Digital Commons Network^™

A Chronic Acinetobacter Baumannii Pneumonia Model To Study Long-Term Virulence Factors, Antibiotic Treatments, And Polymicrobial Infections, Clay D Jackson-Litteken, Gisela Di Venanzio, Manon Janet-Maitre, Ítalo A Castro, Joseph J Mackel, Leslie D Wilson, David A Rosen, Carolina B López, Mario F Feldman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Acinetobacter baumannii causes prolonged infections that disproportionately affect immunocompromised populations. Our understanding of A. baumannii respiratory pathogenesis relies on an acute murine infection model with limited clinical relevance that employs an unnaturally high number of bacteria and requires assessment of bacterial load at 24-36 h post-infection. Here, we demonstrate that low intranasal inoculums in tlr4 mutant mice allows for infections lasting at least 3 weeks. Using this "chronic infection model" we determine the adhesin InvL is a virulence factor required during later stages of infection, despite being dispensable in the early phase. We also demonstrate that the chronic model enables …

Informatics At The Frontier Of Cancer Research, Kathleen Noller, Malachi Griffith, Daniel Marcus, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Digitized healthcare data, high-throughput profiling technologies, and data repositories have facilitated the emergence of a new era of cancer research. Each data stream requires specialized analysis methods for interpretation. The data-driven era of cancer research requires the development, enhancement, and sustainment of informatics technology software infrastructure, including fundamental methodology development in artificial intelligence and data science. We review current and emerging informatics technology developments for cancer research and discovery, spanning molecular and cellular characterizations, image analysis, informatics, and therapeutics. Summarizing the diverse methods and applications of informatics throughout cancer research identifies themes and emerging areas for the next generation of …

Implementation Of Clinical Practice Guidelines To Prevent Cervical Cancer: Mixed Methods Study, Oliver C Ezechi, Folahanmi T Akinsolu, Olunike R Abodunrin, Oluwabukola M Ola, Chisom Obi-Jeff, Ishak K Lawal, George U Eleje, Joseph D Tucker, Juliet I Iwelunmor

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a common cause of death among women globally, particularly in Africa. Each year, an average of 7093 women in Nigeria die from cervical cancer. Clinical practice guidelines developed by the Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nigeria (SOGON) aim to prevent cervical cancer. However, the extent of their adoption among gynecologists remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess Nigerian gynecologists' awareness, understanding, and incorporation of the SOGON clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer prevention in their clinical practices.

METHODS: A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. Quantitative data were collected via a web-based and …

Integration Of Spatial Protein Imaging And Transcriptomics In The Human Kidney Tracks The Regenerative Potential Of Proximal Tubules, Mahla Asghari, Sanjay Jain, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The organizational principles of nephronal segments are based on anatomical and physiological attributes that are linked to the homeostatic functions of the kidney. Recent molecular approaches have uncovered layers of deeper signatures and states in tubular cells that arise at various time points on the disease trajectory. Here, we introduce an analytical pipeline of multiplexed spatial protein imaging integrated with RNA expression to characterize proximal tubular subpopulations and neighborhoods in human kidney tissue. We demonstrate that, in reference tissue, a large proportion of S1 proximal tubular epithelial cells expresses thymus antigen 1 (THY1), a mesenchymal stromal and stem cell marker …

Highly Potent And Subtype-Selective Sperm-Specific Potassium Channel Slo3 Inhibitors Display High Tissue Exposure In The Murine Female Reproductive Tract, Kayla J Temple, Ping Li, Maximilian D Lyon, Shweta Bhagwat, Leila Asadi, Sophia Li, Ronald Mccarthy, Celia M Santi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

To date, the study of drug exposure and distribution throughout the female reproductive tract has often been overlooked and neglected. Herein, we report the first highly potent and subtype-selective sperm-specific potassium channel 3 (SLO3) inhibitors as a new modality of contraceptives. After extensive

Sox2 Regulates Foregut Squamous Epithelial Homeostasis And Is Lost During Barrett's Esophagus Development, Ramon U. Jin, Yuanwei Xu, T. Mamie Lih, Yang-Zhe Huang, Toni M. Nittolo, Blake E. Sells, Olivia M. Dres, Jean S. Wang, Qing K. Li, Hui Zhang, Jason C. Mills

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasingly prevalent and is thought to arise from Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplastic condition in which chronic acid and bile reflux transforms the esophageal squamous epithelium into a gastric-intestinal glandular mucosa. The molecular determinants driving this metaplasia are poorly understood. We developed a human BE organoid biobank that recapitulates BE's molecular heterogeneity. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, supported by patient tissue analysis, revealed that BE differentiation reflects a balance between SOX2 (foregut/esophageal) and CDX2 (hindgut/intestinal) transcription factors. Using squamous-specific inducible Sox2-KO (Krt5CreER/+ Sox2Δ/Δ ROSA26tdTomato/+) mice, we observed increased basal proliferation, reduced squamous differentiation, and expanded metaplastic glands at …

Normal And Reverse Flow Injection- Spectrophotometric Determination Of Doxycycline Hyclate In Bulk And Pharmaceutical Samples, Tabarak Mohammed, Hind Hadi

Baghdad Science Journal

The present paper reports the development and validation of an analytical method for doxycycline hyclate (DOX) quantification in pure and dosage forms by normal and reverse flow injection analysis (FIA) techniques. Two types of FIA approaches were employed to automate a diazotization coupling reaction of DOX with diazotized benzidine dihydrochloride. Red azo dye was formed rapidly and measured at maximum wavelength of 488 nm. Calibration curves were prepared over different DOX concentrations with linearity ranges of 10-250 and 1-180 µg/mL for normal and reverse FIA systems respectively with the limits of detection of 2.95 and 0.46 µg/mL and limits of …

Hydrothermal Synthesis Of High Surface Area Mesoporous Silica As An Efficient Adsorbent For Removal Of Crystal Violet Dye From Aqueous Solution, Inaam H. Ali, Ameera Hassan Hamed, Ennas Abdul Hussein, Saadiyah A. Dhahir

Baghdad Science Journal

In this work, a sample of mesoporous silica (MPS) with a high surface area was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis procedure. To investigate the properties of the prepared sample, it was characterized using different techniques like N₂ Adsorption-desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM). In order to evaluate the efficiency of the prepared MPS, adsorption study was carried to examine the ability of MPS to remove crystal violet dye (CV) from aqueous solution. The study was done in different conditions of initial concentration (25-60 mg/L) of dye, dosage of MPS (0.01-0.05 g) and temperature …

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity And Antioxidant Studies Of New Metal Ion Complexes Based On (E)-4-((Benzo[D]Thiazol-2-Ylimino)Methyl)-1,5-Dimethyl-2-Phenylpyrazolidin-3-One, Rafah Saad Talib, Naser Shaalan

Baghdad Science Journal

The study involved synthesis of four new complexes involving bidentate ligand [(E)-4-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one] with the general formula [M(L)₂Cl₂].xH₂O or [MLCl₂]. xH₂O, where M represents Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺. The ligand was synthesized by treating the 4-Antipyrinecarboxaldehyde and 2-aminobenzothiazoles in an alcoholic solution. The structural characteristics of ligand and complexes were characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using various techniques including elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurement, molar conductivity, infrared, ultraviolet absorption, Gc-Mass, and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy studies. The physical measurements indicated that the prepared …

Genetic Analysis Of Spp1 Polymorphism In Samples Of Iraqi Colon Cancer Patients, Ghufran Kadhim Talal, Ahmed Younus Abed

Baghdad Science Journal

Cancer is a multistage defect and very complex disease. It is distinguished by particular genetic mutations that lead to a loss of management of cellular functions during uncontrolled growth of normal cells leading to malignant cells. CA18 occurs by the abnormal growth of cells in colon. SPP1 is multifunctional protein. The aim of this study is to study genetic polymorphism of SPP1gene in CA18 patients along with healthy individuals to find the relationship with CA18 and compare both globally. DNA was extracted and the genetic polymorphism of the SPP1gene was determined. Genetic analysis of SPP1 (in rs11730582 T/C region) polymorphism …

Ability Of Staphylococcus Epidermidis And Escherichia Coli To Eliminate Cadmium, Lead And Copper From Tigris River In Mosul City, May A. Abdul Kader, Ghada A. Mohammad

Baghdad Science Journal

The heavy metals are non-biodegradable and could be toxic and carcinogenic, thus, their improper concentration in water could result in critical health issues for living organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to remove three heavy metals (Cadmium, lead and copper) by biological treatment especially using environmental nonpathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Eight samples were collected from Tigris River from different regions of Mosul city. Two containers were used for each sample to measure the concentration of minerals before and after treatment by bacteria. The results showed that E. coli was more efficient in removing two heavy …

Zooming In: Past, Present, And Future Impact Of Virtual Interviews On Ophthalmology Match For Applicants With Home Versus No Home Programs, Lauren F. Ong, Ashley V. Niu, Priya K. Manhas, Tara L. Gallant, Bhagvat J. Maheta, Jaycob Avaylon, Joseph K. Yi, Jose Puglisi, Joseph Martel, Ruchi D. Shah, Michael S. Wong

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To compare the trends in matched ophthalmology residency applicants from schools with and without home ophthalmology residency programs during in-person and virtual interview application years.

Methods: In this retrospective study, U.S. allopathic medical school seniors were assessed retrospectively for their match list published on each institution’s official website and the SF Match (2019-2023). Data collected included medical school of matched students, home residency program status, residency program matched into, and residency program type. Data was stratified by the 2019-2020 (in-person) and the 2021-2023 (virtual) match years. An odds ratio (OR) analysis was conducted to determine the likelihood …

Ophthalmology's Role In The Academic Medical Center: A Perspective, Stephen D. Mcleod

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

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Program Leaders’ Plans, Perceptions, And Anticipated Effects Of Preference Signaling Before Implementation In Ophthalmology, Melissa Goldin, Alvina Liang, Quentin Eichbaum, Edwin Williamson, Janice Law, Reid Longmuir, Jennifer L. Lindsey

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To assess the plans, perceptions, and anticipated effects of preference signaling on the 2024e2025 match cycle among ophthalmology program directors and associate program directors. Methods: A 16-item questionnaire was distributed to 177 ophthalmology program directors and associate program directors prior to the start of the 2024e2025 application cycle. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 71 ophthalmology program directors and associate directors (40 % response rate). Sixty-two program leaders (89 %) planned to incorporate signaling into the application review process. The most common plan was to give additional consideration throughout the application review process (n ¼ 45 [63 %]) followed …

Impact Of Area Of Deprivation Index On Ophthalmology Consultation In The Emergency Department, Anna Mcevoy, Andrew Chen, Leona Ding, Shu Feng, Karine D. Bojikian

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To evaluate if individual sociodemographic and Area of Deprivation Index (ADI) are associated with receiving an Ophthalmology consultation when self-presenting to the Emergency Departments (EDs) with an eye-related chief complaint. Methods: Retrospective review of patients presenting to Harborview Medical Center and University of Washington Medical Center EDs between 2/2022 and 1/2023. Individual sociodemographic were obtained from medical records; ADI was calculated based on the patient's home address. Encounters were categorized as emergent, nonemergent, or could not be determined based on final diagnosis. Chi-Square and ttest were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals …

A Web-Based Review Of Global Training In United States Ophthalmology Residency Programs, Shalini Shah, Chris Raif Alabiad, Zubair Ansari

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To review the currently publicly available information on global ophthalmology experiences during residency training.

Methods: All 122 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–approved ophthalmology residency programs’ websites were evaluated.

Results: Of the 122 ophthalmology residency programs, 30 (25%) list global ophthalmology experiences on their websites. Of these 30, 21 (80%) offer electives and 12 (40%) list the experiences as a mix of clinical and surgical exposure. One-third of these programs 2 weeks or less in length; one-third of programs do not list the duration of the experience. In total, 21 programs (80%) work with partner …

A Novel 3d-Printed Silicone Simulation Model For Effective Instruction Of Marginal Eyelid Laceration Repair, Nicole Lifson, David Booy, Spandana N. Jarmale, Joseph Crozier, John Nguyen, Bradley Thuro, Albert S. Woo, Jamie Lea Schaefer, Michael E. Migliori

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose We performed a prospective study to determine the efficacy of a novel silicone eyelid model in helping train residents to repair marginal eyelid lacerations. Methods 3D design software was used to create a scaffold for a silicone eyelid mold. A total of 18 ophthalmology residents participated in a training session on marginal eyelid laceration repair, practicing on these models. Prior to and following the session, residents anonymously responded to a survey assessing their degree of confidence in repairing marginal and non-marginal eyelid lacerations, as well as their overall opinion of the workshop. Questions related to their confidence and ability …

Ophthalmology Educators’ Perspectives On Supporting Medical Students To Become Competitive Residency Applicants, Meagan Shinbashi, Zane Zook, Zachary Elkin, Daniel Tu, Jeffrey M. Healey, Fasika Woreta, Ariane Kaplan, Anju Goyal, Neeti Parikh, Lorri Wilson, Ambar Faridi

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: Changes in medical education metrics challenge ophthalmology educators in preparing strong residency applicants. We surveyed ophthalmology educators on traits perceived to be the most important for matching into ophthalmology residency and how factors like program size, student rotation structure, and mentorship experience influence valued applicant traits and first-time match rates.

Methods: An anonymous, 12-question online questionnaire was approved and distributed by the Association of University Professors in Ophthalmology (AUPO) to program directors (PDs), associate program directors (APDs), and directors of medical student education (MSEs). Questionnaire responses were collected August-November 2023. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn’s tests were …

Ophthalmology Virtual Shadowing And Mentorship Program For Undergraduates Underrepresented In Medicine: Framework And 2-Year Survey, Edward S. Lu, Kira L. Wang, Grace Baldwin, Augustine Bannerman, Douglass A. Bryant, Jocelyn Rodriguez, Alice C. Lorch, Ankoor S. Shah, John B. Miller

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Increasing underrepresented in medicine (URiM) trainees in ophthalmology is crucial to better serve a diverse patient population. Purpose: To assess the impact of a virtual shadowing and mentorship program for undergraduate students who self-identified as URiM on student interest in medicine, research, and ophthalmology. Methods: A structured, semester-long mentorship program was publicized to premedical undergraduate students at two local universities. Depending on interest, students chose to participate in any of the three following program components: 1) virtual shadowing sessions where faculty presented patient cases and shared career paths, 2) mentorship on a range of topics (e.g. research, career planning), …

Education Outcomes From An Ophthalmology Microsurgery Course For Medical Students, Michael Y. Zhu, Keke Liu, Joanne C. Wen, Sandra Stinnett, Jullia A. Rosdahl

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Microsurgery training programs are critical for developing the skills needed by ophthalmology residents, but they are not typically offered to medical students. However, incorporating a microsurgery course into medical school curricula may help students more carefully consider a career in ophthalmology and improve learning outcomes during their training. Purpose: This article describes a microsurgery course for medical students and evaluates its educational impact. Methods: A microsurgery course was developed and implemented for third (MS3) and fourth (MS4) year medical students at Duke University School of Medicine. The fourweek course included six didactic lectures, three hands-on skills sessions, and the …

Mastering The Retrobulbar Block: Using A Novel 3d-Printed Simulator For Practical Training, Remigio J. Flor, Nicole L. Mcminn, Timothy S. Lee, Peter C. Liacouras, Harsha Reddy, Eva Chou, Jason R. Lewis, Richard B. Rosen, Brittany E. Powell

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Topic The use of simulation offers a safe environment for practicing challenging and potentially dangerous techniques. We developed a 3D-printed model which realistically simulates critical orbital anatomic features and enables safe practice of the retrobulbar block (RBB). Clinical Relevance The RBB provides optimal regional anesthesia for procedures of the eye and orbit, but requires a level of hands-on training and practice which is often not readily available. Methods The simulation device was created using 3D computer modeling tools to mimic the anatomical structures, and printed with select plastic and silicone materials cast using 3D-printer generated molds. Subjects included 75 ophthalmologists …

Global Health Content On U.S. Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites, Nitya Devireddy, Nguyen Truong, Michael Wilkinson, Seth M. Pantanelli

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: There is high interest among ophthalmology applicants and current trainees to participate in global health experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of information on global healthcare opportunities for prospective ophthalmology residency applicants on program websites, and to determine whether there is a correlation between residency program characteristics and availability of global opportunities for prospective trainees. Methods: All ACGME accredited U.S. postgraduate training programs in ophthalmology were included, except those without a website. A cross-sectional review of program websites was conducted from January to March 2023 to evaluate for the presence of 11 predetermined criteria. …

Patterns Of Ophthalmology-Related Interfacility Transfers To The Emergency Department By Temporal Trends, Laura E. Ramirez, Michael Waxman, Denis R. Pauze, Edward J. Wladis

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Interfacility transfer patients are associated with inferior outcomes, higher costs, and emergency department (ED) overcrowding. Previous studies have analyzed the general trends influencing interfacility transfers, but the patterns affecting ophthalmology-related transfer rates remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the patterns of interfacility ophthalmology-specific transfers to the ED by temporal trends and to determine the type of ophthalmic services required by the transferred population.

Methods: All patients transferred to the ED of a single level 1 trauma center because of ophthalmology-related complaints from 2016 to 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Transfer and nontransfer …

Analyzing The Role Of Ai In Resident Education: An Evaluation Of Chatgpt On Ophthalmology Trainee Examination Questions By Subtopic, Kimberly Cartagena, Simran Ohri, Carolina Ramos, Yaxel Levin-Carrion, Alexandra Sanchez, Marko Oydanich, Albert S. Khouri

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: ChatGPT is a large-scale language model trained on various datasets to learn, analyze, and generate human-like answers to user’s questions. To assess its applicability to medical education, more information is required to understand whether its analyses can provide accurate and coherent responses to questions. The aim of this study was to characterize ChatGPT responses to ophthalmology questions according to subtopic to determine where the system might be used reliably in resident education and where its performance remains weak.

Methods: Ophthalmology questions were obtained from a widely utilized study resource, OphthoQuestions. Thirteen sections, each with a differing ophthalmic …

Implementing A “Surgery Olympics” In Ophthalmology Residency: A Pilot Study, Abhishek Manjunathan, Maxwell J Wilberding, Haroon Ismail, Robert S Feder, Manjot K Gill, Dmitry Pyatetsky, Nicholas J Volpe, J. Minjy Kang

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background/Purpose: Surgical residency programs seek innovative ways to teach and assess resident surgical skills. Significant barriers include motivating residents to practice given the time commitment of residency and limited availability of attending faculty outside of clinic time to lead teaching sessions. A Surgery Olympics program was implemented within the Northwestern Ophthalmology Residency program to promote mentorship between the senior and junior classes, resident camaraderie, and excitement for surgical training. This program was modeled after a similar program for medical students at the University of Michigan’s general surgery department. Methods: We divided residents into four families, with each family having one …

Altmetric Attention And Citations In Ophthalmology Research From 2012 To 2021, David J. Taylor Gonzalez, Mak Djulbegovic, Catherine Johnson, Joshua Reyes, Michael Antonietti, Gustavo Rosa Gameiro, Louis Z. Cai, Jayanth Sridhar

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) is a quantitative measure of the attention, or “mentions,” that a research output, such as a journal article or data set, has received from various sources, including news, social media, policy documents, blogs, and online reference managers. Our objective was to examine the relationship between AAS, citation count, and open access status of peer-reviewed ophthalmology articles over a 10-year period.

Methods: A cross-sectional, scientometric analysis of ophthalmology-centric articles published from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, was conducted using publicly available online data from Altmetric Explorer. The dataset comprised 89,957 ophthalmology …

The Impact Of A Research Year For Matched Us-Md Seniors, Justin Flood, Jhansi Raju, Sagar Jagdish Shah

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: With Step 1 becoming pass/fail, more students are considering taking a research year in ophthalmology prior to entering the application cycle. The purpose of the current study was to compare baseline characteristics and outcomes statistics between matched US-MD ophthalmology applicants with and without a dedicated research year.

Methods: Self-reported data from the publicly available OphthoMatch spreadsheets (2021-2022 and 2022-2023 cycles) were analyzed. US-MD senior applicants were included in the analysis; MD/PhD, DO, IMG students, and reapplicants were excluded.

Results: Of 127 matched US-MD senior applicants, 23 (18.1%) reported taking a research year. Baseline characteristics including underrepresented …

A Bibliometric Analysis Of The Top 100 Cited Papers In Trabeculectomy, Sinan Akosman, Michael Frenkel, Sonia C. Mcnamara, Thomas I. Hong, Reena A. Garg

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To identify the most frequently cited articles on trabeculectomy through a bibliometric analysis. Methods: The Web of Science was queried using the term “trabeculectomy” to identify the 100 most cited (T100) publications. Articles were listed by title, authors’ affiliated institutions, journal title, year of publication, country of origin, funding sources, and citation count. Results: The T100 articles were published between the years 1975 and 2022. The number of total citations received by each article ranged from 83 to 550. The number one most cited T100 article was titled “Treatment Outcomes in The Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study After Five …

20-Year Trends In Clinical And Research Roles Of Women Physicians In Thyroid Eye Disease, Kerri M. Mcinnis-Smith, Jessica A. Kraker, Blake T. Langlais, Yanhan Ren, Victoria J. Palacios, Lilly H. Wagner

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Purpose: To evaluate the role of women physicians in thyroid eye disease (TED) research and clinical care and describe relevance for academic medicine and patient access.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of TED-related publications indexed on PubMed in 2000, 2010, and 2020, and of completed or currently active clinical trials was conducted. Author, journal, and principal investigator (PI) characteristics were noted. Author/PI gender was determined from institutional profile or subsequently via a previously described Google-based algorithm. American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS), American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO), and American Thyroid Association (ATA) information was obtained via …

Reimagining First Nations Futures: Reimagining Our Future, Lilly Brown

Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture

As we hold our breath in the present moment and look toward an uncertain future, Dr Lilly Brown will talk to how First Peoples have already survived the end of the world. Drawing on the wisdom of storytellers, philosophers, Elders and young people, she shares a belief that Indigenous people hold the answers to many of the seemingly intractable questions of our time. Where the efficacy of reconciliation, both as a process and aspiration, has been brought into stark relief by the injustice of the failed referendum, Lilly will invite an imagining of other possible worlds through an engagement with …