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Plantar Fascia Stiffness Accounts For Individual Variance In Its Strain During Hopping At Different Frequencies In Females, Ayaka Hobo, Hiroto Shiotani, Kosuke Hirata, Hiyo Inaba, Natsuki Sado Nov 2025

Plantar Fascia Stiffness Accounts For Individual Variance In Its Strain During Hopping At Different Frequencies In Females, Ayaka Hobo, Hiroto Shiotani, Kosuke Hirata, Hiyo Inaba, Natsuki Sado

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The plantar fascia (PF) behaves like a spring during bouncing gait, whereas its strain is a potential risk factor for plantar fasciitis. PF strain in bouncing gait is determined theoretically by complex foot dynamics, involving numerous active and passive foot structures, but the determinants of its individual variability remain unclear. Here we show the high relevance of PF stiffness to its strain in hopping by 11 females. PF stiffness, assessed as shear wave velocity, correlates with peak PF strain in hopping at different frequencies (1.8, 2.6, 3.4 Hz). The variance accounted for increases with increasing hopping frequency (from 49 to …

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Assessing The Impact Reduction Capabilities Of Gamebreaker Softshell Headgear In Drop Tests, Annette G. Heward-Swale, George Stilwell, Nick Draper, Natalia Kabaliuk Nov 2025

Assessing The Impact Reduction Capabilities Of Gamebreaker Softshell Headgear In Drop Tests, Annette G. Heward-Swale, George Stilwell, Nick Draper, Natalia Kabaliuk

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Softshell headgear is marketed to reduce head impact intensity in contact sports like rugby; however, evidence supporting this remains limited. This study investigated whether selected headgear models, GameBreaker-Pro, a novel GameBreaker-Prototype and a World Rugby (WR) Law 4 approved headgear, attenuate impact intensity under controlled drop test conditions. Peak linear acceleration (PLA), peak rotational acceleration (PRA), and peak rotational velocity (PRV) were measured on a Hybrid III headform fitted with this headgear. Drop tests were conducted from 15-60 cm at five head impact orientations. All headgear reduced impact kinematics relative to the bare headform. GameBreaker headgear achieved 14-22% greater reductions …

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Neuromuscular And Muscle Morphological Advantage Of Power-Trained Athletes Improves Hip Extension Torque At High Velocities, Andras Hegyi, Luca Mezei, Fabien Leboeuf, Annamaria Peter, Aurélie Sarcher, Antoine Nordez, Giuseppe Rabita, Gaël Guilhem, Lilian Lacourpaille Nov 2025

Neuromuscular And Muscle Morphological Advantage Of Power-Trained Athletes Improves Hip Extension Torque At High Velocities, Andras Hegyi, Luca Mezei, Fabien Leboeuf, Annamaria Peter, Aurélie Sarcher, Antoine Nordez, Giuseppe Rabita, Gaël Guilhem, Lilian Lacourpaille

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to examine the intermuscular distribution of hamstring muscle volume, muscle excitation, and torque production capacity of hip extensors in power-trained (sprint-based) athletes compared to a strength-trained control group. We found higher semitendinosus volume in the power-trained group. The electromyography activity increased with increasing contraction velocity only in the power-trained group, with significant between-group differences observed in the semitendinosus and biceps femoris at high velocity hip extension. Power-trained athletes were stronger during concentric contractions, particularly at high contraction velocities. These results explain possible morphological and neuromuscular mechanisms to increase propulsive force in high-speed running, which …

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The Influence Of Pinch Holds' Width On The Mechanics And Muscular Activity Characteristics Of The Pinch Technique For Advanced Climbers, Weiya Hao, Yaohan Huang, Shangxiao Li, Yuting Peng Nov 2025

The Influence Of Pinch Holds' Width On The Mechanics And Muscular Activity Characteristics Of The Pinch Technique For Advanced Climbers, Weiya Hao, Yaohan Huang, Shangxiao Li, Yuting Peng

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to explore the effects of pinch holds’ width on the mechanics and muscle activity characteristics of the pinch technique in sport climbing. 22 climbers completed maximum gripping or pinching biomechanic test of a jug hold and two pinch holds with different width. The resultant traction force, traction force components, the utilization ratio of traction forces and root mean square (RMS) amplitude of the electromyography (EMG) signals of upper limb muscles were collected. Compared to the jug, traction force decreased by 6%-19% when using the broad pinch and 31%-46% with the narrow pinch (all P < 0.05). The RMS of the pectoralis major, biceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi showed the pattern: jug > the broad pinch …

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Interaction Between The Midsole And Plate In Running Shoes Modifies The Energy Strategy Of The Mtp Joint During Running, Soo-Ji Han, Jusung Lee, Sanghyuk Han, Seongjun Kim, Jongchul Park Nov 2025

Interaction Between The Midsole And Plate In Running Shoes Modifies The Energy Strategy Of The Mtp Joint During Running, Soo-Ji Han, Jusung Lee, Sanghyuk Han, Seongjun Kim, Jongchul Park

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated biomechanical differences of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint according to midsole materials (EVA, PEBA) and carbon plate insertion. Ten male runners performed overground running at 3.89 m/s (±5%) under four footwear conditions. Discrete outcome variables included active and critical stiffness (Kactive, Kcr), push-off time, peak propulsion force, and MTP power transition timing, while statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM) was applied to joint power. PEBA without a plate did not provide a propulsion advantage but reduced energy loss and enabled more effective joint control than EVA. In contrast, the addition of a plate to EVA facilitated a faster roll-off with …

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The Effect Of Changing Depth And Speed On Ground Reaction Forces During Squat, Ihsen M. Hamed, Hafiz H. Abdalla, Rony Ibrahim Nov 2025

The Effect Of Changing Depth And Speed On Ground Reaction Forces During Squat, Ihsen M. Hamed, Hafiz H. Abdalla, Rony Ibrahim

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study examined the combined effects of squat depth and speed on three-dimensional ground reaction force (GRF) patterns during bodyweight squats in 18 male participants. Imposed speed squats were about twice as fast as preferred speed, and peak knee flexion increased with depth: 99° (partial), 115° (half), and 130° (full). GRFs were measured with dual force plates and analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Slow-paced squats generated higher GRFs at the beginning and end of the movement, whereas fast tempo squats yielded a sharper vertical GRF during the bottom transition phase. Squat depth primarily affected horizontal …

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Are On-Field Peak Patellar Tendon Force Estimations From Kinematics And Kinetics Viable? An Exploratory Analysis, Michiel Hagen, Jasper Verheul, Wouter Meynendonckx, Simran Chandani, Yoni Dochez, Margot Vanpachtenbeke, Danilo Santos Catelli, Sabine Verschueren, Jos Vanrenterghem Nov 2025

Are On-Field Peak Patellar Tendon Force Estimations From Kinematics And Kinetics Viable? An Exploratory Analysis, Michiel Hagen, Jasper Verheul, Wouter Meynendonckx, Simran Chandani, Yoni Dochez, Margot Vanpachtenbeke, Danilo Santos Catelli, Sabine Verschueren, Jos Vanrenterghem

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The objective of this study was to explore the potential of peak patellar tendon force estimations across a broad variety of physical exercises based on sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic parameters. Seven patients with patellar tendinopathy and seven healthy individuals performed 24 exercises. Peak patellar tendon forces were calculated through advanced musculoskeletal modelling. Four relevant exercise categories were identified: (1) squats / lunges / step downs, (2) jumping / hopping push-off, (3) jumping / hopping landing and (4) jumping / hopping plyometric. The adjusted R2 values of the regression analyses from kinematic data alone varied between 0.177 and 0.601 …

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No Differences Between Males And Females In The Neural Control Of Explosive Contractions, Anna Grootenhuis, Fiona Hiereth, Jakob Škarabot, Marius Oßwald, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Markus Gruber, Luca Ruggiero Dr. Nov 2025

No Differences Between Males And Females In The Neural Control Of Explosive Contractions, Anna Grootenhuis, Fiona Hiereth, Jakob Škarabot, Marius Oßwald, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Markus Gruber, Luca Ruggiero Dr.

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Males and females exhibit comparable explosive relative to maximal strength. Given the greater proportion of type I fibres area in female muscles, motor units discharge rate (MUDR) in explosive efforts may be higher to compensate for slower contractile properties. To verify this, 22 females and 12 males (20-34 y), performed 10 rapid isometric ankle dorsiflexors, while recording high-density electromyography from tibialis anterior. Relative rate of torque development (RTD) measures (normalised to maximal torque) in the first 150 ms from contraction onset were not different (P > 0.07) between sexes, nor MUDR at the beginning of the explosive efforts (61 ± …

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Sex-Related Differences In Trail Running Biomechanics: A Field Study, Matteo Genitrini, Stephanie Moore, Hermann Schwameder Nov 2025

Sex-Related Differences In Trail Running Biomechanics: A Field Study, Matteo Genitrini, Stephanie Moore, Hermann Schwameder

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Trail running is an emergent endurance discipline. The aim of this work was to compare male and female trail runners for biomechanics in a field study. This would contribute to design more sex-specific training protocols. Fourteen participants carried out a trail running test wearing a full body motion capture system. In uphill sections, male athletes showed longer stride length, resulting from more effective trunk kinematics and hip-trunk coordination. In downhill sections, female athletes showed a more efficient hip-knee coordination pattern, resulting in better safety. To improve performance and mitigate risk of falls, females may focus on reducing trunk range of …

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Spatiotemporal Sprint Parameters Of Adults With Achondroplasia During The World Dwarf Games 2023 – Preliminary Results, Johannes Funken, Bennet Brüsehof, Jan-Peter Goldmann, Carola Birk, Svea Lüdorff, Aleksei Ratnikov, Oliver Semler Nov 2025

Spatiotemporal Sprint Parameters Of Adults With Achondroplasia During The World Dwarf Games 2023 – Preliminary Results, Johannes Funken, Bennet Brüsehof, Jan-Peter Goldmann, Carola Birk, Svea Lüdorff, Aleksei Ratnikov, Oliver Semler

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Spatiotemporal sprint parameters play a crucial role in analyzing and optimizing sprint performance. While well-documented in average-height athletes, little research exists on individuals with dwarfism. This study examines sprint kinematics in adults with achondroplasia during the World Dwarf Games 2023, providing new insights into their biomechanical adaptations. The analysis explores key relationships between kinematic variables, revealing that athletes with achondroplasia rely more on step frequency, likely compensating for shorter limb lengths, compared to average-height sprinters. This research offers initial reference values for sprint performance in this population and will inform training and rehabilitation programs tailored to their specific biomechanical needs.

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Walking On Extreme Slope: Are Stairs Cheaper? Implication For Vertical Kilometer Performance, Louis Finiel, Sophie Carron, Chloé Margot, Fabio Borrani Nov 2025

Walking On Extreme Slope: Are Stairs Cheaper? Implication For Vertical Kilometer Performance, Louis Finiel, Sophie Carron, Chloé Margot, Fabio Borrani

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to determine if walking on stairs vs incline is cheaper in an energetical point of view. The second objective was to determine the optimal uphill angle for performance at a constant vertical speed of 800m/h. 22 participants did 3 modalities (stairs only, stairs with poles and uphill only) at angles ranging from 18 to 38°. Results showed that 22° was the cross over point where using stairs become cheaper than uphill and that the optimal range for stairs was between 22° and 34°.

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Estimation Of Biomechanical Parameters During Squat, Walking And Jumping Using Imus, Gilmar Fernandes Dos Santos, Christof Hurschler, Eike Jakubowitz Nov 2025

Estimation Of Biomechanical Parameters During Squat, Walking And Jumping Using Imus, Gilmar Fernandes Dos Santos, Christof Hurschler, Eike Jakubowitz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to analyze the agreement between the estimation of knee sagittal moment, knee sagittal velocity, knee power and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) using inertial measuring unit (IMU) against well-established motion capture analysis during unweighted squat, walking at self-selected speed, and vertical countermovement jump (CMJ). Eleven healthy participants equipped with retroreflective markers were measured using an optical motion capture system and force platforms. A neural network was created to estimate knee velocity and kinetics, and vertical GRF, using data of 2 IMUs and knee angle as input. The estimations were accurate, with nRMSE values less …

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Characterization Of Shoulder Moments And Force Application In Static And Dynamic Campus Exercises, Juliana Exel Phd, Judith Satzinger, Willi Koller, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz Nov 2025

Characterization Of Shoulder Moments And Force Application In Static And Dynamic Campus Exercises, Juliana Exel Phd, Judith Satzinger, Willi Koller, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to characterize shoulder joint moments and force application patterns in static and dynamic campus exercises. Campus exercises are upper-body plyometric movements performed on a ladder-like training board, where climbers ascend using only their arms, without foot support. Twenty advanced/elite climbers performed five trials of each exercise on an instrumented two-rung campus board. Shoulder joint moments on the 3 planes of motion and vertical forces for each limb were computed across the exercise cycles and time series were compared. Results showed that dynamic campus exercises elicited higher shoulder joint moments in the sagittal and frontal planes, particularly during …

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Validating A Markerless Motion Capture Application In Simultaed Snowboarding, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl Nov 2025

Validating A Markerless Motion Capture Application In Simultaed Snowboarding, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the present pilot study was to validate the timing and position accuracy of the centre of mass (COM) during a replicative snowboarding training session using a previously validated motion capture system (Simi Motion®) and a mobile markerless monocular motion capture application (SPLYZA Motion). The positional timing of the two-dimensional (2D) COM motion between the two systems were validated in an indoor laboratory condition as two elite snowboarders performed three individual movements, namely a static (isometric) pose as a proxy method for ground truth validation followed by a vertical jump and a single rotation. The position of the …

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Centre Of Mass Acceleration In Freestyle Halfpipe Snowboarding Performed On A Trampoline Using 3d Mobile Motion Capture, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl Nov 2025

Centre Of Mass Acceleration In Freestyle Halfpipe Snowboarding Performed On A Trampoline Using 3d Mobile Motion Capture, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this preliminary study was to establish if magnitudes of centre of mass (COM) acceleration captured using 3D mobile markerless motion capture (MMC) technology would elicit comparable data to a standard 3D Motion Capture (MOCAP) system in freestyle halfpipe snowboarding. Raw data pertaining COM acceleration was verified in a laboratory condition as two international-level athletes performed a simulated freestyle halfpipe on a trampoline. Raw COM acceleration data from the mobile application was reported in the local reference frame and showed high correlation MOCAP (τ =0.74, f = 20.21) with small effects (η² = 0.17) with no significance difference …

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Testing Aclr Football Players On The Field: An Algorithm To Assess Cutting Biomechanics Injury Risk Through Wearables, Stefano Di Paolo, Margherita Mendicino, Marianna Viotto, Alberto Grassi, Stefano Zaffagnini Nov 2025

Testing Aclr Football Players On The Field: An Algorithm To Assess Cutting Biomechanics Injury Risk Through Wearables, Stefano Di Paolo, Margherita Mendicino, Marianna Viotto, Alberto Grassi, Stefano Zaffagnini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of the present study was to develop an algorithm to assess the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during the return to sport (RTS) continuum through sport-specific biomechanical testing. Sixty-two players (21 ACLR, 40 healthy controls) performed planned and unplanned football-specific changes of direction in a football pitch. Kinematics were collected through 8 wearable inertial sensors (MTw Awinda, Movella) on lower limbs and sternum. An algorithm to determine the risk of knee loading based on the dangerous movement patterns was provided (“Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk profile Detection”, ACL-IRD). The algorithm detected at-risk biomechanics in about one-fourth of …

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Machine Learning And Deep Learning Applications In Sports Biomechanical Analysis: A Systematic Scoping Review Of Performance Enhancement And Injury Prevention Strategies, Wissem Dhahbi, Nidhal Jebabli, Manar Boujabli, Marouen Souaifi, Ismail Dergaa, Lamia Ben Ezzdine Nov 2025

Machine Learning And Deep Learning Applications In Sports Biomechanical Analysis: A Systematic Scoping Review Of Performance Enhancement And Injury Prevention Strategies, Wissem Dhahbi, Nidhal Jebabli, Manar Boujabli, Marouen Souaifi, Ismail Dergaa, Lamia Ben Ezzdine

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Aim: This scoping review systematically maps current trends in artificial intelligence applications for sports biomechanical analysis, examining performance enhancement and injury prevention utility, methodological approaches, implementation challenges, and ethical considerations. Methods: A comprehensive analysis synthesized evidence on AI methodologies applied to sports biomechanics across various contexts, including machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning approaches integrated with learning management systems. This review examined data collection modes, analytical approaches, and practical implementation in laboratory and field settings. Results: AI applications evolved from basic statistical modeling to sophisticated machine learning configurations, demonstrating superior performance in technique analysis (94% agreement with international judges), …

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Changes In Walking Performance Under Dual Task Conditions Across Pregnancy – A Case Study, Nikola Chmura, Wanda Forczek-Karkosz Nov 2025

Changes In Walking Performance Under Dual Task Conditions Across Pregnancy – A Case Study, Nikola Chmura, Wanda Forczek-Karkosz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In recent years there is a growing literature on the walking pattern during pregnancy in the context of preventing falls as pregnancy progresses (Błaszczyk et al. 2016). The study examines the impact of pregnancy on walking under dual-task conditions. A 27-year-old participant was assessed in her first and third trimester for gait parameters and cognitive function changes. Results showed slower walking speed, prolonged double support phase, and a wider base of support, especially when performing an additional task. The DIVA test revealed impaired attention and increased errors.Findings highlight the effect of cognitive load on stability in pregnant women, potentially increasing …

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Trunk Kinematics In The Sliding Forehand On Clay Courts: A Comparison Of Elite And Sub-Elite Tennis Players, Kai-Lung Chang, Wen-Tzu Tang, Tsung-Yu Huang, Zi-Jun Lin, Cheng-Yi Hsiao Nov 2025

Trunk Kinematics In The Sliding Forehand On Clay Courts: A Comparison Of Elite And Sub-Elite Tennis Players, Kai-Lung Chang, Wen-Tzu Tang, Tsung-Yu Huang, Zi-Jun Lin, Cheng-Yi Hsiao

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study compares the trunk kinematics of elite and sub-elite male tennis players during the sliding forehand stroke on clay courts. A total of 24 highly skilled players participated in this study. Their stroke execution was recorded using a 3D high-speed infrared motion capture system. Independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05) were used to compare trunk kinematics between groups. Elite players outperformed their sub-elite counterparts across all measured points, including greater right lateral bending at the Ground Contact and End Backswing points, enhanced anterior tilt at the Impact and Racket Extension points, and superior left lateral bending at the Completion of Swing point. Additionally, their greater maximum trunk displacement reflects superior trunk control and movement efficiency throughout the stroke sequence. This study underscores the importance of trunk rotational control and sliding techniques in optimizing forehand performance on clay courts.

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The Analysis Method Results In Differences In The Evaluation Of Drop Jump Kinetics: Proof Of Concept At Three Dropping Heights, Christos Chalitsios Phd, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos Phd, Iraklis A. Kollias Nov 2025

The Analysis Method Results In Differences In The Evaluation Of Drop Jump Kinetics: Proof Of Concept At Three Dropping Heights, Christos Chalitsios Phd, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos Phd, Iraklis A. Kollias

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to examine possible variations in estimating the initial DJ conditions (landing velocity) and consequently drop jump (DJ) performance and kinetics when using different force-recording instrumentation (i.e., number of force-plates) and analysis methods. Volleyball players (n = 10) executed DJs from 20, 40, and 60 cm. Differences in drop (DropH) and jump (Hjump) height, and DJ biomechanical parameters were examined with the nominal single (SFP) and double force-plate method (DFP), as well as the drop (DTM) and flight time (FTM) method. Results indicated that DropH was different than the nominal when the DFP and …

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Within-Session Variability In Treadmill Running Mechanics In Team Sport Athletes, Claire Chaisson, Brian Hanley, Dan Weaving, Stacey Emmonds Nov 2025

Within-Session Variability In Treadmill Running Mechanics In Team Sport Athletes, Claire Chaisson, Brian Hanley, Dan Weaving, Stacey Emmonds

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated within-session variability in treadmill running mechanics during repeated same-day runs across multiple speeds, with a secondary aim to assess how these mechanics changed with speed. Eleven team sport athletes (9 M, 2 F; 25.0 ± 3.2 years) completed three trials of 30-s treadmill runs at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km/h. The coefficient of variation (CV%) for step length (2.7 to 1.7%, β = -0.10, p = 0.004) and flight time (7.9 to 4.3%, β = -0.41, p < 0.001) decreased with speed, indicating greater consistency. Step length (β = 0.068), step rate (β = 0.054), flight time (β = 3.69) and horizontal work (β = 0.026) increased with speed, and contact time (β = –9.86), duty factor (β = –0.008) and vertical work (β = –0.041) decreased. These findings suggest movement patterns become more consistent at higher speeds.

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The Effects Of A Basketball Game-Based Warm-Up In Squat Jump Performance In Youth Students, Marco V. Campana Bonilla, Mansour N. Alsowayan Nov 2025

The Effects Of A Basketball Game-Based Warm-Up In Squat Jump Performance In Youth Students, Marco V. Campana Bonilla, Mansour N. Alsowayan

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a basketball game-based warm-up (BGW) on squat jump (SJ) performance in youth students. 28 high school participants were included in this study. The participants performed a BGW and completed a SJ pre-test and post-test. A smartphone app was used to test and collect the jump height (JH), flight time (FT), velocity (Vel), force (F), and power (P), which was obtained and calculated using the take-off and landing points by the app from the video recorded taken from the SJ. Our findings showed significant differences for boys in FT (p …

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Acl Injury-Related Kinematic Assessment: A Preliminary Study To Compare Marker-Based, Wearable, And Markerless Systems, Claudia Brunetti, Filippo Bertozzi, Pietro Maver, Marco Palombi, Matilde Santini, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini Nov 2025

Acl Injury-Related Kinematic Assessment: A Preliminary Study To Compare Marker-Based, Wearable, And Markerless Systems, Claudia Brunetti, Filippo Bertozzi, Pietro Maver, Marco Palombi, Matilde Santini, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in non-contact situations, highlighting the need for effective risk assessment tools. This study compared kinematic outcomes of IMUs (Xsens), markerless (OpenCap) and an optoelectronic system (OMS) – considered the gold standard - in drop jumps with change of direction. Knee and hip sagittal and frontal plane kinematics were recorded concurrently with all three systems in a total of 260 trials. Xsens showed high validity for knee flexion (R2=0.81, RMSE2=0.00), limiting its use in ACL injury prevention research. OpenCap had weaker agreement with OMS (i.e., for knee flexion R2=0.76, RMSE=7.6°) …

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Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: Integrating Biomechanical Analysis In The Development Of Landing Mats In Gymnastics., Pavel Brtva, Bethany Canty, Rebecca Straker, Gareth Irwin, Roman Farana Nov 2025

Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: Integrating Biomechanical Analysis In The Development Of Landing Mats In Gymnastics., Pavel Brtva, Bethany Canty, Rebecca Straker, Gareth Irwin, Roman Farana

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study examined variations in vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and lower limb kinematics during landings on three different mat structures (TYPE1, TYPE2, TYPE3) compared to FIG mat in young unskilled (pupils) and gymnast’s female. Significant effects of mat type were observed for VGRFmax, time to VGRFmax, peak ankle and knee angles, and peak knee angular velocity. TYPE1 mats exhibited the highest VGRF and shortest time to peak, indicating inadequate force attenuation and potential injury risk. Gymnasts demonstrated lower VGRFmax and lower ankle flexion, likely due to landing technique. No significant differences between TYPE2, TYPE3, …

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Pacing And Stroke Mechanics In 400m Freestyle: A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model Across Performance Levels, Nicolas Bideau, Antoine Bouvet Nov 2025

Pacing And Stroke Mechanics In 400m Freestyle: A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model Across Performance Levels, Nicolas Bideau, Antoine Bouvet

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study explores the relationship between stroke mechanics regulation and pacing optimization in the 400m freestyle across different performance levels. The analysis involves 127 trained to elite swimmers, divided into performance groups, using an IMU sensor to measure spatiotemporal parameters. A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model identified trends and group-specific variations in speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke smoothness (jerk cost). Results show higher-performing swimmers better adapt technique to pacing by balancing stroke rate and length. Models reveal group differences, especially in pacing management and efficient technical regulation among top swimmers. This study emphasizes developing technical skills for pacing to …

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Towards Ai-Based At-Home Phsiotherapy For The Elderly: Comparing Movenet With Vitpose In Human Pose Estimation, Dominik Batić, Srinivas Kachavarapu, Fayçal Nait Irahal, Dagmar Meyer, Carsten Meyer Nov 2025

Towards Ai-Based At-Home Phsiotherapy For The Elderly: Comparing Movenet With Vitpose In Human Pose Estimation, Dominik Batić, Srinivas Kachavarapu, Fayçal Nait Irahal, Dagmar Meyer, Carsten Meyer

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The current tendency to shorten hospital stays requires patients to do rehabilitation exercises independently at home after knee and hip replacement surgeries. To help address the lack of supervision, we are developing a digital system that uses Human Pose Estimation (HPE) to analyse patient motion and provide feedback. In this work, we focus on two system aspects: (1) A tablet-based mobile application with an elderly-friendly interface and (2) a quantitative comparison of a widely used real-time HPE algorithm (MoveNet) with one of the top performers on the COCO benchmark (ViTPose). We provide experimental results for two-dimensional (2D) HPE on public …

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A Novel Pathway To Characterise Footballs For Finite Element Analysis, Megan J. Barnes-Wood, Henrique Ramos, Rafael Santiago, Peter Theobald Nov 2025

A Novel Pathway To Characterise Footballs For Finite Element Analysis, Megan J. Barnes-Wood, Henrique Ramos, Rafael Santiago, Peter Theobald

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study developed a method to characterise materials used in football manufacture for finite element analysis. Quasi-static (0.1/s) and dynamic (10/s and 100/s) uniaxial testing on a FIFA Quality Programme approved football generated hyperelastic material coefficients. Dynamic mechanical analysis was utilised to create Prony series coefficients to inform the viscoelastic behaviour. The model was validated by comparing finite element simulations with experimental data, focusing on dynamic properties including coefficient of restitution, maximum deformation, and contact time. Results indicated a strong correlation, with RMSE between 0.0051 and 10.4310, particularly at 0.8 bar pressure, demonstrating the model’s efficacy for high-strain impacts. This …

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Investigation Of Supervised Machine Learning For Imu-Based Swimming Activity Recognition, Saeed Aram, Isobel M. Thompson, Dominic A. Hudson, Joseph Banks Nov 2025

Investigation Of Supervised Machine Learning For Imu-Based Swimming Activity Recognition, Saeed Aram, Isobel M. Thompson, Dominic A. Hudson, Joseph Banks

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigates how IMU sensor data types, feature extraction, window sizes, and supervised machine learning models affect swimming activity recognition accuracy. Using a single IMU on lower back, the system classified strokes, turns, and starts under realistic conditions. Three classifiers of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were evaluated. Five types of statistical feature sets were extracted from window sizes ranging from 1 to 6 seconds with 0.01 second sliding step. The best classifier is SVM, achieving overall accuracy of 0.97 with high accuracy for surface swimming stroke. However, shorter windows had …

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The Effect Of The Eyes-Closed Condition On Muscle Activation, Ground Reaction Force, And 3d Kinematics In Countermovement Jumps, Nada Juma Aldous, Paul Grimshaw Nov 2025

The Effect Of The Eyes-Closed Condition On Muscle Activation, Ground Reaction Force, And 3d Kinematics In Countermovement Jumps, Nada Juma Aldous, Paul Grimshaw

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigates the effects of the eyes-closed condition on lower limb muscle activation, ground reaction force, and three-dimensional kinematics during repeated countermovement jumps in healthy young male adults. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory setting using a force platform, 3D motion capture, and wireless electromyography. The results offer insight into the interplay between sensory re-weighting and motor control under altered visual conditions. While key performance parameters remain largely consistent between eyes-open and eyes-closed trials, subtle differences in joint kinematics suggest compensatory adaptations may occur. These findings contribute to a better understanding of sensory integration in dynamic motor tasks …

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Advanced Nanocomposite Materials For Protective Fencing Suits: Enhancing Biomechanical Performance And Sustainability, Ala Husam Subhi Alardah, Mennatalla Sheikhmohamed Saifeldin Kuna, Marwa Al-Ani, Dr. Mostafa Hussein Ramadan Sliem, Dr. Noora Al-Qahtani Nov 2025

Advanced Nanocomposite Materials For Protective Fencing Suits: Enhancing Biomechanical Performance And Sustainability, Ala Husam Subhi Alardah, Mennatalla Sheikhmohamed Saifeldin Kuna, Marwa Al-Ani, Dr. Mostafa Hussein Ramadan Sliem, Dr. Noora Al-Qahtani

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Fencing requires proper protective attire that ensures safety and allows for unrestricted movement by balancing flexibility, durability, and puncture resistance. This study investigates the potential of electrospun nanofiber composites, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and enhanced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as a sustainable alternative to traditional fencing suit materials. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and dielectric spectroscopy confirmed the uniform incorporation of rGO within the porous nanofiber structure, which enhances the distribution of mechanical loads and energy absorption. The dielectric characteristics of the composite suggest its suitability for applications in adaptive stiffness …

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