Digital Commons Network^™

Re-Examining Endemic Smoky Dace As An Indicator Species In The Upper Little Tennessee River Index Of Biological Integrity, Tayton C. Alvis, William O. Mclarney, Radmila Petric, Jason P. Love

Southeastern Fishes Council Proceedings

Fish communities can be used to evaluate water quality and stream ecosystem health, helping resource managers understand the effects of anthropogenic disturbance. Fish species inform indexes of biological integrity through their ecological traits and tolerance to stressors (e.g. tolerant of disturbance, intolerant of disturbance), but these designations are difficult to determine without localized, species-specific information. The Upper Little Tennessee River watershed is subject to long-term aquatic biomonitoring, applying an index of biological integrity tailored to the region. In this index, the undescribed endemic Smoky Dace (Clinostomus sp.) is classified as intolerant based on a previous designation for the Rosyside Dace …

Pharmaceuticals Acetaminophen, Cephalexin And Levofloxacin: Elimination And Toxicity Study Via Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalyst, Faisal Al Marzouqi, Bunsho Ohtani, Hlengilizwe Nyoni, Fahad Al Shidi, Alex T. Kuvarega, Bhekie B Mamba, Rengaraj Selvaraj

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

In recent times, investigators have conducted extensive studies on carbon nitride-based photocatalytic materials. Earlier research mainly concentrated on the poly-condensation technique and the uses of the produced materials, whereas less attention was given to the starting precursors, which were broadly classified as nitrogen-rich. This research offers a complete examination of the appropriate precursors, highlighting their large-scale, economical, and safe production for carbon nitride-based materials. Safety evaluations of the precursors were examined, and a cost analysis was conducted to refine the choice of accessible precursors. Afterward, the surface area, photophysical, SEM, and electrochemical properties of the materials were characterized. The differences …

Role Of Oxygen Vacancy In Photocatalytic Water Splitting Using Ceria Bismuth Oxide Solid Solution, Kahkashan Ansari, Rajani Meena, Yuktanshi Gautam, Neelu Chouhan

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

In this study, we report the successful synthesis of solid solution (SS) cerium bismuth oxide (CBO) photocatalysts via a facile combustion method using urea as starting materials at different calcination temperatures (300–900°C). The prepared CBO exhibited a nanocrystalline fluorite structure with a direct band gap of 3.02 eV, enabling efficient visible light driven photocatalytic water splitting. Under natural solar irradiation, the optimized CBO achieved excellent H2 and O2 evolution rates of 776.3 μmol g-1 and 388.2 μmol g-1 respectively. A high hydrogen evolution rate of 766.3 μ mol g-1 was also obtained under artificial sunlight using methanol as a sacrificial …

Green Synthesis Of Nanomaterials For Carbon Capture And Clean Energy Applications, Ranjana Rayaraddi, Sathyabama Balaji, Blessy Babukutty, Mahendra Kolya, Sunil Meti, Sabu Thomas

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

The rapid increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the growing global energy demand have intensified the search for sustainable carbon mitigation and clean energy solutions. Nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for carbon capture, energy conversion, and storage technologies due to their high surface area, tunable physicochemical properties, and superior catalytic performance. However, conventional nanomaterial synthesis routes often involve toxic chemicals, harsh reaction conditions, and high energy consumption, limiting their environmental sustainability. In this context, green synthesis of nanomaterials has gained significant attention as an eco-friendly alternative that aligns with the principles of green chemistry. This review presents …

Development And Evaluation Of Electrospun Pva/Lemongrass Nanofibers As Potential Pest Control Applications, Manjula Ramamoorthy, Sheeja Rajiv, B. Hamsini

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

The growing demand for safe and controlled application of medicines in biological field has led to the development of using synthetic polymers. Essential oils have been used as green insecticides due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly nature. In this study, a green alternative insecticide based on PVA polymeric nanofibers and lemongrass was successfully prepared using electrospinning technique and was characterised by SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA measurements. The developed lemongrass loaded PVA mat exhibited strong insecticidal action directed at the test insect saw tooth beetle. These findings demonstrated that the prepared electrospun blend mat might provide a protective atmosphere around …

Atomistic Insights Into The Adhesion Of Polyurea On Sio2 Surfaces Under Thermal Loading, Sajid Mohammad Chhipa, Sumit Sharma, Ashok Kumar Bagha

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

The interfacial adhesion between polymer coatings and oxide substrates is a critical issue to improve the durability of the protective systems used in aggressive environments. Despite extensive research on polymer coatings, the atomistic understanding of the temperature-dependent adhesion behavior of polyurea on silica (SiO2) surfaces remains limited. In this study, the adhesion behavior of polyurea on a silica (SiO2) surface as a function of the temperature was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Atomistic models were created for the evaluation of interfacial interaction energy at polymer–substrate interface. The results reveal that polyurea forms a thermally stable interface with the silica with …

Assessing Amino Acids And Peptide Adsorption On Pristine Graphene In Aqueous Solution: Nmr Spectroscopy, Budoor S. Al Umairi, Rahma Al Busaidi, Walaa Sameer Aburayan

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Graphene offers tremendous potential for applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical areas, ranging from molecular diagnostics, biosensors, and prosthetics to implants and drug delivery. However, realising the full potential of graphene is blocked by a limited understanding of the nature and detail of its noncovalent interactions with biological molecules in aqueous dispersion, where such applications can be used. Here, we studied the adsorption of amino acids and peptide on graphene in water utilising Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy by observing 1H signals of individual biomolecules when exposed to graphene. The peptide-graphene interactions appeared to be driven by the binding affinity of individual …

Synthesis Of Nio/Coo Photocatalyst For Enhanced Visible Light Assisted Photodegradation Of Congo Red Dye – A Comparative Study, Mohamed Siddiq, Akash Rajasekhar, Rajeswari Alagar, Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan, Sambandam Anandan

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Serious health issues, including cancer, redness, skin irritation, and allergic reactions, have been linked to factories releasing Congo red dye into water supplies. Therefore, this study focused on the simple production of NiO/CoO (NCO) metal oxide nanocomposites using the reflux-assisted chemical precipitation method. Subsequently, these metal oxide nanocomposites were employed for effective photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye. The crystalline structure and phase purity of the synthesized materials were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, confirming the formation of highly crystalline cubic phases of NiO, CoO, and NCO nanocomposite. Morphological studies showed that the NCO composite exhibited a mixed spherical and square-shaped …

Biobloom Tio2: Green Synthesis Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Clitoria Ternatea Flower Extract For Bioremediation Of Textile Dyes, Nijasritha Jayaprakash, Kishore Parthasarathy, Varshana Prabhu, Sowparnika Lakshmidass, Koyeli Girigoswami

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Nanotechnology is essential in many scientific disciplines, particularly materials science, where titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely studied for their stability and high photocatalytic performance in environmental applications. This study reports the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) flower extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, glycosides, and coumarins, facilitate nanoparticle formation and stabilization. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential analysis, DLS, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDX, confirming their structural, morphological, and surface properties. Biocompatibility was evaluated using MTT, hemolysis, and …

Sustainable Microwave-Assisted Casting Route For Orthopedic Plate Implant Fabrication: A Review Of Current Status And Future Prospects, Ashish Kumar, Ashok Kumar Bagha, Sumit Sharma

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Rising need for quality orthopedic plate implants requires more efficient and sustainable manufacturing techniques. Traditional manufacturing routes for these implants includes gravity casting, forging, and powder metallurgy. Such methods often suffer from limitations such as non-uniform microstructures, high energy consumption, prolonged processing times, and environmental concern. Microwave-assisted casting using the microwave hybrid heating (MHH) approach offers a promising alternative with rapid, uniform, and volumetric heating. Microwave-assisted casting of biomaterials has recently attracted research interest for producing cost-effective, high-quality biomedical implants. This review critically evaluates the current status of microwave-based processing and casting routes for biomedical implant fabrication. It provides a …

Mechanically Modulated Photothermal Dynamics In Au-Pdms Nanocomposites For Non-Contact Stress Sensing, Woosuk Chung, Rengaraj Selvaraj, Younghun Kim

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

Photothermal films used in flexible and wearable devices are inevitably exposed to mechanical deformation, yet their thermal response under such conditions remains poorly quantified. In this work, gold nanoparticle–embedded polydimethylsiloxane (Au@PDMS) films are fabricated and their photothermal behavior is examined under controlled stretching, bending, twisting, and curved-surface attachment. Gold nanoparticles were formed in situ in the PDMS matrix, producing uniformly dispersed, spherical nanocrystals with retained crystallinity. Systematic variation of Au loading reveals a proportional increase in optical absorption and light-to-heat conversion efficiency without significant aggregation. Under near-infrared irradiation (808 nm), the Au@PDMS films exhibit rapid and repeatable temperature modulation. Mechanical …

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production With Bi2Wo6/G-C3N4 Heterojunction Through S-Scheme Charge Transfer, Zihan Mao, Xuan Ran, Shu Lin, Kezhen Qi

Sultan Qaboos University Journal For Science

We synthesized Bi2WO6 via a hydrothermal approach and subsequently fabricated a Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 heterojunction through grinding process. The resulting composite demonstrated an impressive photocatalytic production rate of hydrogen peroxide at 4809.5 μ mol g-1 h-1, which is nearly double that of CN and 18 times greater than that of BWO. The photocatalytic effectiveness of the BWO/CN composite was thoroughly investigated under different conditions and environmental factors. This enhancement can be primarily attributed to the efficient separation and migration of photogenerated charge carrier pairs facilitated by the S-scheme heterojunction, along with improved redox capability. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were …

Morphological Determinants Of Multiple Courtyard Configurations In Contemporary Urban Housing: A Quantitative Analysis Of Plot Area And Frontage Width, Maha Khalaf Hammad, Hasan Abdulrazzaq Hasan

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

In modern cities with small plots and narrow frontages, courtyard-based housing has come back as a flexible way to use space. This study seeks to quantitatively examine the impact of residential plot area and frontage width on the diversity and functional distribution of courtyards in modern urban housing. A quantitative morphological approach was used by looking at the shapes of 121 modern residential plans that included internal courtyards. Using AutoCAD, we got spatial data, and then we used Microsoft Excel to look at the relationships between plot morphology, courtyard number, area, and functional role. The results show that the courtyard …

Integrating Ai-Based Electricity Demand Forecasting With Solar Grid Planning To Enhance Sustainability And Reliability, Anas Thamer Mustafa, Omar Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Yozbaky

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Proper electricity-demand forecasting is essential for reliable power-system planning, particularly in urban networks facing rapid demand growth and transformer overloading. However, many previous studies have treated load forecasting and renewable-energy integration as separate tasks, which limits their usefulness for practical planning. This study develops an integrated forecasting–planning framework that links AI-based electricity-demand forecasting with photovoltaic (PV) system design and transformer-loading assessment. The framework is applied to real daily data from the Al-Intisar 132/33 kV substation in Mosul, Iraq, covering electrical load, temperature, population, and date-related variables for the period 2022–2024. Fourteen forecasting models from four methodological categories were evaluated: machine-learning …

Religion And Judicial Jurisdiction Conflicts In Personal Status & Inheritance Affairs, Manal Ahmad Shebaro

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

In light of the philosophy underlying the Lebanese legal system, which is based on accommodating the multiplicity of personal status laws; specifically the family system for individuals in relation to marriage, parenthood, and related matters, according to the different sects and recognized religious denominations, which form an exception to the general legal system known as civil law, the general rule governing other relationships; the study aims to analyze the impact of religion on determining judicial jurisdiction in international and internal relations related to inheritance and personal status affairs.

The objective of this study is as follows:

•             To shed light …

Cyberattacks And The Challenges Of Applying International Humanitarian Law: An Analytical Study In Traditional Rules And Diplomatic Solutions, Mohamed Ibrahim Abdelnabi

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This paper examines the inadequacy of the current legal framework of international humanitarian law in protecting civilians from the risks of cyberattacks, and analyzes the devastating humanitarian impacts of communications shutdowns and digital attacks on critical infrastructure such as hospitals. The research concludes that legal frameworks need to be modernized, international cooperation strengthened, and effective international accountability mechanisms developed to bridge the protection gap that exists in the digital age and ensure that perpetrators of these violations do not go unpunished.

Acts Of Sovereignty In Light Of Administrative And Constitutional Juisprudence In Palestine, Osayd Awawda, Bassam Qawasmeh

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This paper examines the concept of acts of sovereignty within the Palestinian legal system by analyzing its application in administrative and constitutional adjudication, particularly in cases arising from the 2021 presidential decree postponing the general elections. The paper presents the arguments advanced by the parties before the administrative courts and the Supreme Constitutional Court, and evaluates the extent to which the judicial rulings align with constitutional principles, especially the right to litigation and the right to political participation, including voting and candidacy. The paper also discusses the theoretical and practical foundations for excluding acts of sovereignty from judicial review, and …

Al Shura In Light Of The Concept Of Reality, A Historical, Jurisprudence And Legal Study, Fawzi Adham

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This research undertakes an in-depth study of the concept of Shura (Consultation) in Islam from historical, jurisprudential and legal perspectives. It begins by reviewing the concept itself, starting with a realistic understanding of it. This involves defining Shura in its current form, presenting the views of Islamic jurists on the matter, highlighting the methodological flaws in the current understanding, and offering a corrective approach to the pre-Islamic tribal view of Shura. The research also distinguishes between Shura and the concept of Mashurah. Furthermore, it presents the political concept of Shura based on the era of Caliphs Alrashidin, the Umayyad and …

Mediation As A Mechanism For Resolving Family Disputes In Lebanon: An Analytical Study Of Current Practice And Development Prospects, Amer El Masry

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

This study examines the effectiveness of mediation as a mechanism for resolving family disputes in Lebanon, with a particular focus on the gap between the legal framework governing mediation and its practical application. The research addresses the extent to which mediation, in its judicial and consensual forms, can provide effective and fair solutions to family disputes within a legal system characterized by multiple personal status laws, diverse judicial authorities, and the absence of a specialized framework for family mediation. It further explores challenges related to the protection of vulnerable parties, the balance of power between disputants, institutional integration, and public …

The State’S Responsibility To Prevent And Investigate Violations Of The Right To Life In The Beirut Port Explosion, Ali Wehbi Dib

BAU Journal - Journal of Legal Studies - مجلة الدراسات القانونية

The right to life is recognised in International Human Rights Law (IHRL) as the "supreme right." It is considered a jus cogens norm, fundamental for both individuals and society as a whole. IHRL provides a general guarantee of the right to life. To effectively protect it, the state must take all feasible measures to prevent violations of the right to life and to respond to them. This includes investigating incidents and, when appropriate, prosecuting and punishing those responsible.

The Beirut Port explosion on 4 August 2020 was one of the most powerful non-nuclear explosions in history. It resulted in the …

Solid State Forms Of 2-Amino-N-{[Methyl({[6-(Trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-Benzothiazol-2- Yl]Carbamoyl}Methyl)Carbamoyl]Methyl}Acetamide Hydrochloride And Process For Preparation Thereof, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center; Hyderabad, India; Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan; Sagyam Rajeshwar Reddy; Kommera Rajasekhar; Batchanaboina Venkata Subbaiah; Kondeti Raju; Garai Abhijit

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention relates to a solid state forms of 2-Amino-N- {[methyl({[6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]carbamoyl} methyl) carbamoyl] methyl}acetamide hydrochloride represented by the following structural formula-1 and process for preparation thereof. Formula-1

Improved Process For The Preparation Of 4-Chloro-1,1-Diethoxybutane, Msn Laboratories Private Limited, R&D Center, Hyderabad, India, Srinivasan Thirumalai Rajan, D Shyla Prasad, Y Bhaskar Reddy, Kamatham Raja Reddy

Defensive Publications Series

The present invention provides improved process for 1,1-diethoxybutane represented by the following structural formula-1.

Formula-1

Real Estate Investment Trusts (Reits): Their Nature, Their Trading Ruling, And Their Zakat, Ali Bin Hamad Bin Yaseen Al-Salhi Al-Muq‘Adi

UB Journal for Humanities

This study examines real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which are offered through public subscription and whose units are traded on the capital market, This method of offering and trading distinguishes them in certain respects from non-traded investment funds, thereby warranting a dedicated study. The research aims to clarify the legal characterization of these traded funds based on their underlying assets, as well as the rulings regarding their public offering, trading, and Zakat. The research employs an analytical methodology, relying on the analysis of specific elements to derive conclusions, and is grounded in interpretation and …

Challenges Of Evidence In Electronic Administrative Decisions In The Saudi System: An Analytical Study, Hamoud Atef Al-Qahtani

UB Journal for Humanities

This research examines the evidentiary challenges of electronic administrative decisions within the Saudi legal framework. It aims to clarify the legal nature of these decisions and the admissibility of associated digital evidence. The core problem lies in the challenges faced by the administrative judiciary in verifying decisions issued via automated systems and AI algorithms. Adopting an analytical and inductive approach, the study evaluates Saudi regulations, particularly the Law of Evidence and the Electronic Transactions Law. The findings reveal that the Saudi legal system has established a robust foundation granting electronic decisions full legal authority, provided technical requirements are met, asserting …

Information Technology General Controls And The Reliability Of Digital Accounting Systems In Supporting Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, Radina -. Modjaningrat, Titis Wahyuni M.Si., Zahra Raesa Ananda

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Digital transformation has increased organizational reliance on the Digital Accounting Information System (DAIS) to support financial reporting, making the effectiveness of Information Technology General Controls (ITGC) a critical factor in maintaining system reliability and supporting Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICoFR). This study aims to evaluate the implementation of ITGC and explain its implications for the reliability of DAIS, Information Technology Application Controls (ITAC), Information Technology-Dependent Manual Controls (ITDM), and ICoFR. The study uses a qualitative conceptual-evaluative approach through literature studies and analysis of ITGC evaluation documents at a bank. The evaluation was conducted on four ITGC domains: Access to …

The Representation Of Suicide In Spanish Teen Fiction Tv Series: Narrative Trends And Media Literacy Implications, Patricia Palomares-Sánchez, Victoria Soto-Sanz

Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints

The present study analyses the narrative treatment of suicide in Spanish youth fiction television series produced between 2015 and 2024, aiming to identify representation trends in relation to the recommendations for responsible media coverage and their implications for media literacy. The methodology underpinning this study encompasses eight fiction TV series and combines quantitative research, derived from data collection and analysis, with a qualitative component, focusing on the interpretation and analysis of the results. Findings indicate that the representation lacks due caution in depicting the method and location of suicide, which increases the risk of imitation. Although the narratives present alternatives …

Phytochemical Analysis And Safety Assessment Of Watercress Nasturtium Officinale: Antioxidant Capacity, Heavy Metal Profiling, And Toxicity Using Brine Shrimp Model, Qurrota A’Yunin, Chamini Kasun Hemachandra, Muhaimin Rifa’I, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Maftuch Maftuch, Rizky Fadilla Agustin Rangkuti, Cucun Herlina, Zulfa Mahdiatur Rasyida, Moh Dliyauddin

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Medicinal plants have attracted growing attention as sources of natural bioactive compounds for sustainable aquaculture and health. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, heavy metal profile, and acute toxicity of watercress (Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton) methanol extract using maceration, qualitative and quantitative (TPC, TFC, antioxidant DPPH) phytochemical assay, XRF, and BSLA. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts showed the existence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins, but not steroidal. The TPC and TFC were 20.6 mg GAE/g and 10.8 mg QE/g, respectively. The extract displayed significant antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 64.78 µg/mL in DPPH assay). …

Long-Term Outcomes Of Asymptomatic Microscopic Haematuria In An Outpatient Department, Chidjan Prommajan, Tharntip Sangsuwan, Silom Jamulitrat

Journal of Health Research

Background: Asymptomatic microscopic haematuria (AMH) is frequently detected in outpatient settings. However, its long-term outcomes and association with serious urological conditions; such as genitourinary cancer, urolithiasis, and glomerular disease, remain underexplored. Understanding these associations is essential for improving the diagnostic and management strategies within public health settings.

Methods: This study aimed to determine the underlying causes of AMH in an outpatient department after long-term follow-up. It is a descriptive longitudinal study on outpatients with AMH. Medical records from January 1, 2012., were reviewed: in total of 410 patients were included and followed up until 31 December 2022; or until a …

Community Efforts To Fulfill The Availability Of Green Open Space (Rth) Through Activities Urban Farming (Case Study: Rw 01, Rawasari Village, Johar Baru District, Central Jakarta Administrative City), Fajri Ananda Hade

Cities and Urban Development Journal

Background: The Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta's achievements in the Global City indicators for environmental and sustainability aspects include meeting the availability of micro and macro scale green open spaces (RTH) to optimize space utilization. The need for RTH refers to Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning the availability of RTH with a percentage of 30%.

Aims: This study reviews community efforts to fulfill the availability of green open space through urban farming activities in the Central Jakarta Administrative City with a case study of the RW 01 area, Rawasari Village, Johar Baru District.

Methods: This research method …

An Evaluation Of Green Energy Implementation In The Household Sector : The Use Of Energy-Efficient Lighting In Dki Jakarta, Aldi Gilang Permana

Cities and Urban Development Journal

Background: Rapid population growth and urban activities in DKI Jakarta have led to an increase in energy consumption, particularly in the household sector. This condition highlights the need for the implementation of the green housing concept, especially in terms of green energy, to promote more efficient and environmentally friendly energy use. One of the most common efforts is the use of energy-efficient lighting as a form of energy efficiency in household lighting systems. Although the adoption rate is relatively high, the implementation of green energy remains suboptimal, as the utilization of renewable energy such as solar panels is still very …