The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review,
2019
Department of Water Supply and Irrigation Engineering, Water Institute, P. O. Box 35059, Dares Salaam
The Potentials Of Faecal Sludge Treatment Using Local Conditioners In Tanzania: A Review, Doglas Benjamin1
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Worldwide, every day human beings generate millions of tons of Faecal Sludge (FS), which is rich in water, nutrients, energy, and organic compounds. Yet FS is not being managed in a way that permits us to derive value from its reuse, while at the same time, millions of farmers struggle with depleted soils and lack of water. In most of the developing countries, energy for cooking is mainly derived from cutting of trees, either as wood or charcoal. Resource recovery and reuse from FS can create livelihoods, enhance food security, support green economies, reduce waste and contribute to cost recovery …
Morphology Controlled Preparations And Electrochemical Properties Of Znco2O4 Electrode Materials For Supercapacitors,
2019
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China;
Morphology Controlled Preparations And Electrochemical Properties Of Znco2O4 Electrode Materials For Supercapacitors, Yue-Shen Zhou, Meng Li, Shuang Wu, Zhao-Lei Li, Yan-Min Gao
Journal of Electrochemistry
In this work, hydrothermal reaction and high temperature were used to grow ZnCo2O4 active materials on Ni foam. The crystal stuctures and surface morphlogies of four samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performances were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on an electrochemical station. It can be seen that active materials tended to form denser stuctures with an increasing amount of NH4F in the solution system and four different morphologies of ZnCo2 …
Polyaniline Coated Hollow Sulfur Prepared Using Sublimate 2,4,6-Tri(Propan-2-Yl)-1,3,5-Trioxane As Template For Sulfur Electrode,
2019
Shanghai institute of space power-sources, Shanghai 200245, China;
Polyaniline Coated Hollow Sulfur Prepared Using Sublimate 2,4,6-Tri(Propan-2-Yl)-1,3,5-Trioxane As Template For Sulfur Electrode, Zhang-Feng Li, Xiao-Rui Wang, Wen-Sheng Tian, Jin-Ze Yang, Ping Zhang, Li-Ping Ma, Yang Chen, Xiao-Li Cui, Zhi-Yu Jiang
Journal of Electrochemistry
An advance method for preparing polyaniline-coated hollow sulfur material using sublimate material ADD(2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-trioxane) as a template was developed for lithium-sulfur battery. At first, the smashed ADD particles were coated by a sulfur layer through the reaction of Na2S2O3 with diluted HCl. Then polyaniline layer was coated again on the surface of sulfur layer through the reaction of aniline with (NH4)2S2O8. After being dried at 60 oC for 12 h, the ADD in such a composite evaporated totally, and resulted in the formation of polyaniline-coated hollow sulfur …
Transient Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study In Electrochemical Reduction Of P-Nitrothiophenol,
2019
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, Fujian, China;Key laboratory for analytical science of food safety and biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China;
Transient Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study In Electrochemical Reduction Of P-Nitrothiophenol, Yun Ling, Jing Tang, Guo-Kun Liu, Cheng Zong
Journal of Electrochemistry
P-nitrothiophenol (PNTP) is one of the most common probe molecules studied by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The research in electrochemical reduction behavior of PNTP will help understanding the mechanism for the nitrobenzene reduction. In this paper, we used transient electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TEC-SERS) to study the SERS of PNTP with cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on gold electrodes. The results show that the TEC-SERS provide a time resolution that equals the transient electrochemical methods, and we concluded that the reaction was so quick that we did not observe the spectral information of intermediate species described in the literatures with a …
Zif-67-Derived Ag/Co-Embedded N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon For Oxygen Reduction Reaction,
2019
College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China;Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials for Environment, Tangshan 063009, PR China;
Zif-67-Derived Ag/Co-Embedded N-Enriched Mesoporous Carbon For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Zheng-Ling Di, Jing Zhu, Lei Dai, Wei Meng, Yue-Hua Li, Zhang-Xing He, Ling Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials are considered as one of the most promising catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, in order to further improve the activity of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon, Ag/Co bimetal is embedded into nitrogendoped porous carbon to form Ag/Co-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon material (AgCo@NC). The AgCo@NC was derived by the wet impregnation of Ag+ into ZIF-67 precursor, followed by chemical reduction and a subsequent pyrolysis process under Ar atmosphere at different temperatures (500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃). The morphologic characterization shows that the Ag/Co nanoparticles were successfully embedded in the mesoporous carbon framework with abundant nitrogen …
Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis Of Porous Carbons From Rice Husk For Supercapacitors,
2019
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Lab of Coal Clean Conversion and Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
Ionic Liquid Assisted Synthesis Of Porous Carbons From Rice Husk For Supercapacitors, Han-Fang Zhang, Feng Wei, Jian Sun, Meng-Ying Jing, Xiao-Jun He
Journal of Electrochemistry
It is still a challenge to prepare carbon materials with high specific surface area at low cost from renewable resources. Herein, the authors report an efficient approach to synthesize porous carbons (PCs) from rice husk with ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6)) as a template and an activation agent. The as-made PCs featured the high specific surface area up to 1438 m2·g-1. As electrodes for supercapacitors, PCs showed a high specific capacitance of 256 F·g-1 at 0.05 A·g-1 in 6 mol·L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte and a good rate performance of 211 F·g …
Study On Electro-Sorption Of Heavy Metals And Sulfamethoxazole On Activated Carbon Fibers,
2019
School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130000, China;
Study On Electro-Sorption Of Heavy Metals And Sulfamethoxazole On Activated Carbon Fibers, Wen-Jun Zhao, Bing-Xin Jia, Ya-Nan Zhang, Jiu-Nian Guan, Jiao Qu, Ying Lu
Journal of Electrochemistry
To study the optimal removal condition, adsorption mechanism and comparative analysis of the three typical cationic pollutants, i.e., Zn(II), anionic pollutant Cr(VI) and molecular pollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX), using self-made upflowed electro-sorption device for adsorptions of above three pollutants by modified activated carbon fiber were researched. The activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by hydrochloric acid. The ACF morphology and structure before and after modification were characterized by SEM, BET and FTIR. The characterization results show that the modified ACF had fewer surface impurities than the modified surface and the gully is more obvious, the specific surface area was increased by …
Electrochemical Properties Of Sulfur In Different Carbon Support Materials,
2019
Energy & Materials Engineering Centre, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;Tianjin International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, Tianjin 300387, China;
Electrochemical Properties Of Sulfur In Different Carbon Support Materials, Bo Zhang, Jia Liu, Xiao-Chen Liu, De-Jun Li
Journal of Electrochemistry
In order to investigate the effect of carbon structure on electrochemical performance of sulfur/carbon composite in lithium-sulfur battery, in this paper, sublimation sulfur was incorporated into three types of carbon materials, namely, graphene, carbon black and porous carbon. The three sulfur/carbon composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, and their electrochemical performances were also studied. The results showed that the sulfur/porous carbon composite offered an initial discharge capacity of 1623.2 mA·h·g-1 and remained 845 mA·h·g-1 after 100 cycles. Compared with graphene and carbon black, the mesopores and micropores in porous …
Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide,
2019
School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China;
Electrochemical Sensor Based On Magnetic Electrode Modified With Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Immobilized Hemoglobin For Determination Of Hydrogen Peroxide, Yang Yuan, Jia-Xin Wang, Yu-Hua Cao
Journal of Electrochemistry
In this work, the surface-imprinted technique was used to prepare magnetic hemoglobin (Hb) imprinted nanoparticles, using Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs as the carrier, Hb as the template molecule, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the imprinted polymer monomer. The nanoparticles had a core-shell structure, with magnetic Fe3O4 NPs as the core and Hb imprinted polymers as the shell. Therefore, Hb could be concentrated and fixed on the surface of the magnetic imprinted nanoparticles (MMIPs NPs). Furthermore, MMIPs NPs were immobilized with chitosan (CS) on the surface of a magnetic electrode to constitute Hb enzyme-like biosensor …
2019 Fall Engr333 Project Final Report,
2019
Calvin University
2019 Fall Engr333 Project Final Report, Megan Black, Evan Block, Jacob Deysher, Zach Erickson, Peter Atma, John Macy, Paul Steenwyk, Justin Skaggs, Justin Eekhoff, Adam Marquardt, Alan Samdel, Nathan Van Wyhe, Zach Ashenfelter, Brett Ermer, Clayton Lockwood, Ryan Schierbeek, Andrew Zerull, Matthew Buist, Hannah Chilkiewicz, Nathan Hall, Holly Straup, Ivy Chipinda, Andrew Huston, Peter Oh, Tony Vander Ploeg, Josh Hallenbeck, Cameron Ilbrink, Bridget Pertzsch, Lillie Spackman, Zuber Abdella, Michael Merz, Nathan Schuten, Abigail Willson, William Benneh, Marcus Gelder, Steven Vanast, Tyler Johnson, Christopher Pappageorge, Trevor Sando
ENGR 333
Today, many institutions and individuals see energy efficiency as an important issue; reducing energy consumption is thought to decrease demand for fossil fuels and consumes energy more sustainably. However, while more efficient devices can save users both energy and money, they do not always result in less energy use as a society. This discrepancy between expected and actual energy savings is called the rebound effect. This can be a result of several factors: increased use of the device drawing more energy, manufacturers using more energy to create the new device, or money saved by the users being respent in the …
2019 Fall Engr333 Poster,
2019
Calvin University
2019 Fall Engr333 Poster, Megan Black, Evan Block, Jacob Deysher, Zach Erickson, Peter Atma, John Macy, Paul Steenwyk, Justin Skaggs, Justin Eekhoff, Adam Marquardt, Alan Samdel, Nathan Van Wyhe, Zach Ashenfelter, Brett Ermer, Clayton Lockwood, Ryan Schierbeek, Andrew Zerull, Matthew Buist, Hannah Chilkiewicz, Nathan Hall, Holly Straup, Ivy Chipinda, Andrew Huston, Peter Oh, Tony Vander Ploeg, Josh Hallenbeck, Cameron Ilbrink, Bridget Pertzsch, Lillie Spackman, Zuber Abdella, Michael Merz, Nathan Schuten, Abigail Willson, William Benneh, Marcus Gelder, Steven Vanast, Tyler Johnson, Christopher Pappageorge, Trevor Sando
ENGR 333
Energy efficiency can be a worthy goal for institutions and individuals; reducing energy consumption decreases demand for fossil fuels and consumes energy more sustainably. However, more cost-effective devices can lead to behavioral changes that ultimately increase energy consumption, even though the devices themselves are more energy efficient: This called the rebound effect. Rebound occurs when less energy is saved than expected. This can be a result of several factors: increased use of the device drawing more energy, manufacturers using more energy to create the new device, or money saved by the users being re-spent in the economy. The combination of …
Optimal Allocation Of Energy Storage And Wind Generation In Power Distribution Systems,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Optimal Allocation Of Energy Storage And Wind Generation In Power Distribution Systems, Carlos Mendoza
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The advent of energy storage technologies applications for the electric power system gives new tools for planners to cope with the operation challenges that come from the integration of renewable generation in medium voltage networks. This work proposes and implements an optimization model for Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and distributed generation allocation in radial distribution networks. The formulation aims to assist distribution system operators in the task of making decisions on energy storage investment, BESSs' operation, and distributed generation penetration's level to minimize electricity costs. The BESSs are required to participate in energy arbitrage and voltage control. In addition, …
2019 Fall Engr333 Seminar Presentation,
2019
Calvin University
2019 Fall Engr333 Seminar Presentation, Ivy Chipinda, Andrew Huston, Adam Marquardt, Lillie Spackman
ENGR 333
File for student presentation, given by students in the Fall 2019 class of ENGR333.
Load Flow Analysis Of 138/69kv Substation Using Electrical Transient & Analysis Program (Etap),
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Load Flow Analysis Of 138/69kv Substation Using Electrical Transient & Analysis Program (Etap), Vanessa Abadia Gomez
Electrical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper examines the load flow analysis of a high-voltage substation using ETAP, and explores options for improving the voltage profile of the system. This study yields critical information about the system, such as the voltage drop at each feeder, the voltage at each bus, as well as real and reactive power losses at the different branches and feeders. In this power flow examination, the system’s performance is evaluated for different operating conditions, so that control measurements can be applied if necessary. The experimental results are used for proposing a plan of using fixed and switched shunt capacitor banks to …
Pv Mppt Water Pump Controller,
2019
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Pv Mppt Water Pump Controller, Jacob R. Lamkin
Electrical Engineering
The intention of this project is to create a low cost way to extract the maximum useful power from a PV module to power a water pump. This approach will yield maximum financial and technical accessibility for end users. The project was successful in powering a water pump from a PV module as desired, and the microcontroller driven control circuitry was capable of finding and maintaining operation at the maximum power point of the PV module. Due to the low performance of the buck converter used in this project, this approach was not as efficient as desired and would require …
High Frequency Ltcc Based Planar Transformer,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
High Frequency Ltcc Based Planar Transformer, Adithya Venkatanarayanan
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As we move towards high power and higher frequency related technology, conventional wire-wound magnetics have their own limitations which has led path to the development of planar based magnetic materials. Nowadays more planar magnetic technology has been employed because it is easier to fabricate them. The planar magnetic is a transformer or an inductor that replaces the wire-wound transformer or inductors which generally uses copper wires. One of the main reasons why we move to planar magnetic technology is its operation at higher frequency which provides higher power density. This study explains in detail about the design and fabrication of …
Design And Optimization Of A High Power Density Silicon Carbide Traction Inverter,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Design And Optimization Of A High Power Density Silicon Carbide Traction Inverter, Tyler Adamson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This project was initiated with the goal of demonstrating a 3-phase silicon carbide based 150-kW 25 kW/L DC-AC power conversion unit capable of operation with coolant temperatures up to 90°C. The project goals were met and exceeded by first analyzing the established inverter topologies to find which one would yield the highest power density while still meeting electrical performance needs in the 150-kW range. Following topology selection, the smallest silicon carbide power module that met the electrical requirements of the system was found through experimental testing and simulation. After a power module selection was finalized, a DC link capacitor bank …
Demand-Side Load Management Using Single-Phase Residential Static Var Compensators,
2019
Boise State University
Demand-Side Load Management Using Single-Phase Residential Static Var Compensators, Muhammad Kamran Latif
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Distribution systems are going through a structural transformation from being radially-operated simple systems to becoming more complex networks to operate in the presence of the distributed energy resources (DERs) with significant levels of penetration. It is predicted that the share of electricity generation from DERs will keep increasing as the world is moving away from the power generation involving carbon-emission and towards cleaner energy sources such as solar, wind, and biofuels. However, the unstable behavior of the renewables resources presents challenges to the already existing distribution systems. One such problem is when the distribution feeder experience variable power supply due …
Critical Radius Of Insulation,
2019
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Critical Radius Of Insulation, Maria N. Ambrose, Samuel J. Sayre, Travis W. Martin, Matt T. Sterling
Mechanical Engineering
The critical radius of insulation is a counterintuitive concept within the study of heat transfer. The theory states that adding insulation to a cylindrical or spherical object will increase the rate of heat loss rather than decrease it, if the radius (thickness) of the insulation is at its “critical” value. The Critical Radius of Insulation Senior Project is designed to demonstrate this phenomenon to Heat Transfer students via a portable apparatus. The concept will be demonstrated with a cylindrical object which is heated by way of a separate voltage source. Thermocouples will display the temperature of the cylinder while insulation …
Performance Enhancement And Characterization Of An Electromagnetic Railgun,
2019
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Performance Enhancement And Characterization Of An Electromagnetic Railgun, Paul M. Gilles
Master's Theses
Collision with orbital debris poses a serious threat to spacecraft and astronauts. Hypervelocity impacts resulting from collisions mean that objects with a mass less than 1g can cause mission-ending damage to spacecraft. A means of shielding spacecraft against collisions is necessary. A means of testing candidate shielding methods for their efficacy in mitigating hypervelocity impacts is therefore also necessary. Cal Poly’s Electromagnetic Railgun was designed with the goal of creating a laboratory system capable of simulating hypervelocity (≥ 3 km/s) impacts. Due to several factors, the system was not previously capable of high-velocity (≥ 1 km/s) tests. A deficient projectile …
