Impact Of Dialysis On Medication Pharmacokinetics, Rachel Marie Bounds

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project was a staff education initiative to improve nurses’ knowledge and comfort with dialysis-specific medication management. The project addressed a practice gap in which nurses at the clinical site had limited knowledge of medication administration for patients with end-stage renal disease. These patients have altered pharmacokinetics and high medication burden, which increases the risk of adverse drug events. Inappropriate management of medications during dialysis can lead to hypotension, ineffective treatment, and glucose instability, making this a critical nursing practice issue. The project answered the practice-focused question of whether a structured educational intervention would improve nurses’ knowledge and comfort …

Psychological Experiences Of Law Enforcement Officers Responding To Critical Incidents Alone And With A Partner, Lydia Abernethy

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The role of law enforcement officers is to restore peace and safety when chaos occurs, which can be life-threatening and stressful as officers respond to the critical incidents unfolding. For this study, a qualitative approach and phenomenological framework were utilized to gain insight into the first-hand psychological experiences of officers responding to critical incidents. Police officers work in demanding environments that can lead to mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Peer support and communication among coworkers have emerged as a potentially important factor, as officers would share traumatic events with other officers. Therefore, my research focused …

Tennessee Local Development Authority, December 2026, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury.

Financial and Compliance Audit Reports

No abstract provided.

Tennessee State School Bond Authority, December 2026, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury.

Financial and Compliance Audit Reports

No abstract provided.

Reference-Guided Generative Augmentation Of Low-Quality Images, Ilia Labzovsky, Danny Karmon

Defensive Publications Series

Many photo archives, e.g., personal photo libraries, suffer from poor quality due to factors such as capture with older, low-resolution cameras, motion blur, etc. Such images, while possibly holding significant sentimental value, are visually unsatisfying and unsuitable for printing or for high-resolution display. This disclosure describes techniques that generatively fill in contextually accurate detail in a low-quality image. Multimodal analysis of the image is performed to detect key regions of interest (faces, objects, etc.) that are low quality (blurred, pixelated, etc.). These regions are used to retrieve relevant, high-fidelity reference images from personal and global data corpora. The resulting multimodal …

Smart Recurring Payment Auditor For Bait-And-Switch Mitigation, Prajna Shetty, Alok Roy

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to the field of digital payment security, in particular to a system and method for mitigating bait-and-switch practices in recurring digital payment systems. The smart recurring payment auditor disclosed herein operates at a network layer of the payment infrastructure. The smart recurring payment auditor employs a multi-modal deep learning ensemble, advanced bitmapped feature encoding and temporal pattern synthesis to analyse recurring payment behaviour. Further, the smart recurring payment auditor integrates global merchant telemetry, user behavioural feedback, and descriptor intelligence to detect and score deceptive recurring billing schemes. Furthermore, upon identification of a suspicious pattern, the smart …

System And Method For Distributed Ai Model Processing Using Commodity Graphic Accelerators With Intelligent Workload Orchestration, Shreyas Kc, Yu Gu

Defensive Publications Series

This present disclosure relates to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular to a system and method for distributed AI model processing using commodity graphic accelerators with intelligent workload orchestration. A system and method are provided for registering and utilizing commodity hardware equipped with graphic accelerators for distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) model inference in both batch and real-time processing environments. The system comprises a hardware registration module for onboarding GPUs and other graphic accelerators, an AI model registration module for cataloguing models and their specifications, and an AI-based orchestration agent that analyses model characteristics, including complexity, data volume, feature …

Replay Time Based Cleanup Cache, R V Vighnesh

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to the field of data processing, in particular to a time-based cleanup cache for optimizing deduplication in transaction processing systems. The cache organizes deduplication entries based on transaction dates and maintains only a minimal composite key required for unique identification, thereby improving both memory utilization and operational efficiency. The cache employs a deterministic cleanup process, wherein expired entries are automatically removed at predefined intervals, ensuring consistent performance and scalability under varying traffic conditions. Further, the cache is integrated into existing statestore workflows for replay validation and includes configurable capacity constraints, thereby enhancing service reliability, reducing infrastructure …

Fine Tuning Context Window For Optimal Utilization In Generative Models, Shivam Mohan, Sudharshan Krishnakumar Gaddam

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to a method and a system for fine-tuning a context window for optimal utilization in generative models. The present disclosure suggests receiving an input prompt comprising a plurality of tokens and generating a baseline output based on the input prompt. Upon generating the baseline output, the present disclosure suggests evaluating at least one token of the plurality of tokens for contribution to the generated output. Subsequently, the present disclosure suggests computing rarity scores and possibility scores associated with the evaluated tokens by using a rarity matrix model and a possibility matrix model. Further, the present disclosure …

The Phyrfly Opus: A Unified Standard For Hyperdimensional Time Vectors, Spectrally Isolated Coordination, Neural Hierarchies, And Distributed Proprioception, Steven Kirkland

Defensive Publications Series

This monograph establishes 264 prior art claims for a decentralized, connectionless timing and positioning architecture comprising the UTLP, RFIP, and SMSP protocol triad. It formalizes the PHYRFLY nomenclature to distinguish low-level, hardware-scheduled Physical-Layer synchronization primitives from higher-level application orchestration. The core novelty centers on a Vector Time Representation, encoding temporal state as 8 phase values (ticks modulo coprime integers 211–251) transmitted in 8 bytes, then expanded locally into ~10,000-dimensional hyperdimensional chord vectors for similarity computation and drift estimation. This cyclic encoding enables automatic phase-lock convergence within 5–10 beacon exchanges regardless of initial offset, with the Chinese Remainder Theorem guaranteeing unique …

(((Qpie))) Prior Art Declaration 5 Of 9 Resonanceos & Omega Protocols – From Theory To Empirical Substrate Truth, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

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The Grand Unified Theory (QPIE)

Perspective Is Everything – What we are Believing, Expecting and Feeling in Life Matters

(((QPiE))) Prior Art Declaration 5 of 9

RESONANCEOS & OMEGA Protocols – From Theory to Empirical Substrate Truth

[CGT] THE GLOBAL INFUSION: DECOUPLING FROM THE BINARY FRAME

Document: Public Substrate Sovereignty

Posture: 1.157 Unified Sovereign | Logic: NSRF (Non-Local Substrate Resonance Field)

Canon: (((QPIE))) TD Commons / Grace Particle Empirical Series

Hash: 0x143_GLOBAL_GRACE_INFUSION_2026

This report details the mechanics of …

(((Qpie))) Prior Art Declaration 7 Of 9 Cosmology And The Collapse Of Binary Paradigms, Teddy Burroughs

Defensive Publications Series

The Grand Unified Theory (QPIE)

Perspective Is Everything – What we are Believing, Expecting and Feeling in Life Matters

(((QPiE))) Prior Art Declaration 7 of 9 Cosmology and the Collapse of Binary Paradigms

Why the Substrate Selects Against Competition, Dominance, Division, and Hierarchy (Misalignment)

1. THE PROBLEM: HUMANITY STILL THINKS IN TWO DIMENSIONS WHILE THE SUBSTRATE OPERATES IN MANY (3 at Minimum)

Human civilization—religions, political systems, economic models, identity structures—still behaves as though existence is organized around:

• winners and losers
• insiders and outsiders
• chosen versus damned
• hierarchy versus inferiority
• success versus failure
• truth versus falsity
• self versus other
• matter versus …

Beyond The Classroom: Physiological Stress Of Academic Travel, Whitley J. Stone, Paula Upright, Stacey Forsythe

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long-distance travel is often celebrated as an opportunity for growth, but its physiological and cognitive consequences are rarely addressed in academic contexts. PURPOSE: This study investigated the physiological and cognitive effects of long-distance travel on university students journeying from the Southeastern U.S. to Hawaii. METHODS: Using a repeated measures design, participants were assessed at baseline (pre-travel) and across the first four days on island (post-travel). RESULTS: Results from a repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant disruptions in cardiovascular and stress markers. Average daily heart rate increased markedly across the trip (F(4,56)=12.96, pn=38 participants for CRF, n=71 for PSS, n=124 …

A Multi-Stage Pilot Study To Develop Procedures To Examine Diversity, Equity & Inclusivity (Dei) Statements Within Kinesiology Journal Submission Guidelines, Vivianne Felker, Zoe Howard, Jafra D. Thomas, Shannon R. Siegel, Shiina Tsuchiya, Jorge Portillo, Deanna Jun, Alexis V. Willing, Jill M. Maples, James W. Navalta, Matthew J. Garver, Joel D. Reece, Dustin W. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While diversity, equity, and inclusivity (DEI) principles support ethically responsible, cost-effective, evidence-supported health promotion and performance interventions, they are rarely addressed within published biomedical/behavioral science research, including in kinesiology. PURPOSE: Because journal submission guidelines could increase integration of DEI principles’ application, we sought to develop a valid and reliable procedure to quantify DEI statements within kinesiology-related journal submission guidelines. METHODS: The pilot study was conducted between 2023 and 2025. Faculty investigators developed a codebook with good content validity (100% consensus achieved), then the primary faculty investigators produced a written protocol and coding form to standardize the coding process. …

Effects Of Acute And Multi-Day Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Power And Velocity Of Ncaa Division I Baseball Players, Justin M. Foster, Raymond T. Gerardo, Sydney N. Brennan, Trevor J. Molnar, Ryan Tran, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dietary nitrate supplementation can enhance power via modulating type II muscle fiber contractility; however, no study has examined the ergogenic potential of nitrate in elite level power-based athletes that heavily rely on type II muscle fiber activation such as baseball players. Moreover, there are no nitrate dosing guidelines available for elite level athletes. PURPOSE: To investigate if acute and multi-day nitrate supplementation influences power and velocity during barbell back squat and barbell bench press in elite level baseball players. METHODS: Eighteen male collegiate baseball athletes (NCAA Division I) reported to the laboratory for 6 visits over ~8 weeks, and were …

Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate On Gastrointestinal Injury During Repeated Sprints In The Heat, Ozan Kumbasar, Jonathan W. Specht, Marissa Ramirez, Jennifer Raef, Mackenzie Schwartz, Alyssa R. Bailly, Oscar Chavez Jr., Jade X. Dawson, Jessica Apodaca, Raul Freire, Withley C. Atkins, Flávio De Castro Magalhães, Jason Siegler, Fabiano T. Amorim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is a widely used supplement that can enhance repeat sprint performance; however, a common side effect is gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Exercise in the heat can cause intestinal injury and endotoxemia, but no study has examined whether SB heightens this injury. PURPOSE: To determine whether SB ingestion exacerbates intestinal discomfort, injury, and endotoxemia during repeated sprints in the heat. METHODS: Ten endurance-trained athletes (6 male) completed randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind trials in which they ingested capsules containing SB (0.2 g·kg⁻¹ body mass) or placebo following a high-carbohydrate meal. The trials consisted of a 22-min warm-up followed by …

Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Worsens Resistance Exercise Performance In Resistance-Trained Females, Sydney N. Brennan, Raymond T. Gerardo, Trevor J. Molnar, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dietary nitrate supplementation appears to preferentially target type II muscle fibers for beneficial effects; however, research examining the efficacy of nitrate in females and resistance exercise is scarce. PURPOSE: To investigate if dietary nitrate, provided as concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), improved resistance exercise performance in back squat and bench press compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL) in resistance-trained females. METHODS: Eighteen resistance-trained females aged reported to the lab for a total of four visits over a 2-week period. Participants performed a one repetition maximum protocol (1RM) and familiarization to the experimental protocol, and were assigned in a randomized, double-blind …

Acute And Chronic Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Resistance Exercise Performance In Healthy Resistance-Trained Adults., Trevor J. Molnar, Sydney N. Brennan, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Raymond T. Gerardo, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation for enhancing resistance exercise remains unclear, and nitrate dosing guidelines are relatively unexplored. PURPOSE: To determine whether acute and chronic dietary nitrate supplementation, provided in the form of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), can improve resistance exercise performance in resistance-trained males. METHODS: Thirty-six resistance-trained males and females will be recruited. Participants will complete a standardized one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in barbell back squat and barbell bench press and a familiarization prior to experimental visits. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, fashion, participants will complete two conditions of 14-day supplementation periods to consume: (1) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice …

Muscle Damage Across Menstrual Cycle Phase, Jeromea "Jiji" Pollock Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Muscle Damage Across Menstrual Cycle Phase (MuDAM) study examined estrogen’s critical role in muscle recovery after muscle damage to the knee flexors. Knee flexor strength plays a critical role as antagonist muscles to provide stability to the knee joint during the deceleration phase of sprinting, particularly during change of direction movements. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify the rate of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), pain, and performance during Phase 1 (low levels of estrogen and low levels of progesterone); Phase 2 (peak levels of estrogen and low levels of progesterone); and Phase 4 (peak levels …

Anticipation Effects On Landing Error Scoring System Performance: Highlighting The Influence Of Athletic Status And Sex, Heather E. Hinton, Melanie D. Hernandez, Warren O. Forbes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Removing the element of anticipation has previously shown to lead to worse performance on the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) field test. It is unknown if sex or athletic status contributes to this phenomenon. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sex and athletic status on LESS performance with and without the element of anticipation. METHODS: Twenty-six participants performed five anticipated and five unanticipated trials of the LESS. For the anticipated LESS trials, participants were given specific instructions to perform a drop jump task, similar to the standard LESS assessment. Unanticipated LESS trials consisted of …

Effect Of Load Carriage On Grf, Lower Body Biomechanics, And Physiology, Oakley Slade, Megan Astle, Stetson Mcclellan, Brad Theel, Dallan Bye, Tyler Standifird, Shane Draper

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rucking has gained in popularity over the past several years due to accessibility, affordability, functionality, and wide-ranging health benefits. Despite its popularity, there are several unknown biomechanical and physiological areas that remain underexplored. PURPOSE: Investigate the effects varying loads and inclines have on biomechanical and physiological factors. METHODS: Fifteen recreationally active individuals were randomly assigned to six different conditions on the treadmill. Treadmill conditions consisted of being unweighted or wearing a weighted pack while walking 1.5 m/s inclined (4.5 degrees), declined (-4.5), or flat. The weight of the ruck was relative to the participant's mass and heart rate (HR) in …

Stair Stepping And Peripheral Heating With Negative Pressure Improve Postprandial Glucose In Sleep Restricted Young Adults, Sabrina S. Stringfellow, Rachel Demonteverde, Jeff Moore, Jochen Kressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sleep restriction (SR) impairs glycemic control, elevating the postprandial blood glucose (BG) response, an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. Stair stepping and peripheral heating with negative pressure have been shown to acutely improve glycemic indices but have not been tested after SR. PURPOSE: To examine if stair stepping or peripheral heating with negative pressure improve postprandial BG after SR. We hypothesized 1-minute of brief, low-effort stair stepping and 60 min peripheral heating with negative pressure would improve postprandial glucose in sleep restricted (≤4 hours) young adults. METHODS: Participants (N=24; 22 (2) y; 13 female; 23.8 (5) kg/m2) performed a …

Isolation Of Mitochondrial Dna To Investigate Mitochondrial Genome Turnover In Skeletal Muscle, Kathryn Spry, Morgan Daniel, Clover D. Crenshaw, Robert Musci

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The quality of mitochondrial function is an essential part of cellular health. However, mutations occur within the cell during the metabolic processes of replication, repair, respiration and turnover. A build up of these mutations can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn leads to cell, tissue and eventually organismal dysfunction. Disease such as sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease are prime examples of the results of this process. Thus, better understanding mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) turnover rates could contribute to a decreased risk of disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to 1) outline a procedure to isolate pure mtDNA from frozen …

The Physiological Responses To Cold-Water Immersion And Subsequent Rest Or Exercise, Yezica Ramirez, Aqueen Lenon, Shuto Tanaka, Matthew M. Minor, Ronnie Gonzalez, Ivan Farias-Martinez, Raffi Brodeyan, George H. Crocker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cold-water immersion (CWI) has increased in popularity – both as a recovery intervention after exercise and for possible chronic health benefits. In addition, a single CWI session evokes physiological responses that can be powerful tools to demonstrate core concepts of cardiorespiratory physiology. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the physiological responses to CWI and either light exercise or rest immediately afterwards. METHODS: Eight participants (29.4 ± 8.2 years old) were recruited from a graduate-level kinesiology course and paired based on sex (six men & two women) and body size (72.9 ± 11.2 kg). All participants …

Heart Rate Alterations In An Elite Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Player Throughout Doubles Tournament Play, Tia Papapietro, Cesar A. Ojeda, Dillon R. Harris, Zach R. Mcfadden, Steven B. Machek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Few data exist on Super Smash Bros Ultimate (SSBU) as a prominent competitive title in the growing Esports industry. Skilled players exhibit distinct cognitive skills that are possibly associated with aerobic capacity, but no data thus far have examined the influence of team-based play in this predominantly solo game. PURPOSE: to examine how SSBU doubles format tournament play affects heart rate in an elite Esports athlete. METHODS: An internationally top 150-ranked male SSBU player (25y) volunteered for the present case study throughout his participation in a double-elimination tournament bracket. After screening and baseline assessments, the subject was continuously monitored to …

Pilot Study: Impact Of Full-Body Muscle Contractions On Glucose Regulation By Activity Level, Charles Reyes, Erica Quillen, Christian Gonzalez, Rana Soussan, Janet Dionicio, Gabriela Oritz, Jermey Lohmann, Celeste Perez, Riley Garrett, Sebastian Castillo, Nathan Berio, Christian Ho, Anthony Pena, Anne Yang, Minhyuk Kwon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Muscle contractions help regulate blood glucose by promoting uptake in the muscle cells. However, modern sedentary (low activity level) lifestyles significantly reduce opportunities for muscle contractions. PURPOSE: This study examined whether brief full-body muscle contractions could effectively alter glucose regulation with responses differing by activity level. METHODS: Three High-Active individuals (HA; 3100 ± 1002 MET-minute/week, 24 ± 5.7 years, 1 woman) and 3 Low-Active individuals (LA;129 ± 152 MET-minute/week, 19 ± 1.4 years, 1 woman) performed randomized and counterbalanced tasks involving brief full-body muscle contraction and non-contraction tasks. The contraction task consisted of 3 sets of 15s fully-body …

Relationships Between The Body Roundness Index, Bmi, And Waist Circumference With Visceral Adiposity As Assessed By The Inbody 770, Terrell Lee, Reed Muir, Elsie Call, Cole Affleck, Conner Harris, Abigail Larson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with metabolic disease risk; however, commonly used anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and percentage of body fat (%BF), may not accurately estimate VAT. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) is an anthropometric index that combines height and WC and relies on geometry and other statistically generated nonlinear models with the intent of estimating VAT. PURPOSE: As such, this study aimed to determine if the BRI is more highly correlated with VAT compared to BMI, WC, or %BF. METHODS: Height, weight, BMI, %BF, and visceral fat area …

Susceptibility To Eccentric Contractions-Induced Locomotor Muscle Injury In Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice, David Tran, Leonardo Nogueira

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Chronic exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke (CS) leads to pulmonary damage, inflammation, exercise intolerance, and skeletal muscle contractile and repair dysfunction, as our group has shown that CS exposure also delays muscle repair after eccentric contractions. This study investigated whether chronic CS exposure increases the susceptibility of locomotor muscles to injury from a session of eccentric contractions, as previous studies have shown that smokers have a greater risk of muscle injuries. Methods: Young adult (8 weeks old) wild-type mice (C57BL/6J, IACUC 25-071, n=24) were exposed to daily periods of CS or air (as controls) for eight consecutive weeks. After the …

The Impact Of Trekking Poles On Subjective Measures Of Exertion, Enjoyment, And Fatigue During Outdoor Hiking In Healthy Adults, Katie Erkelens, Josie Gines, Bethany Hoag, Kavon Mcarthur, Marcus Lawrence, Julie Taylor

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hiking is a popular physical activity that many people participate in regardless of skill level. Trekking poles have been used to improve stability and balance over difficult terrain. They add an additional point of contact with the ground, and have been believed to make the hike more comfortable, enjoyable, and requiring less effort. PURPOSE: To determine if the use of trekking poles while hiking impacts subjective measures of exertion, enjoyment, and fatigue. METHODS: 11 recreationally active adults (n=6 males, n=5 females, aged 20-39 yrs) completed three hikes, one with each pole condition (no trekking poles, 1 pole, or 2 poles) …

Face And Content Validation Analysis Of The Professional Pain Preparation Questionnaire For Use In Physical Therapist Education, Rodiel Kirby Baloy Ii

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction Physical therapy educational preparation for the management of individuals in pain may be determined based on the themes of: (1) level of academic preparation, (2) educational hours spent in studying pain, including additional postgraduate training and certification, and (3) clinical experience. This study assessed the face and content validity of a tool, the Professional Pain Preparation Questionnaire (PPP-Q) to assess pain expert perception as to the value and relevance of each of the identified domains. Methods 12 respondents were recruited for face validity, and 5 experts were recruited for content validity. Descriptive statistics, specifically frequency and percentage were used …