Biomedical Commons^™

Formulation Strategies To Enhance Solubility And Permeability Of Small Molecules For Drug Delivery Applications, Pradeep Kumar Bolla

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

All the new chemical entities/drug molecules intended for therapeutic use must be administered using an appropriate delivery system/dosage form to achieve maximum bioavailability. However, designing a drug delivery system is complex as several factors such as lipophilicity, molecular mass, crystallinity, ionic charge, polymorphic forms and hydrogen bonding) affect the solubility and permeability of these molecules. Biopharmaceutics drug classification system (BCS) categorizes the existing drugs into four classes based on the aqueous solubility and membrane permeability and it is reported that >70% of the drugs are poorly soluble and belong to BCS class II and BCS class IV. Several physical, chemical …

Regulation Of Schlafen 11 Expression, Christian Waldemar Corona Ayala

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) is a member a family of proteins that can be found in mammals. Members of this family are involved in important functions. SLFN11 in particular has been identified as a restriction factor for several evolutionarily disparate viruses such as HIV-1 and Flaviviruses and to play an important role in DNA repair, sensitizing cells to chemotherapy. Despite its relevance SLFN11 remains largely uncharacterized. The aim of this research was to achieve a more comprehensive understanding the regulation mechanism of SLFN 11 expression. Before our research, it was only known that type I interferon (IFN) regulates SLFN11 levels. However, …

A Cellulose-Based Biological Sensor For The Quantitative Determination Of Glucose And Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c), Gilberto Henao-Pabon

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Importance: Diabetes is a common world-wide disease characterized by insulin resistance and as result there is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic abnormalities, that contribute to irreversible end-organ damage. The cause of diabetes is multifactorial and includes genetic, inflammatory and environmental factors plus lifestyle issues. Because in diabetes there are high levels of glucose and glycated hemoglobin, these molecules are used in clinical settings for the acute and chronic management of diabetic patients.

Objectives: a. To design and build an electrochemical biological sensor using the enzyme Glucose Oxidase (GOX) to detect glucose in biological fluids.

b. …

On-Demand Electrically Induced Decomposition Of Thin-Film Nitrocellulose Membranes For Wearable Or Implantable Biosensor Systems, Benjamin M. Horstmann

Theses and Dissertations

Implantable or subcutaneous biosensors used for continuous health monitoring have a limited functional lifetime requiring frequent replacement and therefore may be highly discomforting to the patient and become costly. One possible solution to this problem is use of biosensor arrays where each individual reserve sensor can be activated on-demand when the previous one becomes inoperative due to biofouling or enzyme degradation. Each reserve biosensor in the array is housed in an individual Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) well and is protected from exposure to bodily fluids such as interstitial fluid ( ISF) by a thin-film nitrocellulose membrane. Controlled activation is achieved by decomposing …

Bioenergetic Functions In Subpopulations Of Heart Mitochondria Are Preserved In A Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model (Goto-Kakizaki), Nicola Lai, C. M. Kummitha, F. Loy, R. Isola, C. L. Hoppel

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A distinct bioenergetic impairment of heart mitochondrial subpopulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with obesity; however, many type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with high-risk for cardiovascular disease are not obese. In the absence of obesity, it is unclear whether bioenergetic function in the subpopulations of mitochondria is affected in heart with T2DM. To address this issue, a rat model of non-obese T2DM was used to study heart mitochondrial energy metabolism, measuring bioenergetics and enzyme activities of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of substrates for ETC and ETC activities in both populations of heart mitochondria in …

Prefrontal High Gamma In Ecog Tags Periodicity Of Musical Rhythms In Perception And Imagination, S.A. Herff, C. Herff, A. J. Milne, Garett D. Johnson, J. J. Shih, D. J. Krusienski

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Rhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in …

Low Temperature Plasma Jets: Characterization And Biomedical Applications, Mounir Laroussi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Deep Learning With Context Encoding For Semantic Brain Tumor Segmentation And Patient Survival Prediction, Linmin Pei, Lasitha Vidyaratne, Md Monibor Rahman, Khan M. Iftekharuddin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

One of the most challenging problems encountered in deep learning-based brain tumor segmentation models is the misclassification of tumor tissue classes due to the inherent imbalance in the class representation. Consequently, strong regularization methods are typically considered when training large-scale deep learning models for brain tumor segmentation to overcome undue bias towards representative tissue types. However, these regularization methods tend to be computationally exhaustive, and may not guarantee the learning of features representing all tumor tissue types that exist in the input MRI examples. Recent work in context encoding with deep CNN models have shown promise for semantic segmentation of …

Sistem Cerdas Deteksi Sinyal Elektrokardiogram (Ekg) Untuk Klasifikasi Jantung Normal Dan Abnormal Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (Jst), Myza Rifali, Dessy Irmawati

Elinvo (Electronics, Informatics, and Vocational Education)

This article aims to describe the accuracy of signal processing using neural networks. The design of this final project hardware consists of Arduino Uno, AD8232 module and electrodes. ECG signals obtained from respondents were used as test data for normal ECG signals, while for abnormal class test data the data used were obtained from the research website, namely physionet with atrial fibrillation class. The design process in this system includes the process of data acquisition, training, feature extraction, testing and classification with artificial neural networks. Based on the results of the performance of this device to record ECG signals on …

Blood Glucose Predictor, Jessica Patterson

Electrical Engineering

For my senior project, I perform data analysis using statistical methods to determine body metrics that correlate with blood glucose levels. Working with Dr. Tina Smilkstein, I take repeat measurements from 6 different volunteers to establish trends in bodily metric data. The data taken includes weight, body fat, pulse rate, VO2, blood glucose, blood pressure, hours slept, and quality of sleep. Using these values, I use the program MiniTab to view results.

A few examples of correlations with blood glucose found in this project are:

• Systolic blood pressure for females had a regression line of 124.0 -0.3366*Blood Pressure. This indicates …

Development Of A Comsol Microdialysis Model, Towards Creation Of Microdialysis On A Chip With Improved Geometries And Recovery, Patrick Pysz

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Microdialysis (µD) sampling is a diffusion-limited sampling method that has been widely used in different biomedical fields for greater than 35 years. Device calibration for in vivo studies is difficult for current non-steady state analytes of interest correlated with both inflammatory response and microbial signaling molecules (QS); which exist in low ng/mL to pg/mL with molecular weights over a wide range of 170 Da to 70 kDa. The primary performance metric, relative recovery (RR), relating the collected sample to the extracellular space concentration varies from 10% to 60% per analyte even under controlled bench-top conditions. Innovations in microdialysis device design …

Indocyanine-Green-Assisted Near-Infrared Dental Fluorescence Imaging To Detect Common Dental Diseases, As Compared With Dental X-Ray, Yoshita Viraj Holamoge

LSU Master's Theses

Oral health is indicative of a person’s overall health. Even with advances in medical science, dental diseases are very much prevalent in our society. Dental imaging techniques help in the early detection of these dental diseases and eventually avoids the risk of poor oral health as well as medical expenses. Current dental imaging techniques rely mostly on X-ray imaging whose ionizing property is a concern amongst the population. Near-infrared spectrum is known to have tissue penetration property and they belong to the non-ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This study utilized a contrast agent assisted near-infrared imaging for common dental …

Tissue-Specific Roles Of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Ligands In Cardiac Outflow Tract Malformations And Calcific Aortic Valve Disease, Nadia Al-Sammarraie

Theses and Dissertations

Congenital heart defects and adult calcific aortic valve disease are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, there is no medical cure and surgical intervention is the main option of treatment. The cardiac outflow tract is the major site for these abnormalities, which are triggered by genetic and/or environmental factors that alter development and/or homeostasis. Recently, significant roles of TGFβ signaling in development of cardiovascular disorders have become more evident in humans, however, the specific requirement of individual TGFβ ligands on the pathogenesis of OFT malformations and diseases remains elusive. In the present work, three …

Antibacterial Properties Of Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coatings Prepared By A Simple Two-Step Shaking-Assisted Method, Pegah Kord Fooroshani, Elizabeth Polega, Kevin Thomson, Mohammad Saleh Akram Bhuiyan, Rattapol Pinnaratip, Mikhail Trought, Chito E. Kendrick, Yuesheng Gao, Kathryn Perrine, Lei Pan, Bruce P. Lee

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

A simple two-step, shaking-assisted polydopamine (PDA) coating technique was used to impart polypropylene (PP) mesh with antimicrobial properties. In this modified method, a relatively large concentration of dopamine (20 mg ml⁻¹) was first used to create a stable PDA primer layer, while the second step utilized a significantly lower concentration of dopamine (2 mg ml⁻¹) to promote the formation and deposition of large aggregates of PDA nanoparticles. Gentle shaking (70 rpm) was employed to increase the deposition of PDA nanoparticle aggregates and the formation of a thicker PDA coating with nano-scaled surface roughness (RMS = 110 …

A Harmless Wireless Quantum Alternative To Cell Phones Based On Quantum Noise, Florentin Smarandache, Robert Neil Boyd, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In the meantime we know that 4G and 5G technologies cause many harms to human health. Therefore, here we submit a harmless wireless quantum alternative to cell phones. It is our hope that this alternative

Investigation Of The Electrode Polarization Effect For Biosensor Applications, Anil Koklu

Mechanical Engineering Research Theses and Dissertations

My research focuses on electrokinetic transport. Particularly, in this dissertation, we focus on fabrication and testing of micro electrodes with nanostructured surfaces to minimize the electrode polarization (EP) effects for biosensor applications. In the first study, electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles on to planar gold electrodes was used to generate rough surfaces. Dendritic nanostructures that reduced EP up to two orders of magnitude was obtained by optimizing the deposition conditions. These structures also enhanced dielectrophoresis (DEP) response of our bio-chips, making them usable in physiological buffers. In further studies we discovered a universal scaling of EP in the frequency domain, …

Improving 3d Printed Prosthetics With Sensors And Motors, Rachel Zarin

Honors Projects

A 3D printed hand and arm prosthetic was created from the idea of adding bionic elements while keeping the cost low. It was designed based on existing models, desired functions, and materials available. A tilt sensor keeps the hand level, two motors move the wrist in two different directions, a limit switch signals the fingers to open and close, and another motor helps open and close the fingers. All sensors and motors were built on a circuit board, programmed using an Arduino, and powered by a battery. Other supporting materials include metal brackets, screws, guitar strings, elastic bands, small clamps, …

Effect Of Tcdd, An Environmental Contaminant, On Activation Of Ahr Leading To Induction Of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (Mdscs) And The Ability Of Resveratrol, A Botanical, To Neutralize This Effect, Wurood Hantoosh Neamah

Theses and Dissertations

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a ligand-activated transcription factor that integrates environmental, dietary, microbial and metabolic cues to control various cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, epithelial barrier function, cell migration and immune function. AhR was discovered as the receptor that binds with high affinity to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and leads to numerous of toxicological outcomes. In the current study, we discovered a critical role played by AhR, following activation by TCDD, in modulating a variety of immunological functions through regulation of epigenetic and microbial pathways. Our data demonstrated that AhR activation triggers MDSC mobilization from bone marrow to peritoneal …

Role Of Epigenetic, Molecular And Cellular Pathways In The Regulation Of Inflammation, William James Becker

Theses and Dissertations

Dysregulated inflammation is at the heart of countless human diseases. Graft rejection is the process by which an organ from an incompatible donor is rejected by the recipient whose immune cells attack the foreign tissue. Colitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by undue chronic inflammation in the colon and rectum that can progress to cancer. Colitis incidence is on the rise, especially in developing nations and Asia; and the list of patients who need organ transplants grow by the day. Therapies for both graft rejection and colitis are limited to immunosuppressive drugs that leaves patients vulnerable to infection, heart disease, …

Epigenetic And Purinergic Regulation Of Mast Cells Mediator Release, Zahraa Abdulmohsin Mohammed

Theses and Dissertations

Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their implications in allergic reactions. They are also known to have multiple functions in the innate and adaptive immune system. Their activation plays an essential role in many aspects of physiological and pathological conditions. Allergies are considered chronic conditions that affect more than 60 million people in the U.S. These diseases are driven by the activation of MCs in response to IgE-mediated antigen, rendering these cells as targets for the management of allergies and asthma. Therefore, this research considers the understanding of their activation and the regulation of their response to be an …