Digital Commons Network^™

Campus Food Recovery: Balancing Sustainability And Student Needs, Scott T. Taylor Jr., Wenhao Zhang, Robin B. Dipietro, Mary Stein, Junehee Kwon

ICHRIE Research Reports

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a food recovery program at a large university on food waste reduction and food insecurity mitigation. The primary goal of the food recovery program was two-fold: to help provide ready-to-eat meals for students facing food insecurity and to help the campus food service provider minimize post-production food waste. Thus, food was recovered from multiple dining outlets on a large university campus in the southeast United States. To ensure a valid comparison between 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 academic years, a 3-month period during the spring semesters in 2023 and 2024 was …

Robot Ready, Deploying Semi-Autonomous Food Delivery Robots, Betsy Bender Stringam, Somang Min, Jennifer Martinez

ICHRIE Research Reports

Semiautonomous food delivery robots are expanding rapidly across college campuses, healthcare facilities, office complexes, and other food delivery settings. The semiautonomous food delivery robot market grew to about $800 million in 2025 and is expected to exceed $3.24 billion by 2030.

This report draws on research studies conducted at a university contract foodservice beta deployment site, involving in-depth interviews with employees and managers who worked directly with semiautonomous food delivery robots during and after implementation, triangulated with field notes and observations by the research team. The report highlights key findings and develops an original practitioner framework around these findings, called …

Building Consumer Trust In Short-Term Rentals: A Literature Review On Factors Influencing Consumer Booking Motivations And Trust Formation, Alyssa N. Thornton, Kiyan Shafieizadeh

ICHRIE Research Reports

This study synthesizes existing research on consumer trust formation and booking motivations in short-term rental (STR) platforms through a systematic literature review. Drawing on 19 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, the review examines how trust-building cues and motivational factors jointly influence consumer booking decisions in peer-to-peer accommodation contexts. Using a thematic analysis approach, the findings reveal five dominant themes: visual and aesthetic cues, host attributes, reviews and reputation mechanisms, economic and functional motivations, and host–guest interaction. The results highlight the central role of visual presentation and social signals in reducing perceived risk and fostering trust, while economic and …

Pricing Hawaii: When Discounts, Fees, And Transparency Collide In Hotel Pricing, Kody Dominguez, Ingrid Lin

ICHRIE Research Reports

This report examines how hotel pricing structures in Hawaiʻi; specifically, Kamaʻāina discounts, visitor rates, and destination fees interact to shape perceptions of fairness, transparency, and booking behavior.

Using survey data from 192 respondents and a pricing audit of 57 properties in Oahu, Hawaii, the findings reveal a structural disconnect between pricing intent and guest experience. While Kamaʻāina discounts range from 20–30%, mandatory destination fees averaging $37.69 significantly erode realized savings, particularly at mid-tier price points. As a result, 62% of residents perceive hotel pricing as unfair, compared to 27% of visitors, and nearly 70% of respondents report abandoning bookings due …

Beyond The Aisle: The Essential Guide For Event Planners To Navigate Cultural Diversity In Weddings, Ellee N. Marsh, Mary Olle Dr.

ICHRIE Research Reports

This research aims to address an educational gap within the event planning community regarding cultural diversity across the wedding industry. As the wedding market within the United States continues to increasingly globalize, planners are encountering couples from a wide variety of cultural, ethnic, and religious backgrounds. Understanding and appreciating a wide range of these cultures creates an important baseline of someone else’s background in order to recognize where people are coming from and why they want certain traditions present. Recognizing this lack of cultural knowledge within the wedding planning community, I have developed a cultural wedding handbook that is designed …

Guests Attitude And Purchase Intention Towards Hotel Brand Extension, Daegeun Kim, Eun-Kyong (Cindy) Choi, Tanya Ruetzler, James Taylor

ICHRIE Research Reports

Brand extension is widely used among firms and hotels to launch new products using their parent brand name, making it important for practitioners to understand which factors influence consumers' attitude toward brand extension (ATT). This study investigated the role of consumer brand identity (CBI) in guests' attitude leading to purchase intention (PUR) for hotel vacation rentals. Findings suggest that CBI was a positive antecedent of perceived fit (PF) and tie (PT), which positively influenced ATT. Additionally, parent brand conviction and quality were identified as factors that positively influenced ATT and led to PUR. As the first study on hotel vacation …

Positioning Grand Junction As A Premier Golf Tourism Hub: A Swot Analysis, Tevfik Demirciftci, Eunkyeong Jung

ICHRIE Research Reports

This research report examines how experienced golf travelers perceive Grand Junction (GJ) as a golf tourism destination. Based on in-depth interviews, the study uses a SWOT-based approach to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks from the golfer’s perspective. Findings show that GJ is valued for its affordability, natural scenery, variety of courses, and extended playing season, but its potential is hindered by limited coordination among tourism stakeholders. The results suggest that stronger collaboration among golf courses and local businesses could enhance GJ’s appeal as an accessible and distinctive destination for golf tourism

Accreditation In Hospitality And Tourism Administration/Management: A History, Robert H. Bosselman

ICHRIE Research Reports

Accreditation in hospitality and tourism administration/managment education has a complex history. The current manuscript provides background on how accreditation was established in the field. The role played by International CHRIE and its members was reported as was the origin of the Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration. The manuscript provides suggestions for future direction of accreditation in hospitality and tourism administration/management education.

Prevalence Of Cerebrovascular Disease In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease After Pharmacological Stress Test, Eman Mahmoud Abdelfattah, Muhammad Salem Muhammad Hagrass, Khalid Ahmed Elkhashab, Sameh Emil, Hassan Mohamed Ebeid, Lamya Salih, Najah Makhbout Al-Amri, Mostafa Sayed, Haytham Soliman Ghareeb

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) share common atherosclerotic pathways. However, the clinical significance of headache absence during stress testing remains unexplored. We investigated whether the absence of headache during pharmacological stress testing reflects the presence of subtle cerebrovascular atherosclerosis detectable by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD).

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 225 patients with CAD undergoing pharmacological stress testing with TCD and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) at centers in Egypt (Cardiology Department, Fayoum University). Patients were stratified by headache status during stress testing. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified independent predictors of abnormal TCD …

A Process For The Preparation Of Xanomeline And Its Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center; Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy, Shaik Mahammad Rafee And Buvanagiri Ajay Kumar.

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of pure Xanomeline of formula-1 and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The structure of the formula-1 is shown below:

Formula-1.

Health-Gated Deploy-Authority Reconciler, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses a post-deploy reconciler that keeps a single, high-blast-radius production workload converged to an authorized image without reverting legitimate, healthy, out-of-band deployments. A short-interval reconciliation job reads a mutable, agent-writable in-cluster authority record — carrying an authorized image, a deploy-in-progress flag, a holder identity and a reason — and compares it against the live workload's running image and the readiness of its serving pod. The reconciler's corrective action is gated on a conjunction predicate: it reverts the workload to the authorized image only when the running image differs from the authorized image AND the serving pod is not …

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Dual-Plane Inbound Email Delivery, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, enablingly and in dated public form, a mechanism for inbound email delivery that simultaneously serves a human mail client and an autonomous software agent from a single ingress event, without duplicating the message, forking the pipeline, or degrading store fidelity. One webhook endpoint accepts two payload shapes — raw MIME posted as base64 by a byte-preserving edge worker, or already-parsed legacy JSON — and discriminates between them at runtime by the presence of a non-empty raw carrier field. Threading headers (Message-ID, In-Reply-To, References, Cc) are extracted continuation-aware directly off the raw bytes so that RFC 5322 folded …

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Provenance-Tiered Database Serve-Override Cms Over Immutable Container Assets, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, as enabling public prior art, a content-management mechanism that layers a database-backed content overlay on top of an immutable set of static assets baked into a container image. A single GET-only "serve-override" resolver, keyed on the tuple (slug, locale, audience), returns a published database row when one exists and otherwise falls through to the baked file. The image is the read-only floor; the running pod is never written at request time. Two structural properties are central. First, a reserved-slug set — authentication, session, and OAuth callback paths — is never overridable, so security-critical routes always execute baked, …

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Deterministic Stateless Digital-Twin Rendering Of A Live Ai-Agent Workforce With Ledger-Windowed Replay, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This document discloses, with enabling detail sufficient for a person of ordinary skill to build it, a method and system for rendering a live, game-like visualization of a workforce of autonomous software agents in which every visual property is a pure deterministic function of operational records and the renderer holds no game state. Avatar state resolves by an active-work-wins-over-the-clock precedence; deterministic hashing places desks and picks palette swatches with a bounded collision-walk over the true floor grid; an ambient night tint is computed from the share of off-shift ("dreaming") agents plus the server hour, never a viewer's clock; ledger events …

Spec-Less Differential Api/Rbac Conformance Scanner With Source-As-Oracle Auth Probing, Llm Test Synthesis, And Automatic Bug-To-Repair Handoff, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses a computer-implemented method and system that scans a running HTTP/REST service for authentication and role-based access-control (RBAC) conformance defects without any machine-readable API specification. Conventional API security scanners (Schemathesis, RESTler, 42Crunch, StackHawk, and comparable tools) require an OpenAPI/Swagger document or a recorded traffic corpus to know both what endpoints exist and what each endpoint's correct behavior is. The disclosed mechanism removes that dependency by treating the service's router source code as the single source of truth: a lightweight parser enumerates route registrations, and — the central novelty — the auth-middleware tokens present on each route's own physical …

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Modality-Blind, Local-First Handwriting Evidence Ingestion With Server-Side Image Rejection And Absence-Never-Denies Gate Equity, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

Adaptive-learning platforms increasingly want to admit analog work — a photographed page of handwritten work — as assessment evidence alongside typed and spoken answers. The obvious implementation is corrosive: it uploads a child's handwriting image to a server, applies a single blanket consent posture across every capture surface, and — most insidiously — lets the presence of a shiny new evidence channel become an implicit penalty for the learner who has no camera, no printer, or no wish to photograph their work. This disclosure describes a mechanism that structurally refuses all three failure modes. First, the client performs deterministic on-device …

Reflexive-Feedback Stability Envelope For An In-Process Autonomous Code-Repair Agent, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

An autonomous error-remediation (AER) agent that runs in the same process as the software it repairs faces a structural instability absent from out-of-band remediation systems: it consumes the very telemetry stream it emits. Its diagnostic logs, its "ticket escalated" notices, its patch-apply chatter — all land back in the shared in-memory log buffer it polls for errors. Left unbounded, this closed loop self-excites: one real error produces a ticket, the ticket produces log output, the log output is parsed as a new error, and the agent oscillates or floods without ever converging. This publication discloses a Reflexive-Feedback Stability Envelope: a …

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Fail-Closed Multi-Backend Artifact Gate With Reject-Biased Union Resolution And A Single Chokepoint, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, with enabling detail, a fail-closed governance gate that is invoked at every path capable of creating, registering, or enabling a governed unit of work — a new application, a new game, or a large ("big-task") change. The gate refuses to let creation proceed unless a mandated set of governance artifacts (an idea brief, a purpose statement, a design, a cost model, an implementation plan, a deployment runbook, and a live tracker) is proven to exist. The novelty is not "check that files exist." It is how presence is resolved. A mandated artifact may live in any one …

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Anti-Fake-Green Compliance Scanner, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

Automated compliance-as-code tooling collapses a passing check into a claim of full control adoption. That collapse is the root cause of "fake green": a compliance dashboard that reports an application as governed when, in fact, the machine has only observed the presence of a shape — a file, a string, a field — and has proven nothing about adequacy. A present-but-inert authentication middleware (const requireAuth = () => (req,res,next) => next()), a database-facade bypass, a header-only tracker CSV, or a hardcoded credential can all satisfy naive presence checks and light the board green. This disclosure describes a coherent protocol that …

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Subgroup-Blind Dif Harness For Llm Judges With Matched-Pair Red-Team And Synthetic-Evidence Signability Lockout, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

Automated large-language-model (LLM) judges increasingly score open-ended learner work — a reading inference, a written argument, an arithmetic explanation — and their scores feed high-stakes gates such as a mastery or promotion decision. A grader of this kind can systematically under-read responses expressed in a non-standard dialect (e.g., African American Vernacular English, "AAVE"), English-as-a-second-language (ESL) phrasing, or an atypical-but-valid reasoning path, even when the underlying competence is identical to a standard-dialect response. Raw disparate-outcome checks (comparing mean scores across groups) cannot distinguish this grader bias from genuine ability differences, and making the grader "aware" of subgroup membership to correct for …

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Owner-Gated Conversation-To-Cognition Ingestion With Lazy Persona Activation And Crash-Restorable Process Table, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, in enabling detail, a mechanism that couples a synchronous conversational assistant (a chat surface a human talks to and gets an immediate answer from) to an asynchronous autonomous-agent runtime (a background "persona" that perceives, reasons, plans, acts, and reflects on its own schedule) through a single caller-trust-scoped ingestion valve. Every conversational turn is stamped with an access mode denoting the trust of the caller. The valve admits a turn as cognitive work only when the access mode denotes the resource owner; turns from untrusted (guest) callers are dropped at the valve so untrusted conversation never becomes autonomous …

Dual-Path Work Delivery Into An Agent Cognitive Loop, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, in enabling detail, a dual-path protocol for delivering a unit of work into an autonomous agent's cognitive loop and for verifying, out of band, that the work does not silently stall. A fast path enqueues a work item in-process onto a resident attention queue by resolving the engine from a shared carrier (a config bridge object, else a last-resort global handle) and calling a plain function; this path is deliberately lossy — it never retries, never demands an acknowledgement, and fails soft to false when the engine is not resident. Correctness is not entrusted to the fast …

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Closed-Loop Cross-Call Caller Memory For Voice Ai Agents, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This defensive publication discloses a closed-loop memory architecture for real-time voice AI agents in which the machine-readable output of a post-call extraction step is fed back to reconfigure the next generative session. On call teardown, a single generative pass jointly extracts the spoken caller identity and composes a personalized follow-up email, halving per-call inference cost relative to running extraction and composition as two passes. A per-persona configuration row gates a five-way action fan-out — follow-up email, admin briefing, CRM contact, CRM lead/ticket, and caller memory — over that single result. CRM lead creation exploits a unique-constraint violation as a control …

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Spoken-Delegation Phone-Errand Protocol, Gustavo Matthew Assuncao

Defensive Publications Series

This publication discloses, enables, and dates a protocol by which a human, while already speaking with an AI voice agent over a live telephone call, verbally delegates a second, downstream phone errand — and the platform autonomously performs it end to end and reports back. The mechanism has four coupled parts. First, in-call task capture: a function/tool call the model issues mid-conversation (schedulecall) converts a spoken delegation into a typed task row in the agent's own workspace, and the confirmation is spoken back within the same turn. Second, LLM workflow synthesis: a cognitive loop later dequeues the task and an …

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System And Method For Prioritizing Context In Large-Scale Language Model Conversations Via Token Importance Identification And Downscaling, Ravi Shankar Kumar Sinha, Vinay Sarda, Sumit Kumar

Defensive Publications Series

A system for prioritizing context in large scale language model conversations includes a token importance identification module (215) which is configured to receive conversation input and determine token importance through user tagging and system-driven preference learning. A token scoring module (220) is configured to assign an importance score to each token based on the determined importance and rank each of the tokens in descending order by the importance score. A context downscaling module (225) is configured to retain tokens with importance scores above a threshold and downscale tokens with importance scores below the threshold using summarization, compression, or removal. A …

A High-Frequency Gan-Driven Concentric Transducer Apparatus For Soliton Restructuring: System Specifications For Dehp Non-Equilibrium Transmutation, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure formalizes the applied systems engineering specifications and low-level circuit architectures for an analog, multi-frequency wave-harmonic hardware prototype designed to execute room-temperature, layerless elemental transmutation. Rejecting the high-energy particle acceleration, plasma-confinement, and thermal-induction paradigms of traditional nuclear physics, this architecture treats three-dimensional matter-knot solitons as localized vertical geometric tension fields projected from a continuous, two-dimensional conformal phase fluid substrate located at the z = 0 coordinate horizon. To understand the foundational mechanics of the underlying dimensional projection fluid, reference is directed to the author's prior works indexed on TDCommons.org regarding the Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection (DEHP) model.

The …

Agent-Based Workflow To Perform Technical Health Audit Of Software Applications, Patrick Lierse

Defensive Publications Series

Online application storefronts enable users to download software applications to their devices. Poor technical quality of applications, such as the app freezing, crashing, or draining device battery can result in a bad user experience that negatively affects the application developer and the storefront provider. However, data regarding application performance may be unavailable to the storefront provider to make assessments of technical performance, thus making it difficult to adjust the way the application is featured in the storefront. This disclosure describes techniques for automatic evaluation and reporting of technical health of a software application without access to developer analytics (or other …

Personalizing Suggested Actions Embedded Within Device Notifications, Rabia Habus, Tomer Allalouf, Nadav Jonas, Yaniv Berkowitz, Sari Omari, Aviram Segal, Brad Eckman

Defensive Publications Series

Notifications on devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, laptops, etc. provide users a quick view of updates from various applications. Some notification interfaces also include quick action buttons for the user to take a corresponding action in the application that delivers the notification, e.g., mute a chat conversation, accept a calendar invite, etc. However, the suggested actions are limited to a preconfigured set and do not account for user context. This disclosure describes techniques to provide an enhanced notification UI with a wide range of suggested actions that are delivered to the user taking into account the user’s context. A …

Wsm‑1.0 — Water Sponge Module (Supplement To Gci #312‑S And Dbfe‑Dry V1.0) Hydro‑Retention Sponge For Atmospheric Water Harvesting & Seed Support, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

WSM‑1.0 is a supplemental module designed to increase the effective water output of the CP‑AWH atmospheric water engine used in:

• GCI #312‑S — Hyperion‑AWH Desert Food Engine v1.1

• DBFE‑Dry v1.0 — Zero‑Water Desert Fertilizer Engine

WSM‑1.0 uses a hydro‑absorbent sponge matrix (hydrogel, cellulose foam, biopolymer sponge, or MOF‑gel hybrid) to:

• absorb water produced by CP‑AWH

• store it safely against desert heat

• prevent evaporation losses

• release water slowly into soil or seed zones

This module increases water‑use efficiency by 30–60%, reduces evaporation by 40–70%, and improves seed germination by 25–50%.

WSM‑1.0 is fully open‑hardware, patent‑free, and designed for survival‑grade agriculture …

Gci #312‑S — Dbfe‑Dry V1.0 Zero‑Water Desert Biomass Fertilizer Engine Supplement Module For Gci #312 – Hyperion‑Awh Desert Food Engine V1.1, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

Abstract

DBFE‑Dry v1.0 is a zero‑water fertilizer production module designed to integrate with or operate independently from GCI #312 – Hyperion‑AWH Desert Food Engine v1.1.

The system converts dry desert biomass — including tumbleweed, mesquite pods, prickly pear pads, agave leaves, desert grasses, yucca fibers, and creosote bush — into mineralized fertilizer pellets without using any water.

DBFE‑Dry v1.0 uses three existing Caldwell inventions:

• Lazarus Prime Fertilizer Pelletization System

• Phoenix‑Cracker v2.0 (Dry‑Thermal Mode)

• Vortex‑Plus Soil Oxygenation Module

Together, these modules create a closed‑loop nutrient cycle that requires no water during fertilizer production and increases crop yield by 20–45% while costing …