes through federally regulated exchanges overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, framing such products not as wagers, but as financial derivatives governed by the Commodity Exchange …

New Playbook: How The Modern College Sports Legal Landscape Shapes The Women Athlete Experience And Future, Hannah Martin

UNH Sports Law Review

This Article examines how the emergence of Name, Image, and Likeness (“NIL”) rights and the approval of the House settlement have transformed the experience and future of women college athletes. For the first time in modern college athletics, athletes are permitted to profit from their personal brands through endorsements, sponsorships, social media promotions, and institutional revenue-sharing opportunities. These developments have created unprecedented visibility and economic opportunity for women athletes, particularly in sports such as basketball, gymnastics, and volleyball, where athletes have demonstrated significant commercial value and audience engagement. At the same time, the rapid commercialization of college sports has introduced …

Table Of Contents, Isabelle Silva

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Doing Away With The Ncaa’S Duration Of Eligibility Rules, Michael Lewis

UNH Sports Law Review

The NCAA imposes durational eligibility limits restricting a student athlete’s eligibility to compete in college sports. Under NCAA rules, an athlete is granted four-seasons of competition in any single sport and no more than five-years of eligibility commencing at matriculation. These rules have come under increasing scrutiny in federal court, as the law acknowledges commercial realities. In numerous cases, federal district courts have enjoined their enforcement against Division I football players under the Sherman Act. On the eve of the Final Four, 2026, the White House weighed in, expressing support for durational limits, and arguing (without support) that imposing limits …

Immigration Law Meets College Athlete Pay: How U.S. Immigration Law Excludes International College Athletes From The Compensation Revolution, Jeff Justiz

UNH Sports Law Review

When the House v. NCAA settlement authorized up to $20.5 million in annual direct revenue-sharing payments to college athletes, it resolved one century-old injustice and quietly created another. For the approximately 15,000 international student-athletes competing on F-1 visas, the same payments that enrich their domestic teammates may constitute unauthorized employment under federal immigration law, threatening deportation and visa revocation. This Note argues that the House settlement has exposed a structural collision between NCAA compensation policy and F-1 immigration doctrine that existing visa categories – the P-1A, the O-1, and various permanent-residency pathways – are individually incapable of resolving. Using Poa …

Editor's Foreword, Isabelle Silva

UNH Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reflections On Pretrained Chatbots, Hassan Essoussi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

No one can deny the development of artificial intelligence which creates a new version of robots that is modern and sophisticated, such as pre-trained chatbots. These chatbots are based on linguistic models designed for continuous interaction between the chatbot and its user. They can be used to search for information from various sources, both scientific and non-scientific. Moreover, chatbots raise many fundamental problems and questions about how to protect users of this linguistic model on the one hand, the legal nature of pre-trained chatbots on the second hand, and the civil liability of this modern form and its differences from …

Digitalization Of Medicine Through Telemedicine: The Legal Framework And Medical Liability, Samira Krourou

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This study examines telemedicine as a modern medical practice linked to the technological and informational advancements that humanity has witnessed and that have been positively integrated into the medical field. It has become possible to examine and treat patients without requiring their physical presence in a clinic or hospital, unlike the traditional approach, that necessitates the patient's presence and direct contact with their physician. Contemporary medical practice is no longer confined to examination and prescription alone; it has expanded to encompass more complex domains, notably enabling remote surgical interventions. In light of technological progress in medicine, it has become necessary …

The Notarial Profession Between Legal Roots And The Challenges Of Digital Modernization, Yassine Ait Ahmed

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper focuses on returning to the origins of the legal regulation of the notarial profession, which is linked to the development of mechanisms for the protection of rights and systems governing legal transactions. This protection symbolizes one of the official functions of the State and is manifested in the field of evidence, as the documents issued by this authority, by virtue of the legal powers vested in it, enjoy the status of official (authentic) instruments. This status has been further strengthened with the adoption of digitization, which has required its development in order to meet the expectations of digital …

The Independence Of Supervisory Authorities: A Comparative Analysis Of Morocco's Law 09-08 And The European General Data Protection Regulation, Zakariyae Hamdani, Karim Seffar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The effectiveness of personal data protection presupposes the establishment of supervisory authorities endowed with substantial independence, guarantors of fundamental rights and capable of preventing the risks inherent in data processing. However, the comparison between the European GDPR and Moroccan Law No. 09-08 reveals a manifest institutional asymmetry. Indeed, European authorities operate within a substantially more comprehensive normative framework, characterised by enshrined autonomy, extended prerogatives and enhanced operational efficiency. Conversely, the Moroccan CNDP remains afflicted by structural deficiencies: institutional dependence, lack of coercive powers and budgetary insufficiency. Consequently, this comparative investigation aims to identify the cardinal principles likely to inform a …

Deepfake: A Practice On The Edge Of Legality, Bouthaïna Aaziz

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Deepfakes – hyperrealistic videos manipulated using deep learning algorithms – raise significant legal challenges touching on human rights and legal governance. A deepfake usurps the identity of its victim to exploit their credibility and reputation. This article examines the applicable legal framework, first identifying pre-existing rules from Moroccan law (civil liability, personal data protection under Law No. 09-08, criminal provisions of the Penal Code and Press Law No. 88-13) that can be applied to deepfakes, and then advocating for the adoption of an adapted legal framework. The author distinguishes between creative deepfakes (requiring informed consent) and manipulative deepfakes (requiring criminal …

Gafam And Competition Law: The Premises Of Regulation, El Mahdi Taimouri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

GAFAM are among those structural digital platforms whose ultra-dominant position in digital markets and the originality of their practices raise unprecedented competition issues. Their spontaneous tendency toward concentration results from the implementation of innovative business models based on massive data capture and exploitation through high-performance algorithms. The specificities inherent in these web giants raise questions about the ability of classical competition law rules to ensure efficient regulation. Indeed, competitive regulation of these platforms raises essential challenges and proves indispensable, even if the effective realization of such an undertaking appears laborious.

Requalification Of Employment Relations On Digital Platforms – Commentary On The Ruling Of The Social Chamber Of The French Court Of Cassation Of 4 March 2020, Appeal No. 19-13.316, Abdelhadi Al Hantali El Idrissi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Despite the efforts made by legislators to facilitate the task of qualifying the employment contract for judges, the judge's role in this qualification process remains primordial, as they face hybrid and increasingly complex situations that may fall into several contradictory contractual categories not anticipated by the law. This article examines a landmark ruling by the Social Chamber of the French Court of Cassation of 4 March 2020 (Appeal No. 19-13.316), in which the Court confirmed the requalification of a partnership contract between an Uber driver and the company into an employment contract. The analysis is structured around three complementary phases: …

From Legal Norms To Algorithmic Rules: Reflections On Blockchain And Smart Contracts, Yassine Dourhani, Fatim Ezzahra Boussetta

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Blockchain technology and smart contracts are profoundly reshaping contract law by partially replacing traditional legal rules with algorithmic norms based on automation and self-execution. By embedding the parties' agreement into computer code deployed on a distributed ledger, these technologies promise enhanced security, certainty of performance, and the reduction of traditional intermediaries. However, this emerging algorithmic normativity confronts fundamental requirements of contract law, particularly those relating to validity, flexibility in the face of unforeseen events, and the protection of contracting parties. While automatic execution strengthens technical efficiency, it also exposes significant legal limitations, including the rigidity of code, the absence of …

The Legal Challenges Of Blockchain In Relation To The Legal Professions, Hind Tak-Tak, Hanane Jalal

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Blockchain technology was initially conceived as a disintermediation tool based on algorithmic trust, aiming to challenge the traditional role of trusted third parties in legal and economic relationships. By relying on distributed, immutable, and transparent ledgers, blockchain claims to offer an alternative to centralized institutions, particularly in the fields of evidence, contracts, and authentication. However, a legal analysis demonstrates that this promise of disintermediation remains largely relative. While blockchain enables technical certification of data and the automated execution of obligations through smart contracts, it does not ensure valid contract formation, effective protection of the weaker party, or compliance with the …

Editorial : Digital Law, Karim Seffar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This special issue of REMADEG explores the profound transformations undergone by law in the face of the digital revolution. The contributions interrogate the legal challenges posed by disruptive technologies, their implications for traditional legal institutions, and the normative responses needed to govern these transformations. Topics covered include blockchain and smart contracts, digital platform labor relations, GAFAM regulation through competition law, deepfakes, personal data protection authority independence, telemedicine liability, and pretrained conversational robots.

Pride March Celebration, Cardozo Alumni Association, Cardozo Outlaw

2025–2026 Flyers

No abstract provided.