Defending Canada’S Arctic, Greg Taylor

Canadian Military History

Editor's note: Forty years ago, Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel planned and executed Exercise LIGHTNING STRIKE 86, which explored the possibility of a Soviet threat in the Canadian Arctic. In the dying days of the Cold War, the exercise seemed irrelevant. No longer. Lieutenant Colonel Taylor’s account draws upon his long experience and memories of the operation. It reminds us of the immense operational challenges the CAF face in Canada’s North; the important role of the Canadian Rangers; and the need for a “historical memory” of operations that were once thought unimportant. It is also a reminder of how quickly …

Left For Dead: Shipwreck, Treachery, And Survival At The Edge Of The World, Michael Romero, Eric Jay Dolin

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

Research & Debate—Forms Of Military Strategy: Historical Parallels Between The American Confederacy And Imperial Japan, And A Way Forward, Robert C. Rubel

Naval War College Review

Two cases, almost eighty years apart, in which a weaker power—the Confederacy and imperial Japan—sought to achieve an end to the war before the United States could mobilize its material advantages and before the weaker side’s limited resources ran out provide useful insights into this western Pacific conundrum. Studying the failure of both challengers bears particular lessons for the United States in its potential conflict with China, in ways that studying our past victories against these adversaries cannot.

Review Essay—A Wake For Objective Control—"The State And The Soldier: A History Of Civil-Military Relations In The United States", Frank Hoffman, Kori Schake

Naval War College Review

Just five years ago, scholars with extensive Washington policy experience assessed that a civil-military relations crisis existed. They perceived that military perspectives were dominating the Pentagon during the first Trump administration. One book accused Secretary of Defense James Mattis of shirking his responsibility to maintain meaningful civilian control. Frustrated, midlevel policy officials faced a slew of bureaucratic initiatives and pressures from an aggressive Joint Staff. Was it a crisis, or were civilians outmaneuvered or unresponsive? Did the military have undue influence, and was civilian control really undermined? The timely publication of The State and the Soldier delivers historical context and …

Fighting Without Mastery—Italian Naval Strategy And The Defeat Of The Regia Marina In The Mediterranean, 1940–1943, Fabio De Ninno

Naval War College Review

Fascist Italy’s campaign to secure and command oceanic sea-lanes in the period between 1935 and 1943 marks a noteworthy failure in interwar strategy. Such a glaring historical moment—particularly the failure to raise a suitable navy capable of achieving Italy’s geopolitical objects—demands further inquiry to uncover how and why this project fell far short of its projected aims.

“A True Sailor-Statesman”—The Ethical Quandary Of Ambassador Raymond A. Spruance In The Philippines, Andrew K. Blackley

Naval War College Review

After retiring from the Navy, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance took on the role of U.S. ambassador to the Philippines. Thomas Buell, a prominent Spruance biographer, previously has claimed that Spruance’s involvement in the 1953 Philippine presidential election was ethically questionable, a perspective challenged by new research.

The Cognitive Dimension Of Mobilization—Reconsidering American War Preparation In An Age Of Persistent Cognitive Warfare, Robert "Jake" Bebber

Naval War College Review

American war mobilization doctrine is built on an industrial-era paradigm that assumes the primary contest is material: who can most efficiently convert economic capacity into military power. An evaluation suggests that this paradigm, while necessary, is no longer sufficient.

Narrowing Seas—The Littoral Strike Complex And The Future Of Naval Warfare, Charles A. Richard, John Robinson

Naval War College Review

Ukraine’s suppression of Russian naval activity by using unmanned surface and aerial vehicles provides a backdrop against which the concept of a “reconnaissance strike complex” is updated for naval warfare today. This framework reflects a path forward for future naval operations.

The Acquisition Lessons Of The 1980s And Their Continuing Relevance, John Lehman, Anand Toprani

Naval War College Review

Evaluating strategic frameworks for today’s Navy involves updating historical strategies for current realities. Given the deindustrialization of the nation, paired with China’s rapid economic expansion, new strategies for maintaining a relevant naval force must be considered.

President's Forum, Darryl "D-Day" Walker Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, President, Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

Summer 2026 Full Issue, The U.S. Naval War College

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

From The Editors, Sam J. Tangredi Editor-In-Chief

Naval War College Review

No abstract provided.

The Pen Tool That Will Utilize Fingers-Based Occlusion Of The Real-World View To Activate The Pen Tool Activation State Where The Fingers-Based Occlusion Effect Will Be Observed And Detected From Within The Inside Of The Pen Tool Holding Structure., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a pen tool that will utilize fingers-based occlusion of the real-world view to activate the pen tool activation state where the fingers-based occlusion effect will be observed and detected from within the inside of the pen tool holding structure. The pen tool methodology will incorporate a pen tool, tracking markers and a built-in camera configuration. The pen tool methodology will be required to utilize a power source that will be required to power the pen tool and its entities. And the pen tool methodology will be required to utilize virtual technologies such as augmented reality and virtual …

Technical Disclosure Specification: An Asymmetric Fluidic Propulsion Cavity For Transverse Kinetic Energy Harvesting And Res-Phase Confinement, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure defines the mechanical, hardware, and operational specifications for a standalone laboratory apparatus engineered to accumulate, confine, and direct high-density vibrational wave energy within a closed boundary system. The system relies entirely on repeatable, book-level principles of non-linear fluid dynamics, high-frequency acoustic streaming, and radiative pressure fields, operating independently of any non-standard cosmological assumptions.

By utilizing a high-symmetry geometric grid of twenty independent Gallium Nitride (GaN) driven concentric transducer nodes, high-amplitude harmonic oscillations are focused directly into a specialized viscoelastic fluid medium trapped inside a rigid, highly reflective spherical envelope. At perfect phase alignment, the system drives the internal …

Unified Edge-To-Orbital Termination Architecture For Decentralized Data, Logical Substrates, And Power Grids, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure specifies the client-side terminal layers, non-linear routing structures, and physical infrastructure stabilization topologies required to achieve system closure for the ground-to-orbital networks defined in TDC# 12300 (Non-Linear Substrate Relay Matrices) and TDC# 12299 (Cross-Layer Token-Variance Telemetry). This architecture introduces three core subsystems: a client-side Substrate Pushback Data Engine (Vector 6) running a hard-coded deterministic compactness filter to optimize low-Earth orbit satellite uplink; a Decoupled Spatial-Temporal Graph Database Mesh (Vector 4) executing clock-free decentralized node routing via Chronological Latency; and a Macro-Scale Cymatic Joule Dilution Grid (Vector 5) scaling Topologically Protected Cymatic Electrolyte Matrix mechanics to prevent regional distribution …

Technical Disclosure: Non-Linear Substrate Relay Matrices For Decentralized Ephemeris Syncing And Orbital Phase Alignment, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure formalizes a low-power, cost-effective framework for autonomous satellite tracking, ephemeris state synchronization, and clock alignment across distributed ground node networks. Mainstream orbital communications rely implicitly on centralized atomic time standards and proprietary military GPS tracking networks. This absolute architectural dependency creates single points of systemic failure, leaving ground infrastructure vulnerable to central node shutdowns, intentional signal masking, or orbital coordinate gating.

By applying the principles of the Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection (DEHP) model and the Oscillator Alignment Protocol (OAP), this framework introduces a decentralized ground-space tracking protocol. By establishing a peer-to-peer Substrate Relay Matrix across localized consumer …

Technical Disclosure: Cross-Layer Token-Variance Telemetry And Non-Linear Tensor Distance Protocols For Distributed Routing Topologies, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This technical disclosure formalizes an axiomatic mathematical framework for real-time telemetry, automated state balancing, and distributed node verification within multi-dimensional graph topologies. Modern high-density information systems encounter systemic failures when localized processing constraints induce uncoordinated data routing, runaway optimization loops, or asymmetric node curation.

By applying the principles of the Dimensionally Extended Holographic Projection (DEHP) model and the Oscillator Alignment Protocol (OAP), this framework establishes a self-policing network substrate. Individual routing nodes compute localized operational boundaries dynamically by tracking cross-layer Token Selection Latency (tau_latency) against an invariant two-dimensional boundary reference sheet. This mechanical configuration mitigates the formation of singular processing …

Deterministic Palette Quantization Using Resolution-Adaptive Spatial Partitioning, Parag Mhatre, Nathan Faggian, Kartik Chaudhary, Ashish Tendulkar, Gopala Dhar, Gyhun Kang, Neeraj Shivhare

Defensive Publications Series

Images generated by artificial intelligence models that operate in continuous color spaces can exhibit chromatic artifacts, such as color drift and edge feathering, when converted to a discrete, canonical color palette. A computerized post-processing method can address these issues. The method can involve dividing a source image into blocks using resolution-adaptive spatial partitioning, and a representative modal color can be determined for each block. A system can also identify a dominant background color of the source image and add it to a target palette to create an enhanced palette. A k-dimensional tree may then be used to map each block's …

System And Method For Cross-Model Benchmarking Of Multi-Turn Conversational Ai Safety And Quality, Roy Katz

Defensive Publications Series

Conventional methods for evaluating conversational artificial intelligence (AI) safety can be subjective and labor-intensive, which may present challenges for performing consistent and objective comparisons between different models. A disclosed system can provide an automated framework that simulates realistic, multi-turn conversations between a synthetic user persona (modeling a minor user with specific age, maturity, and vulnerability constraints) and one or more conversational AI models. The system can apply model-specific safety contexts, such as backend filters or injected system instructions, to simulate a protected user experience. Subsequently, each conversation may be analyzed by multiple independent automated adjudicators, and a consensus algorithm can …

Caldwell Wildfire Rescue Engine (Cwre‑1.0) A Unified, Viability‑Filtered, Builder‑Ready Open‑Hardware Architecture For Wildfire Suppression & Resilience, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

The Caldwell Wildfire Rescue Engine (CWRE‑1.0) is a unified, multi‑layer open‑hardware architecture designed to support wildfire suppression, cooling, water supply, atmospheric prediction, and post‑fire recovery using real, buildable modules from the Caldwell Open‑Hardware Portfolio.

CWRE‑1.0 integrates:

• wildfire truck conversion systems

• atmospheric water harvesters

• solar‑thermal water generators

• submerged cooling structures

• floating shade panels for fire reservoirs

• molten‑salt and flow‑battery energy nodes

• atmospheric resonance prediction networks

• post‑fire soil regeneration systems

All modules are already posted on TDC and can be built and tested immediately.

Caldwell Colorado River Rescue Engine (Crre‑1.1) A Unified, Viability‑Filtered, Builder‑Ready Open‑Hardware Architecture For Stabilizing The Colorado River System, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT

The Caldwell Colorado River Rescue Engine (CRRE‑1.1) is a unified, multi‑layer engineering architecture designed to stabilize the Colorado River system using real, buildable, open‑hardware modules from the Caldwell Portfolio. CRRE‑1.1 integrates atmospheric water harvesting, PFAS/microplastic remediation, solar‑thermal desalination, molten‑salt and flow‑battery energy stabilization, floating gyroid evaporation‑reduction panels, submerged cooling structures, climate/hydrology prediction networks, and desert agriculture decoupling systems.

All modules are already posted on TDC.

This posting provides:

• Full system architecture

• Engineering diagrams

• Deployment map (Nevada–Arizona–Utah)

• Prototype bill of materials (BOM)

• Direct TDC lookup references

• Viability upgrades

• New inventions added to improve performance

This is a real‑world, non‑speculative, builder‑ready …

Query-Agnostic Condensation And Query-Guided Filtering For Long-Form Video Analysis, Youbau Tang, Lan Wang, Chen Du, Larry Lai

Defensive Publications Series

Processing long-form, multi-modal video streams can present computational and memory challenges, as certain sampling methods may process redundant data while potentially missing sparse events. A hierarchical framework can perform a query-agnostic condensation of video data into a semantically dense representation using, for example, content-adaptive keyframe selection and hierarchical aggregation. A query-guided filtering stage may subsequently use a cross-attention mechanism to select visual and other modal tokens relevant to a user's textual query. This approach can reduce the volume of data presented to a downstream reasoning model, such as a large multimodal model. This may improve the allocation of computational resources …

Hydrogen Production Plant And Process With Tail Gas Conversion And Recycle, Marco Precoma, Martin Baumgaertl, Gianluca Pauletto

Defensive Publications Series

The present technical disclosure relates to a plant and to a corresponding process for the production of hydrogen. The hydrogen production plant and process integrate an electrically heated steam methane reformer and a recycle loop configured for improved utilization of tail gas generated in a hydrogen separation unit. The tail gases of the hydrogen separation unit are processed in a methanation reactor, where hydrogen and carbon oxides are converted into methane. The methane-rich stream is recovered from the upgrading unit and recycled to the reformer feed.

The Purity Crusader, Volume 21. Number 8, November 1924

Berachah Home Collection

"The Purity Crusader" published by Berachah Rescue Society in Arlington, Texas. Volume 21, Number 8. A newsletter with articles written from various persons regarding purity and life at Berachah Home. Published in November 1924.

Performance Review Of Rhapsody In Blue By The Royal Scottish National Orchestra, Abigail Telander

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

This review explores the exceptional performance of the piece Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin. Although this piece wasn’t viewed in person, the live video captured all of the excitement and passion from this performance. This performance took place in April of 2024 at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Throughout the review paper, there are details regarding the historical significance of this piece, the spread of jazz music during this time period, the talented Royal Scottish National Orchestra featuring impressive pianist, Hayato Sumino, and descriptions of the venue and sensational musicality.

Assessing Flaws In Captcha Security Through Progress In Ai, Jaydon Stanislowski

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Protecting the internet from the threat of malicious bot activity is an important problem as AI tools become more powerful and commonplace over time. To that end, security measures are employed across websites in the form of CAPTCHAs, short challenges designed to identify and block fake web traffic. Yet, they become less effective over time as AI becomes more powerful, and thus more capable of solving them. This paper examines recent research on the threat to CAPTCHA security posed by current AI models and how this security can be reinforced over time, focusing primarily on Google’s reCAPTCHA v3.

Water Scarcity On Arizona’S Navajo Nation, As An Environmental Justice Issue, Chenoa Marks

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

For the Navajo–or Diné, meaning ‘the people’ in Diné Bizaad (Navajo language)–water is not only a resource. It is life, story, and relationship. It is tied to origin, movement, and balance within the natural and spiritual world. Water exists not only in rivers and rainfall, but in teachings, ceremonies, and the way knowledge is passed down from one generation to the next. In this sense, water is both physical and cultural, shaping how people live, understand the land, and connect to one another.

At the same time, water on the Navajo Nation–known by the Diné as Diné Bikéyah, also translated …

From Pensions To Portfolios: How Retirement Financialization Reshapes Women's Retirement Security In The United States, Elena Lam, Evelyn Williams, Raylynn Miller

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines how the financialization of retirement has reshaped women’s retirement security in the United States. Rather than focusing primarily on the gender wage gap, the paper argues that the shift from defined-benefit (DB) pensions to defined-contribution (DC) retirement accounts has transformed retirement from a system based on institutional guarantees into one that depends on uninterrupted employment, regular contributions, financial knowledge, and market performance. Through a review of existing literature and U.S. retirement data, the paper shows how retirement risk has increasingly been transferred from employers and collective institutions to individual workers. The analysis identifies several mechanisms through which …

Improving Urban Planning Through Agent Based Modeling And Q-Learning, Tristan Kalvoda

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

This paper explores the use of agent-based modeling (ABM), enhanced by reinforcement learning techniques such as Q- learning, to optimize urban transportation systems. The focus is on modeling and improving aspects such as traffic design, vehicular flow, and pedestrian mobility. The central research question is how to effectively simulate realistic agent behavior in order to develop models that can inform and support policy-making for more efficient and adaptive urban planning. The paper presents and analyzes simulation-based case studies that demonstrate how learning agents can repro- duce realistic movement patterns and provide insights for larger-scale urban systems.

Zero Trust Architecture And Ransomware Mitigation, Ely Johnson

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

Ransomware has become a critical threat to modern enterprises, exploiting excessive privileges and flat network architectures to spread rapidly. Traditional perimeter-based security models are insufficient, as they rely on implicit trust within internal networks. This paper examines how Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) mitigates ransomware through least privilege access, continuous monitoring, and micro- segmentation. Experimental results show that ZTA can significantly reduce impact, limiting encryption to about 20% of targeted files while preserving most data. Continuous monitoring enables rapid detection (5.3 seconds) with high accuracy (up to 97.2%) and a 78% reduction in false positives. Micro-segmentation further restricts lateral movement, reducing …