Digital Commons Network^™

Psychological Loneliness Among Widows In Baghdad Governorate, Mohammed Ahmed Abdullah Salim Al-Fayyadh

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research addressed an important concept, which is the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows. The aim of the research was to measure psychological loneliness among widows in Baghdad Governorate, as well as to identify the significance of differences among widows according to the variable (I work - I do not work) and to measure the significance of differences in the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows according to the variable of the number of children. To achieve the objectives, the researcher adopted the psychological loneliness scale of the researcher Wafaa Hussein Khuwaiter from Palestine. The researcher built this …

Traumatic Childhood Experiences In Middle-School Adolescents, Zainab Abdullah, Hassan Ali Al-Sayed

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current research aims to: • Identify the painful childhood experiences among adolescents. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach for the current study, which was conducted on a sample of middle school adolescents in Baghdad. The researcher used the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) tool, developed by (Felitti, et al, 1998), and later modified by the Gulf Research Center (BARC). This tool consists of 19 items related to painful childhood experiences, with responses recorded as "Yes" or "No." Additionally, the Impact Measure (IE-S), consisting of 22 items distributed across three subscales (avoidance, intrusion, and physical responses), was utilized. The responses were …

Infallible Or Fallible For Students’ Use? Interdownload And Confessions With Open Ai’ Chatgpt, Aymen Al Qaradaghi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

In this study, OpenAI ChatGPT known as a GPT-3 (Generative pre-trained transformer) and the tool of learning has the ability to innovate and generate ideas was interdownloaded. The scope of the study is about the use of OpenAI ChatGPT by students and the impact on them. Several questions were asked and responses received from ChatGPT. Even this study is not the first regarding OpenAI ChatGPT, but the originality of this study is about establishing the idea of students’ blind use of artificial intelligence. The result shows that ChatGPT has advantages and disadvantages on students. Advantages are superficial for students, however, …

Structuralism, Maternal Authority, And Social Struggle In Clifford Odets’ Awake And Sing!, Suaad Abd Ali Kareem

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The current study explores the representation of maternal authority and its intersection with structuralist dynamics and socio-economic struggles in Clifford Odets’ Awake and Sing! through the character of Bessie Berger. Positioned as the central force within the Berger household, Bessie embodies a maternal figure whose dominance has a negative impact on the relationship with her children by using them as tools to fulfill her dreams. By applying a structuralism, alongside an analysis of maternal authority and social struggles, the study examines the binary oppositions of control versus freedom and materialism versus idealism, highlighting the tensions between Bessie’s authority pursuit of …

Geomorphological Indicators Of Tectonic Activity Of Selected Basins In The Dokan Area, Northeastern Iraq, Mohammed Hisham Abdul Rahman Mohi Al-Shammari

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Through the study and application of tectonic geomorphological indicators, it was found that the basins in the region have a high tectonic index, as the region suffers from continuous seismic activity and recurrence of earthquakes. Tectonic activity indicates the severity of the ruggedness of the basins and the slope in the region and the recurrence of landslide risks and the activity of the effectiveness of geomorphological processes. By using the equations of tectonic geomorphological indicators for the basins, which indicate or indicate the presence of tectonic activity, the river network was extracted through the digital elevation model (DEM) and the …

Development Of Children's Understanding Of Conflict Resolution, Noor Rafe’ Muhammed, Intisar Hashem Mahdi

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Childhood is one of the most important stages in a person's life, as the first personality traits are formed and the basic building blocks for mental, social, and emotional growth are laid. Hence, studying how children acquire concepts is a very important topic, so our research came to present one of these concepts, as the research topic aims to understand conflict resolution for Iraqi children, and aims to identify: 1. Understanding conflict resolution according to the variables: A. Age (5, 6, 7( B. Gender (males, females( 2. Identifying the significance of differences according to the variables: A. Age (5, 6, …

The Euro-Maghreb Political Approach To Illegal Migration 1990-2010, Sondos A. Taha

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This study aims to monitor the political actions undertaken by European and Maghreb countries in combating the phenomenon of illegal immigration from 1990 to 2010. This leads us to a problematic question regarding the seriousness and effectiveness of Euro-Maghreb political cooperation in addressing this phenomenon. In this study, we adopted a methodology dictated by the nature of the topic, primarily the historical method, by tracing the development of migration trends within the European Union. This approach helps us understand the nature of European migration policies by following their evolution from the Cold War era to the most recent policies implemented …

Pioneers Of Islamic Education In China Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Elias, D. 1597 Ad, Leqaa Shaker Khatar

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This research deals with the biography of Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Elias, one of the most prominent pioneers of Islamic education in China during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The Sheikh was born in the city of Nanjing during the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and grew up in a distinguished scientific environment that enabled him to combine Islamic sciences with traditional Chinese culture . The research discussed his most prominent contributions to spreading Islamic education, including establishing religious schools in mosques to teach Islamic sciences and the Arabic language, and translating Islamic texts …

Analysis Of Narrative Speech In George Salem's Story Collection (Departure), Ansam Arkan Hariz

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Short story art is an important creative narrative arts; Having a speech that reflects the author's (text sender's) download of an idea, he strives to disseminate that speech among the elements of the story text. George Salem's anecdotal collection carried a speech, reflecting his feelings and feelings. It was a sincere picture of his reality, as well as his description of his suffering, pain and psychological crisis. The writer tends to express those feelings with a personality (the unsung hero), which opens up a wide range of questions, thus leading us to a plethora of interpretations and connotations. The lesson …

An Approach To Advertising Through The Words ‘Reality’ And ‘Incident’ In The Koranic Text, Mahabad Hashim Ibrahim

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The term ‘advertising’ has expanded its field of knowledge by relying on the suggestive image that indicates semantic loading, and that is based on influence, persuasion, reporting and communication. It also expanded its emotional value that is manifested in those motivations that control the individual’s behavior to do an action as a result of the influences s/she experienced. In addition, advertisement, which is based on denotation, is not only a commercial field, but has become a field of knowledge in linguistic and literary studies. It has become a type of discourse that has its own semiotic and pragmatic features, and …

A Sociopragmatic Study Of Emojis As Non-Verbal Cues In Virtual Team Meetings, Abdulkarim Fadhil Jameel

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The sociopragmatic study examines the use of emojis as non-verbal cues in virtual team meetings, analyzing their linguistic and pragmatic functions across professional domains, meeting types, and levels of formality. The study focuses on how emojis contribute to meaning-making in remote work settings using platforms like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Slack. It draws on a dataset of 50 virtual meetings from technology, education, health, and finance sectors, with informed consent from participants. This diverse sample allows for an exploration of emoji use across various organizational cultures and communication practices. The study categorizes meetings into four types: routine check-ins, brainstorming sessions, …

The Echo Of Surrealism: Introspecting The Enigma In Selected Poems Of David Gascoyne, Hanan Abd Zaid, Nadia Ali Ismael

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The research seeks to provide a clear vision of the contribution of David Gascoyne (1916-2001) to British surrealism, the main surrealist elements, and the psychological scope of this movement; more precisely to expose the enigmatic allure of the unconscious. It presents Gascoyne's surrealist phase as a creative breakthrough in poetry. The selected poems from his volume Man's Life Is This Meat (1936) will be discussed in this research through the lens of Freud's theories of dreams and the unconscious. This approach helps to unravel the mysterious nature of the poems, which parallels the enigmatic qualities of the dreams. Surrealism, as …

Study Of The Rural Environment In The Novel »A Small Death« By Mohammed Hasan Alwan, Ahmad Abed Mirza, Yahya Ma'ruf

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The novel "Mawt Saghir" by Mohammad Hassan Alwan is considered one of the most significant contemporary literary works addressing existential themes and spirituality. It explores the symbolism of death, immortality, and religious rituals in rural life through the character of Ibn Arabi. The novel illustrates how characters are influenced by the contrast between the calm rural environment and the chaotic urban one. Despite the tranquility of rural life, Ibn Arabi experiences a sense of confinement, struggling with adaptation to change and feelings of separation and longing. However, the breathtaking nature and rural landscapes offer him an opportunity for self-reflection and …

Study Of Characters In “Cheapest Nights” By Yusuf Idris, Elaf Muhammad Abbas, Yahya Ma'ruf, Ali Akbar Mohseni

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

Yusuf Idris, born in 1927, published over 35 works spanning short stories, novels, and plays. His writings vividly depict poverty and deprivation experienced by marginalized classes. "Cheapest Nights" is among his most remarkable works, delving deeply into societal issues, analyzing social relationships, and addressing environmental challenges. Idris wrote about diverse figures: students, workers, farmers, professionals, intellectuals, men, and women. In this story, he follows a hardworking peasant whose sole pleasure lies in increasing his offspring. The collection carries profound social significance, expressed in simple and accessible language.This study focuses on evaluating the characters. First, we examine their coherence within the …

Working Paper No. 95, Jeremy Bentham And English Common Law, Anastasia Klingler

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that in his book, The Theory of Legislation [1802], author Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) critiqued English Common Law while also posing solutions and alternatives. The first part of this inquiry considers Bentham’s critique of the degrees of vagueness and confusion that could be associated with what is noted as “Common Law” with its emphasis upon the “principle of expectation.” In addition, this inquiry introduces and considers Bentham’s warnings against uses associated with the English legal system and its emphasis upon the importance of “precedent,” as this emphasis is argued to open risks for abuse by courts …

Working Paper No. 97, Business Sabotage In Theory And Practice, Nathan Lewis-Lusso

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that theoretical advances offered earlier on by one Karl Marx and some decades later by one Thorstein Veblen offer insights into forms of business sabotage. Drawing upon their writings, this inquiry considers how in the writings of Marx, already in the mid-nineteenth century surplus value extraction and pecuniary sabotage serve as structural features found in a market-based economy. Marx’s consideration of surplus labor and artificial scarcity reveals how private investment seeks to constrain production in order to preserve and enhance profitability. Veblen’s theory of institutional sabotage complements Marx’s view by showing how firms could delay …

Working Paper No. 98, Selma Mushkin And The Emergence Of The Field Of Health Economics, Sadie Kautz

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that through her effective efforts, Selma Mushkin promoted and shaped the field of Health Economics. Perhaps most importantly, she redefined health as a form of human capital that needed to be considered as both essential and integral to economic growth. In her 1958 paper: “Toward a Definition of Health Economics,” she defined the scope of this emerging field through emphasizing how improved resource allocation could lead to efficiency gains. Appearing as her 1962 article in the Journal of Political Economy, with “Health as an Investment” Mushkin advanced the idea that--much like education--public spending on health …

Working Paper No. 102, Knowledge And Power: Towards Anintellectual Biography Of Michel Foucault, Amanda Bergeson

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that in his efforts as an intellectual, scholar, and author of books that would include Discipline and Punish [1975], Michel Foucault emphasizes the importance of power and power relations, especially of an authority (such as a sovereign) over the common people. Drawing from Discipline and Punish [1975], this inquiry considers how Foucault’s understanding of genealogy got rooted and shaped by Friedrich Nietzsche’s critique of history; a view which altogether challenged the idea of historical progress, while also revealing the contingent nature of truth. The second section considers how sovereign power evolves into disciplinary mechanisms embedded …

Working Paper No. 103, Russia And The Myriad Of Challenges Associatedwith ‘Relative Backwardness’, Jacob Wood

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that over recent of centuries Russia exhibits signs of what is termed as ‘relative backwardness.’ Drawing from Alexander Gershenkron’s (1962, 62-70) understanding of ‘backwardness in historical perspective,’ as well as Karl Marx’s ([1845] 1977, 39-43) concept of ‘historical materialism,’ this inquiry examines how successive Russian regimes sought to close the developmental gap with western countries through state-led modernization efforts. What stands out is that when confronted with attempting deep structural challenges, each leader turned to centralized authority and coercive reforms—not by choice, but out of necessity. Our inquiry considers Nicolas II’s failure to modernize Russia’s …

Hydrogen Storage In Multilayer Ti3c2tx Mxene, Yi Zhi Chu, Kah Chun Lau

Michigan Tech Publications

In this work, we systematically investigated the hydrogen storage properties of multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene using density functional theory (DFT) coupled with the quantum-thermodynamic model to include the thermodynamic effect on hydrogen adsorption and storage behavior over a wide range of applied pressure and temperature. In addition to the surface-adsorbed hydrogen, we show that the interlayer spacing is a plausible storage route that could contribute to an additional hydrogen storage capacity. Due to hydrogen-bond bounded multilayer Ti3C2Tx, the insertion, diffusion, and adsorption of hydrogen molecules into the interlayer spacing of the multilayer structure require sufficient external pressure to overcome the energy …

Type I Interferon Protects Against Bone Loss In Periodontitis By Mitigating An Interleukin (Il)-17-Neutrophil Axis, Jinmei Zhang, Qiong Ding, Angela X Wang, Maoxuan Lin, Ning Yu, Kevin Moss, Megumi A Williamson, Di Miao, Julie T Marchesan, Erliang Zeng, Wei Shi, Hongli Sun, Yu Leo Lei, Shaoping Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Type I interferons (IFNs-I), a group of pleiotropic cytokines, critically modulate host response in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of the IFN-I pathway in periodontitis remains largely unknown. In this report, we describe that the IFN-β levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of human subjects were negatively associated with periodontitis and clinical gingival inflammation. Disruption of IFN-I signaling worsened alveolar bone resorption in a ligature-induced periodontitis murine model. Deficiency of the IFN-I pathway resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response in myeloid cells and drastically increased the interleukin-17 (IL-17)-mediated neutrophil recruitment in the gingiva. We further identified that the myeloid …

Expansively Framing Mathematics And Computer Science Teaching With Digital Technology In Elementary Classrooms, Kimberly E. Beck, Jessica F. Shumway, Patrick Ocran, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and an instructional technique to facilitate connections between content and contexts. We employed EF as an approach to create a series of integrated mathematics and computer science (CS) lessons, using digital technology as a tool to leverage shared mathematical and computational ideas. We used deductive theoretical qualitative analysis of transcripts of classroom implementations to investigate how two fifth-grade teachers and one computer lab paraprofessional educator used EF during their teaching and what the EF approach looked like in practice. Findings suggested that educators engaged in EF principles when they were present in curricular materials, …

First Opinions, Second Reactions: A Collection Of Innovative Online Reviews Of Literature For Children And Young Adults, Janet Alsup, Christy Wessel-Powell

Purdue University Press Books

First Opinions, Second Reactions: A Collection of Innovative Online Reviews of Literature for Children and Young Adults features selected pieces from the journal First Opinions, Second Reactions, which reviews children’s and young adult books. The journal, and this book, consist of reviews of books written by scholars of children’s and YA literature, followed up with responses from those who share the books with their intended audiences—children and teens. The editors have selected twelve issues classified under four thematic categories (social and political issues; diversity and inclusion; identification and empathy; and genre study) to represent the depth and breadth of …

Elite Cohesion And Its Historical Sources: Analyzing Its Impact On Democratization In Nigeria And Botswana, Aliaa Magdy Aboutera

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines the divergent democratization trajectories of Botswana and Nigeria, focusing on the role of colonial legacies and post-colonial elites in shaping elite cohesion. While both countries experienced British colonial rule, their transitions to democracy in the post-independence period have differed significantly. This study argues that elite cohesion, although insufficient on its own, is a critical facilitating factor in democratic consolidation that warrants greater attention in the democratization literature. This cohesion is largely shaped by the sociology of political elites, with historical contexts influencing how elites organize. Through process tracing, the thesis argues that colonialism in Botswana did not …

Management And Optimization Of Chronic Renal Insufficiency In The Setting Of Kidney Cancer A Systematic Review, Jessica K. Cobb, Hiroko Miyagi, Jad Chahoud, Claude Bassil, Philippe E. Spiess

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

PURPOSE: There is a bidirectional relationship between chronic kidney disease and the incidence of renal cell carcinoma. Despite the frequency of patients with both chronic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma, there are limited systematic reviews detailing the nuanced treatment. This review provides comprehensive insights for clinicians for managing chronic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Methods and Methods: We reviewed published literature that examined either chronic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma or an indirect contributor of both.

RESULTS: We compare and contrast renal cell carcinoma treatment with partial and radical nephrectomies, ablative techniques, and radiation and their impact …

So Who Gets To Be Modern? Jadidism And Reform In Late Nineteenth And Early Twentieth Century Russia, Grant Douglas Linville

University Honors Theses

Jadidism was a sociocultural reformist project from the 1880s to 1920s developed by Muslim intellectuals in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The Jadidist movement derives its name from the "new-method" (usul-al Jadid) schools that spread Jadid pedagogy, which revolved around the inclusion of secular topics and Western knowledge as well as instruction in local, Tatar, and Russian languages, in addition to the already present religious studies accompanied by Arabic and Persian taught in the Islamic educational institutions the maktab and madrasa (primary and higher education respectively). Over time Jadidism grew to encompass a host of societal …

Pvc Biodegradation Potential Of Native Fungal Strains From Mt. Hood National And Tillamook State Forests, Bristol Ozturgut

University Honors Theses

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a toxic, degradation-resistant environmental waste product. Recent research has revealed fungal enzymatic activity capable of biodegrading plastics. As PVC infiltrates local environments, it becomes imperative to determine the adaptability of local fungi to PVC substrates. In this experiment, 100 local native fungal strains sampled from the Tillamook State and Mt. Hood National forests and one commercial strain of common oyster mushroom were investigated for their ability to colonize and digest PVC by direct isolation on 0.1% and 0.2% PVC-enriched limited growth media. Substrates for positive cultures were imaged using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze potential …

The Potential For Improv As A Therapeutic Tool In The Context Of Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Suggestions For Dbt Clinicians, Jocelyn Borden

University Honors Theses

This thesis explores the theoretical and practical intersections between improvisational theater and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), proposing that the core tenets of improv closely align with the philosophical foundation and therapeutic goals of DBT. Aimed at mental health professionals, this work provides a conceptual framework and praxis for incorporating improv-based activities into DBT skills training to enhance client engagement, experiential learning, and emotional resilience. Through an examination of improv theory, parallels with DBT principles, and practical suggestions for integration, the thesis outlines how applied improvisation can be used as a supplemental tool in traditional DBT treatment. The final section includes …

Where's The Dim Sum? Art, Oral History, And The Chinese American Diaspora In Portland, Or, Rayli Dornan

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the history, transformation, and contemporary significance of Portland's Chinatown through an oral history framework, emphasizing the voices of Chinese American artists. Beginning with a comprehensive historical overview from the mid-nineteenth-century Gold Rush migrations and railroad labor to twentieth-century exclusion, dispossession under urban renewal, and the late-twentieth-century dispersal into suburbs, the thesis traces how structural racism and policy shaped both the physical landscape and communal life of Oregon's Chinese diaspora. Through in-depth interviews with local artists, this research aims to illuminate how individual experiences of identity, belonging, and creative expression navigate the tensions between heritage and adaptation.

Drawing …

Self-Representation In Manga: The Importance Of Gay & Lesbian Visibility In Japanese Society, Rylan Newsom

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the evolving landscape of gay and lesbian self-representation in Japanese manga through a hermeneutic analysis of three key texts: My Lesbian Experience with Loneliness by Kabi Nagata, and My Brother's Husband and Our Colors by Gengoroh Tagame. It investigates how manga functions not only as a storytelling medium but as a sociocultural mirror, uniquely positioned to illuminate the often-invisible negotiations of identity, shame, and social position that queer individuals experience in Japan. Through the lens of Takie Lebra's concept of bun (role or place in society), this project explores the ways in which queer characters seek legitimacy, …