Digital Commons Network^™

The Prehistory Of The Interim Docket, Aditya Bamzai, Samuel L. Bray

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Did the Supreme Court issue stays of lower court judgments before the modern era? This Essay explores the underappreciated history of the Supreme Court’s issuance of interim relief. As we show, the Supreme Court has relied on a wide variety of statutory and common law authorities to issue stays long before the recent controversies attending the “shadow” or “interim” docket. This history demonstrates that the Court has always had authority to fashion interim relief of some kind. More- over, it supports the conclusion that the Supreme Court’s authority under the All Writs Act exists even when a more specific statutory …

Inter-Agency Coordination, Jennifer Nou

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Conventional accounts portray agency design as the outcome of congressional and presidential quests for political control. This perspective aligns with administrative law’s preoccupation with agencies’ external constraints. The main unit of analysis from this point of view is the agency, and the central question is how political principals outside of the agency restrain it. In reality, however, agency actors must also abide by controls internal to the agency: how do these mechanisms arise and what explains their design? For their part, legislative and executive specifications invariably leave organizational slack. Agency heads thus possess substantial discretion to impose internal structures and …

Agglomerama, Lee Anne Fennell

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Fee Simple Obsolete, Lee Anne Fennell

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Urbanization has dramatically altered the way in which land generates and forfeits value. The dominant economic significance of patterns of land use and the opportunity costs of foregone complementarities have made the capacity to reconfigure urban property essential. Yet the architecture of our workhorse tenure form—the fee simple—is ill-suited to meet these challenges. The fee simple grants a perpetual monopoly on a piece of physical space—an ideal strategy when temporal spillovers loom large, interdependence among parcels is low, most value is produced within the four corners of the property, and cross-boundary externalities come in forms that governance strategies can readily …

Redundant Public-Private Enforcement, Zachary D. Clopton

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Redundancy is a four-letter word. According to courts and scholars, redundant litigation is costly, unfair, and confounding. Modern civil procedure has a (nearly) maximalist preference for centralization, and various rules seek to limit duplicative suits within and across court systems. This seemingly dominant view stands in marked contrast to the reality of the modern regulatory state. Redundant public-private enforcement, in which public and private actors have overlapping authority to enforce the law, is ubiquitous. Redundant enforcement also is noticeably underrepresented in the substantial literature on private and public enforcement, which typically treats government agencies and private attorneys general as substitutes …

What Legal Authority Does The Fed Need During A Financial Crisis?, Eric A. Posner

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

The financial crisis of 2007-2008 exposed gaps in the law that authorizes federal agencies to provide emergency liquidity support. This essay describes the ways in which legal constraints hampered response to the crisis, proposes reforms that would make possible a unified and strong response, and criticizes the Dodd-Frank Act for weakening, rather than strengthening, the crisis-response agencies.

Sinking Costs To Force Or Deter Settlement, William H. J. Hubbard

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

This paper develops a simple but general model of suit and settlement given symmetric information. Plaintiffs and defendants can choose when and to what extent they sink litigation costs through the use of retainers and detailed pleading. I demonstrate sharp asymmetries in the ability of plaintiffs and defendants to use sunk costs strategically to obtain or deter nuisance-value settlements. The model accounts for the roles of the merits, litigation costs, and bargaining power; incorporates complaints and answers for which parties’ investments in pleading detail are endogenously determined; permits strategic default by the defendant; and nests several existing models of NEV …

Annual Report Of The Town Of Albany, New Hampshire For The Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2025, Albany Town Representatives

Albany, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Land Use And Land Cover Simulation Via Integrated Modelling With Gis Techniques For Sustainable Land Utilization Development In The Northeast Khong Subwatershed Of Thailand, ฺBanchongsak Faksomboon, Thipphaphone Keoviyavong

Applied Environmental Research

Land utilization is an important indicator of socioeconomic and environmental changes caused by both natural and man-made factors. Land use and land cover (LULC) simulation is a critical tool for monitoring and predicting LULC and is essential for sustainable development, land resource management and planning. The cellular automata (CA) Markov model is the basis for the current study’s prediction of LULC changes in the Northeast Khong Sub Watershed (NKSW). Landsat data from 2013 to 2023 were used to investigate LULC classification and determine the spatiotemporal distributions of LULC. In addition, LULC data from 2013 and 2023 were used to generate …

Reduction Of Cr(Vi) With Infrared Light And Chemical Adsorption Of Cr(Iii) By A God-Crown/Bentonite Composite For Electroplating Waste Remediation, Andre Taufik Kurniawan, Muhammad Djoni Bustan, Sri Haryati

Applied Environmental Research

Heavy metal pollution, particularly chromium (Cr) from electroplating industrial waste, has severely threatened environmental quality and human health. This study aims to develop a composite adsorbent material based on bentonite and god crown biomass capable of removing chromium ions from liquid waste through a combination of reduction and adsorption mechanisms. The god crown/bentonite (GC/Bt) composite was synthesized at a mass ratio of 2:1 and calcined at 900°C. FTIR characterization revealed active functional groups (–OH, C=O, Si–O, and Al–O–Si), whereas BET analysis revealed a mesoporous structure (surface area 31.12 m2 g-1, pore diameter 4.37 nm) suitable for ion diffusion. The reduction …

Trauma, Memory, And Familial Dynamics In Octavia Butler’S Kindred, Itzel Campos

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Pension System And Corruption In Sub-Saharan Africa, Folake O. Alomilagba

Research Papers

This paper examines the relationship between corruption and pension coverage across Sub-Saharan Africa, where extending old-age income security remains a pressing developmental challenge. Using an unbalanced panel of 42 countries over 2000–2024, drawn from the Worldwide Governance Indicators, World Development Indicators, the International Labor Organization, and the World Bank's ASPIRE database, the study estimates the effect of the control of corruption on the share of the elderly receiving a pension. Pooled OLS, random effects, and two-way fixed effects estimators distinguish cross-country from within-country variation. Control of corruption is positively and significantly associated with coverage across cross-sectional specifications, with effects of …

A Quantum Algorithm For Multidimensional Partial Differential Equations With Practical Case Studies, Manu Chaudhary, Kareem El-Araby, Devon Bontrager, Alvir Nobel, Shima Mohaghegh, Kieran Egan, Mainish Singh, Trey Campbell, Jacob Spry, Luis Aviles, Naveed Mahmud, Pranav Reddy, Pruthviraj Sadhankar, Shivansh Shrivas, Esam El-Araby

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a central role in scientific and engineering analysis, with applications spanning fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and financial modeling, where they are used to describe diffusion processes, wave propagation, and the evolution of complex systems over space and time. Solving multidimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is a computationally challenging problem, even for the most advanced classical systems. Over the past decade, quantum computing has attracted significant interest as a potential approach for solving complex computational problems, including multidimensional PDEs. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed for solving PDEs, most …

Json-Ld 1.2 And Beyond: Extensions For Machine Learning Data Exchange, Muntaser Syed, Marius Silaghi, Sheikh Abujar, Rwaida Alssadi, Sharun Akter Khushbu

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

JSON-LD has become the dominant format for structured data on the web, underpinning schema.org markup, Verifiable Credentials, and knowledge graph serialization. However, the rapid integration of machine learning into data pipelines exposes critical limitations: JSON-LD lacks native mechanisms to express prediction confidence, model provenance, temporal validity, or vector embeddings—metadata essential for trustworthy AI-to-AI and AI-to-human data exchange. Additionally, context injection attacks and unbounded recursion vulnerabilities pose security risks in production deployments. This paper presents a systematic gap analysis of JSON-LD 1.1 against the requirements of modern AI systems, identifying 12 limitation categories spanning security vulnerabilities, performance bottlenecks, validation deficiencies, and …

Trained To Reach Immigrants, Denis Kaiser

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Reversing Progress: The Political And Legal Ramifications Of The 2025 Dei Policy Rollback, Bridgette Baldwin

Faculty Scholarship

The year 2025 will mark a significant turning point in the landscape of American civil rights policy, as federal executive orders the Trump administration initiated seek to dismantle longstanding diversity, equity, and inclusion ("DEI") initiatives. Rooted in a historical context of civil rights progress, these orders aim to curtail affirmative action programs, eliminate DEI mandates within federal agencies and contractors, and challenge the legal foundations of inclusive policies across the country. This Article explores the evolving landscape of civil rights and DEI in the United States, examining its historical roots, recent legal and political developments, and ongoing challenges. From landmark …

Making Sovereigns Pay, Daniel Mandell

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

International law needs more teeth. This conclusion has been made painfully clear over the last four years as Russia has continued its war against Ukraine. Despite the fact that Russia’s actions blatantly violate international law’s prohibition on the use of force, and may violate additional provisions of the law of armed conflict, neither the International Court of Justice nor the international community have been able to end Russia’s assault through the non-military coercive measures allowed under international law. The international community has thus been placed in a Catch-22: either stand-by while international law is violated, or violate international law themselves …

Defining The Field Of Law And Macroeconomics: A Framework From International Monetary Law, Nikita Aggarwal, Adam Feibelman

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

This Article proposes an analytical framework for defining the contours of the emerging field of law and macroeconomics drawing on the International Monetary Fund’s principle of “macro-criticality.” Such a framework can help steer scholarly debate toward a clearer understanding of the relationship between law and the economy and inform policymaking within that domain. In its native context, the macro-criticality principle limits the IMF’s jurisdiction to policy areas that are critical for member countries’ domestic and external stability. The IMF’s approach distinguishes between a core set of macrocritical policies and other non-core policies that are contextually macrocritical. Over time, the IMF …

The Art Of The Steal: Remedying The Looting Of Cultural Property Under International Law, Madeleine L. Sharp

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

The practice of looting has existed almost as long as art itself. Although international law has bolstered its protections for art and cultural property in the context of armed conflict, significant enforcement issues remain.

The current framework for prosecuting the crime of looting does not adequately deter the practice, especially in instances that are unrelated to periods of armed conflict. Although pillage is treated as a war crime, all cases of looting—not just those that occur during war— should be viewed as a serious crime that threatens all nations. This Article proposes that universal jurisdiction be extended to the act …

Jewels From The Deep: The Common Heritage Of Humankind Principle In Sea And Space, Mlada Simper

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

No abstract provided.

The Patriarchal Project Of Apartheid: Exploring The Gendered Dimensions Of Apartheid And International Justice Pathways Forward, Akila Radhakrishnan, Alyssa T. Yamamoto

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

Although the South African apartheid regime was first and foremost a race-based project, it was also a gendered project. The regime’s dystopian vision to entrench the systematic oppression of non-white people, particularly black people, was rooted in an ideological commitment not just to white supremacy, but to white male supremacy. This paper unpacks the gendered experiences of apartheid and outlines potential avenues to facilitate a more intersectional approach to justice and accountability efforts. Part I traces the patriarchal vision underpinning the South African apartheid regime—and the distinctly gendered dimensions of apartheid’s operationalization and legacy. Adopting a comparative approach, Part II …

Adopting The Eu's Co-Regulation Approach To Artificial Intelligence In The U.S., Emily Seitz

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

No abstract provided.

Fluorescent Protein Imaging Approaches Uncover Dynamic Subcellular Distribution Of Core Clock Proteins In Neurospora Crassa, Ziyan Wang

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Circadian clocks are endogenous self-sustained timekeeping systems that allow organisms to anticipate and adapt to daily environmental cycles. Found in diverse forms of life, these molecular clocks regulate the expression of ~ 40% of the genome in animals, fungi, and plants. In animals and fungi, circadian oscillators are built on transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs), in which positive regulators drive the expression of negative regulators which, once synthesized and imported into the nucleus, inhibit their own activators. This precisely regulated negative feedback incorporates multiple steps of delays that are essential for generating ~24-hour rhythms. Through these mechanisms, circadian clocks temporally coordinate …

Building Value And Maintaining Engagement In State-Level Professional Associations, Steve A. Stuglin, Paul R. Raptis

Iowa Journal of Communication

Engagement with international, national, regional, and state professional associations provides invaluable experiences for scholars at any level, and many scholars maintain several memberships throughout their careers. Each level of association offers different things to members, though, and not every association should be trying to fill the same role or to meet every need. Those interested in the future for a state association should identify what role that association fills, what it can provide, and for which audiences. State associations are best positioned to offer a high-value and low-barrier means of engagement, targeting students and junior professionals for membership and participation. …

Back Matter - Call For Submissions

Iowa Journal of Communication

No abstract provided.

Fool's Spring, Robin Kraft

SOUND Literary Reading Series

No abstract provided.

Beyond Bathrooms: The Far-Reaching Consequences Of Denying Gender Identity In Adams V. School Board Of St. Johns County, Jeffrey Sun, Regina Umpstead Pratel

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

INTRODUCTION: The transgender community continues to face discrimination in United States society, and legal protections are unlikely to change anytime soon. Understanding the broader context of these challenges helps explain why some instances of discrimination in public schools may be overlooked or even supported by public officials. An examination of recent judicial rulings concerning transgender students’ access to restrooms corresponding with their gender identity—situated within the broader convergence of national legal and social developments—provides critical insight into the structural barriers faced by transgender students within the educational system and transgender individuals in society at large. Significantly, the growing visibility of …

Addressing Geoai Governance: An Automated Gatekeeper For Building Outlines In Openstreetmap, Lasith Niroshan, James D. Carswell

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI) enables the automated generation of built environment map features, such as building outlines/footprints, on a global scale. However, the integration of these AI-generated datasets into Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) platforms like OpenStreetMap (OSM) risks incorporating ‘AI slop’, consisting of geometrically inconsistent/unreliable data, into the online map. While the OSM “Code of Conduct for Automated Edits” provides a policy framework for data ingestion, it lacks a machine-enforceable mechanism for real-time quality gating. This paper proposes a GeoAI-Gatekeeper to perform this task—an automated process that applies empirical Acceptable Quality Thresholds (AQT) to address the GeoAI data governance problem. …

Mindful Pedagogy As A Contemporary Pedagogical Approach In Applied Learning: Conceptual Foundations And Early Insights From Higher Education, Annette Sweeney, Jolanta Burke

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Mindful pedagogy employing mindful practices for learning shows promise as a modern teaching strategy for Applied Learning (AL) in higher education. This qualitative study investigated the feasibility of this strategy, exploring the logic model of a culinary arts module, The Mindful Kitchen Health and Wellbeing for Chefs to describe initial insights from the AL pathways that are shaped by a mindful pedagogical approach. Data analysis of a graduate focus group (n = 6) a co-educator-designer interview and the researcher’s co-educator-designer reflection revealed three emerging themes: mindful pedagogy positively reframed the learning environment for students and educators; uniquely, it empowered creativity …

General Music Methods’ Effect On Sel Development: A Review Of Literature, Tessa M. Hansen

Graduate Research Papers

In an increasingly digital world, the demand for social-emotional learning (SEL) in the classroom has become a priority for holistic student development. While music education is often cited as a tool for emotional growth, there is a lack of synthesized research examining how specific, established music pedagogies facilitate these competencies. This literature review investigates the intersection of five foundational music methods–Orff-Schulwerk, Kodály, Suzuki, Dalcroze, and Gordon’s Music Learning Theory (MLT) – and their impact on the five core SEL competencies: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making.

Findings indicate that the Orff-Schulwerk and Kodály methods provide robust frameworks …