Process Control and Systems Commons^™

Modeling Of Analog-To-Digital Converter In Signal Processing, Ravshan Aliev, A.U. Djalilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article is devoted to the study of the modeling process of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that process signals, one of the main parts of control system elements and devices. As we know, ADCs are an important part of modern control systems. During the research, the main stages of analog signal conversion were analyzed, i.e. discretization, quantization, coding. A classification of analog-to-digital conversion methods was made and the advantages and disadvantages of each were identified. Also, the characteristics and parameters of ADC were studied, their impact on ADCs performance was evaluated, and it was determined that certain characteristics should be taken …

Principles And Models Of Construction Of Linear Motion Actuators With Holonomic Structure For Intelligent Robot Movement, Matyokubov Nurbek Rustamovich, Temurbek Omonboevich Rakhimov, Yusupov Bekmurod Bayotovich

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article is devoted to the principles and models of building linear motion actuators with holonomic structure for the movement of intelligent robots. Also, the classification of the elements of the linear movement performance according to their interconnections and technical characteristics, taking into account their physical characteristics, was seen. A morphological matrix of the construction of holonomic structured linear motion performance elements based on the classification according to the considered technical specifications is presented. The given morphological matrix of linear motion actuators serves to develop new actuators for intelligent mechatronic and robotic systems. Based on the morphological matrix of the …

Application Of An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System To Control The Wastewater Treatment Process, Jaloliddin Abdurazzakovich Eshbobaev, Bakhodir Tajiddinovich Khamidov, Marcos Torices Fallanza

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This study explores the application of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for controlling wastewater treatment processes using ion-exchange resins. It addresses the critical challenges of water scarcity and pollution by enhancing the regulation of water hardness (H) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Using a pilot laboratory device and experimental data from the mixed wastewater of the Kungrad Soda Plant in Uzbekistan, an ANFIS model was developed in MATLAB to automate process control. The model leverages water hardness and TDS as input parameters to regulate the water flow rate by servo valve opening degree, ensuring precise and efficient treatment. Compared …

Effectiveness Of Natural Coagulants In Purification Of Industrial Wastewater: A Case Of Cactus Pads And Watermelon Seeds, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study assessed the potential of cactus pads and watermelon seeds as natural coagulants in industrial wastewater treatment. The global characterization of the two coagulants was done by using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine the specific functional groups and by zeta potential measurements. A full factorial design was used to design the experiment and analyze the effect of three factors: coagulant dosage, settling time and particle size with three levels each and one replicate on the turbidity removal. ANOVA analyses were used to determine the significance of the factors. Results show that the amino and hydroxyl groups in …

Life Cycle Assessment Of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels Produced By The New Cool Gas To Liquid (Cool Gtl) Process, Elochukwu Okoye

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Cool Gas-to-Liquid (Cool GTL) process converts biogas and captured CO₂ into renewable hydrocarbon fuels, contributing to GHG emissions reduction in transportation. This report explains a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study that was completed to evaluate the environmental impact of different feedstocks, hydrogen sources, and electricity inputs. The analysis considers biogas from food waste, manure, and landfill sources, as well as biogenic, fossil, and direct air capture (DAC) CO₂ feedstocks. Results show that biogas pathways provide the greatest GHG reductions, with the best case (food and manure biogas + solar hydrogen + solar electricity) achieving a net-negative GWP …

Membrane Reactor Modeling And Optimization For Hydrogen Production, Ayooluwa Tomiwa Akintola

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

There has been an ongoing trend toward cleaner fuels for more environmentally benign forms of energy generation. Recently, hydrogen has been identified as a clean fuel for energy generation. However, the most established, efficient, and widely utilized technique for producing hydrogen remains the steam methane reforming (SMR) in the presence of catalyst. Unlike other fossil fuels, utilizing methane from natural gas in an SMR process to produce hydrogen emits less, but yet a notable sum of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the endothermic nature of SMR reactions imply that there is a high energy requirement to obtain a substantial amount of hydrogen …

Modeling And Simulation Of A Process For Upcycling Of Low-Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste To Ethylene, Xiaoyan Wang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ethylene is one of the most widely produced petrochemicals, with an estimated global output of 180 million metric tons in 2022. Approximately 82 million metric tons of ethylene are used annually for plastic production, primarily for polyethylene (PE), as well as polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The CO₂ emissions associated with PE production were approximately 14 million metric tons in 2022. Globally, an estimated 70 million metric tons of PE are produced and consumed each year, with the majority (~79%) ending up in landfills or the environment.

This project proposes a novel process in which waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) …

Augmentation And Hybridization Of Conventional Forms Of Process Control With Advanced Control Methods, Daniel Paul Beahr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Within the last decade in the field of process control, there has developed a distinct gap between the technological advancements of today and the well-established theory that has preceded it. This is most evident where the novel developments and structures often outpace the necessary guarantees and strong foundation required to ensure the possibility of widespread adoption. Therefore, the goals of this work are to broadly integrate those novel advanced control methods into the field of process control in such a way to increase the applicability and encourage implementation.

The first portion of this work seeks to further explore the nature …

Modeling And Simulation Of Carbon-Neutral Strategies For Methanol Production, Omar Almaraz Barrios

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Methanol is a versatile chemical that can be used as a fuel, a solvent, a feedstock for other chemicals, and a hydrogen carrier. Methanol production from natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, is a well-established process that involves steam reforming, methanol synthesis, and methanol purification. However, this process is energy-intensive and emits large amounts of carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming and climate change. Therefore, there is a need for alternative methods of methanol production that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. The overall objective of this research is to develop simulation models of two novel methanol …

The Design And Implementation Of A Modular Tissue Engineering Test Bed To Pursue An Alternate Pathway Of Cell Culture Based Research, Ryley Patrick Griffin

Theses and Dissertations

The development of a Modular Automated Tissue Engineering Test Bed (MATETB) is the next step in the development of cheap and easily available in vitro cell regulatory systems for both academic and industrial purposes. This project outlined the framework and requirements for a device that could automatically regulate and collect data on a cell culture through the manipulation of its liquid environment. From this framework, a prototype was built. The device would fulfill cell culture needs while collecting data automatically and allowing for live viewing and imaging of cells. The device was comprised of a mechanical skeleton (MS), an environmental …

Study Of Different Treatment Strategies In Epidemic Models Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control, Hector Puebla, Luis A. Ricardez-Sandoval, Priti Kumar Roy

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Polyvinyl Alcohol–Red Cabbage Nanofibers As Ph-Responsive Freshness Sensors For Advanced Food Packaging Technology, Foliatini Foliatini, Singgih Wibowo, Henny Rochaeni, Suhartini Suhartini, Fachrurrazie Fachrurrazie, Arzzaq Imanda Prianditya, Pradnadia Putri Hadriansyah, Naura Athira Putri Siregar, Novi Nurpadilah, Putri Alfiani, Maudi Rahim, Endah Sriwahyuni

Makara Journal of Science

The development of innovative food packaging technologies, particularly those capable of monitoring freshness, has become increasingly important in the food industry. This research explores the development of a pH-responsive freshness sensor using polyvinyl alcohol–red cabbage (PVA/RC) nanofibers. The nanofibers are fabricated through the electrospinning technique and meticulously analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results underscore the fine structure of the nanofiber matrix, with an average diameter of ~68 nm. FTIR analysis substantiates the presence of anthocyanin compounds from RC within the PVA/RC nanofibers, which confirms the integration of beneficial components into …

Glycerol-Free Biodiesel Via Catalytic Interesterification: A Pathway To A Netzero Biodiesel Industry, Nessren Farrag, Omar Youssef Youssef, Esraa Khaled, Omar Aboelazayem

Chemical Engineering

Conventional biodiesel manufacturing uses alcohol as an acyl acceptor, resulting in glycerol as a side product. The increased demand for biodiesel has led to the production of a substantial surplus of glycerol, exceeding the market need. Consequently, glycerol is now being regarded as a byproduct, and in some cases, even as waste. The present study aims to suggest an economically viable and ecologically friendly approach for maintaining the viability of the biodiesel sector. This involves generating an alternative byproduct of higher value, rather than glycerol. Triacetin is produced through the interesterification of triglycerides with methyl acetate, and is a beneficial …

Cyberattack Detection And Handling For Neural Network-Approximated Economic Model Predictive Control, Jihan Abou Halloun, Helen E. Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Cyberattacks on control systems can create unprofitable and unsafe operating conditions. To enhance safety and attack resiliency of control systems, cyberattack detection strategies can be developed. Prior work in our group has sought to develop cyberattack detection strategies that are integrated with an advanced control formulation known as Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC), in the sense that the controller properties can be used to analyze closed-loop stability in the presence or absence of undetected attacks. In this work, we consider neural network-approximated control laws, concepts for mitigating cyberattacks on such control laws, and how these ideas elucidate concepts in …

Lyapunov-Based Cyberattack Detection For Distinguishing Between Sensor And Actuator Attacks, Dominic Messina, Helen E. Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Control-theoretic cyberattack detection strategies are control strategies where control theory can be used in the design of the detection policies and analysis of stability properties with and without cyberattacks. This work provides a step toward understanding how to diagnose cyberattacks using control-theoretic cyberattack detection mechanisms. Specifically, we analyze the conditions under which a control-theoretic cyberattack detection strategy developed in our prior work to handle detection of simultaneous actuator and sensor attacks can be extended to distinguish between whether attacks are occurring on sensors or actuators. We present and evaluate heuristic concepts for attempting to diagnose sensor attacks; these again demonstrate …

Study Of The Application Of Blender For Simulation Of A Closed-Loop Image-Based Greenhouse Supplemental Lighting Control, Kip Nieman, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Image-based control and sensing has been applied in a wide variety of next generation manufacturing fields. Utilizing methods of simulating closed-loop image-based control may be advantageous for improving control performance and design without the need for an experimental setup. One software capable of these simulations is the open-source 3D modeling software Blender, which has many capabilities aided by a Python API. This work explores the use of Blender as an image-based control test bed, where both the process and the controller are simulated, in the context of a greenhouse supplemental lighting control system.

Safety With Non-Deterministic Control Action Selection Using Quantum Devices, Kip Nieman, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Recent increasing interest in quantum computers has spurred research into practical engineering applications for quantum algorithms. One potential application is process control. The unique quantum phenomena involved with quantum computing brings up interesting considerations for control. This work focuses on non-determinism, first through a motivating simulation utilizing a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Following this, two methods of potentially ensuring system stability in the presence of non-determinism are discussed. The first involves including an additional gate to the modified Grover’s algorithm presented in our previous work, which is designed to prevent a qubit state corresponding to an undesired control input from being …

Profit Considerations For Nonlinear Control-Integrated Cyberattack Detection On Process Actuators, Keshav Kasturi Rangan, Helen E. Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Prior research from our group developed a control-integrated active actuator cyberattack detection strategy. This strategy continuously probed for cyberattacks by updating target steady-states at every sampling time and then moving the process state toward these over the subsequent sampling period. Attacks were fagged if a Lyapunov function around the target steady-state did not decrease over a sampling period. This strategy had the benefit of ensuring safety of the process until an attack was detected. However, the continuous probing for attacks could decrease profit from the process compared to not probing for the attacks, which could limit the attractiveness of the …

Investigation Of The Parameters Of Semicylindrical Capacitive Sensor, Erkin Uljaev, Elyor Faxriddinovich Khudoyberdiev, Shohrukh Nurali O‘G‘Li Narzullayev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This study introduces a semicylindrical capacitive sensor, featuring an internal dielectric insulator, designed to measure moisture levels in bulk and other materials while in motion. The research employs numerical analysis to explore the sensor's capacitance variation and evaluate its performance. The change in capacitance of the semicylindrical capacitive sensor in the picofarad range is easily converted into a change in the frequency of the generator, which is implemented on an operational amplifier with feedback. The generator circuit is quite compact, and its output can be connected directly to the discrete input of a microcontroller without a matching element. Using the …

Experimental Study Of The Ultrasonic Extraction Process Of Plant Raw Materials, Azamat Bakir Ogli Usenov, Doston Ishmuxammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov, Jasur Esirgapovich Safarov Dcs

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In-depth scientific research is being conducted around the world aimed at developing the scientific and methodological foundations of energy-saving extractors, processing medicinal plants, increasing the efficiency of modern technologies, processes and equipment for obtaining high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials rich in biologically active substances. Energy-saving extractors, developed in conjunction with the extraction process of medicinal plants, are introduced into the industry using scientifically proven technology. At the global level, special attention is paid to the creation of intelligent designs of innovative extraction plants that operate using ultrasonic waves, allowing the extraction of medicinal components of plants.