Evaluation Of Three Chemical Coatings On Biomaterial Induced Thromboembolism,
2013
Brigham Young University
Evaluation Of Three Chemical Coatings On Biomaterial Induced Thromboembolism, Joseph Flinders, Dr. Kenneth Solen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
When blood contacts man-made biomaterials such as those used in artificial organs (e.g. hemodialyzers, oxygenators, etc.) a chain of events occurs that can lead to medical complications as serious as a stroke. These events include proteins (particularly fibrinogen) adhering to the biomaterial’s surface, the accumulation of blood platelets on the fibrinogen to form “Thrombi”, and then the dislodging of the thrombi to form particles (microemboli) that can block downstream arteries or capillaries causing a “stroke” or other cardiovascular event.
Antibody-Conjugated Polymeric Micelles That Attach To Specific Cancer Cells,
2013
Brigham Young University
Antibody-Conjugated Polymeric Micelles That Attach To Specific Cancer Cells, Douglas S. Lewis, Dr. William G. Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the past decade, many efforts have been made to improve chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer patients. One of the specific efforts seeks to actively deliver anti-cancer drugs to the target tissue rendering the chemotherapy more efficient and less damaging to nearby uninfected cells.
Hypothermia-Induced Platelet Aggregation And Fibrinogen Functionality,
2013
Brigham Young University
Hypothermia-Induced Platelet Aggregation And Fibrinogen Functionality, Adam Broderick, Dr. Ken Solen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Hypothermia-Induced Platelet Aggregation (HIPA) may pose a significant risk for patients undergoing some surgical procedures. During heart surgery, a patient’s core temperature is typically lowered to reduce tissue damage. Hall et al. (2002) observed that this caused blood platelet aggregation in ~30% of test subjects1 and increases post-operative neurological impairment after hypothermic coronary bypass surgery, possibly through occlusion of small blood vessels by platelet aggregates.2
Quantifying The Relationship Between Platelet Activity And Blood-Materials Interactions,
2013
Brigham Young University
Quantifying The Relationship Between Platelet Activity And Blood-Materials Interactions, Kenneth Solen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In clinical practice, variations among patients in the degree of blood-material interaction are evidenced in the fact that physicians have long sought for ways to provide patient-specific treatment1. No clinical screening yet exists to test the level of interaction expected from a given patient. My research attempted to test the hypothesis that a correlation exists between platelet function and blood-material interaction.
Stabilizing Nanostructured Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode With Atomic Layer Deposition,
2013
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Stabilizing Nanostructured Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode With Atomic Layer Deposition, Yunhui Gong, Diego Palacio, Xueyan Song, Rajankumar L. Patel, Xinhua Liang
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We demonstrate that the highly active but unstable nanostructured intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathode, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSCo), can retain its high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with exceptional stability for 4000 h at 700 C by overcoating its surfaces with a conformal layer of nanoscale ZrO2 films through atomic layer deposition (ALD). The benefits from the presence of the nanoscale ALD-ZrO2 overcoats are remarkable: a factor of 19 and 18 reduction in polarization area-specific resistance and degradation rate over the pristine sample, respectively. The unique multifunctionality of the ALD-derived nanoscaled ZrO2 overcoats, …
Synthesis Of A Polymeric Micelle That Can Target And Attach To Specific Tissues,
2013
Brigham Young University
Synthesis Of A Polymeric Micelle That Can Target And Attach To Specific Tissues, Douglas S. Lewis, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the past decade, many efforts have been made to improve chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer patients. One of the specific efforts seeks to actively deliver anti-cancer drugs to the target tissue rendering the chemotherapy more efficient and less damaging to nearby uninfected cells.
Peo-Ppo-Pla: An Anti-Cancer Drug Carrier Subtitle (If Applicable),
2013
Brigham Young University
Peo-Ppo-Pla: An Anti-Cancer Drug Carrier Subtitle (If Applicable), James Lattin, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
For over a decade ultrasound enhanced drug delivery systems have been under development. These systems often use polymeric molecules that form micelles. In aqueous solutions (such as blood), a spherical micelle is formed as the hydrophilic ends of the molecules interact with the solution and the hydrophobic ends are pushed to the inside of the sphere where they can interact with each other.
Tumor Drug Concentration Due To Ultrasonic Drug Delivery,
2013
Brigham Young University
Tumor Drug Concentration Due To Ultrasonic Drug Delivery, Bryant Staples, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The tri-block copolymer, Pluronic P105, has been found to be an ideal ultrasonically activated drug delivery vehicle because it forms micelles with hydrophobic polypropylene oxide cores that sequester hydrophobic drugs (Fig. 1). These micelles release their contents upon the application of low frequency ultrasound [1] such that drugs can be released specifically at the ultrasonicated region (Fig. 2). Such ultrasonically controlled release has been effective against cancer cells in vitro [2] and in vivo [3].
Effect Of Water Concentration During Polymerization Of A Hydrogel On Swelling And Mechanical Properties,
2013
Brigham Young University
Effect Of Water Concentration During Polymerization Of A Hydrogel On Swelling And Mechanical Properties, Justin J. Baker, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Hydrogels are polymers that absorb water and thus swell in the presence of water and/or body fluids. Hydrogels have been used in many drug-delivery and medical applications.1 One such application is to apply a thin coating of a hydrogel to the outer surface of a hearing aid to eliminate acoustic feedback. Acoustic feedback is the high-pitched squeal caused by an incomplete seal between the hearing aid and the surface of the ear canal. This incomplete seal allows amplified sound to escape and be re-amplified by the hearing aid. By coating a hearing aid with a hydrogel, the humidity and oils …
Bioremediation Of Contaminated Groundwater Development Of Bio-Wall Technology,
2013
Brigham Young University
Bioremediation Of Contaminated Groundwater Development Of Bio-Wall Technology, Lyn Bobincheck, Dr. W. Vincent Wilding
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Contaminated groundwater results from uncontrolled release of wastes such as fuel and industrial solvents. This contamination is cleaned up through several methods including bioremediation. Current methods of bioremediation include traditional pump and treat, bioventing, and bio-walls. Bio-walls are a new, promising technology described by several researchers.1,2 The purpose of this research was to determine the state of the art bio-wall technology, and to present a bio-wall design which optimizes necessary parameters for bioremediation.
Correlating Thomboembolism To Individual Platelet Aggregation Rate,
2013
Brigham Young University
Correlating Thomboembolism To Individual Platelet Aggregation Rate, Luke Werrett, Dr. Kenneth Solen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The objective of this research project was to identify a correlation between a traditional platelet activity test using an aggregometer, and a new test that measures interactions between blood and man-made materials in a simulated blood flow environment. A correlation between these data would give artificial organ recipients and open-heart surgery candidates a more thorough risk analysis of their situation, and indicate the need for caution or additional medication.
The Mechanism Of Gravity Induced, Counter-Current Flow Of Oil And Water In Porous Beds,
2013
Brigham Young University
The Mechanism Of Gravity Induced, Counter-Current Flow Of Oil And Water In Porous Beds, Kari Cook, Dr. Hugh Hales
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Computerized simulation of the flow in underground petroleum reservoirs is widely used by oil companies to optimize the production of oil and gas. Such simulations are known in the Industry as “reservoir simulation”. They are based on Darcy’s Law, smoothly varying flow potentials, and the assumption that all phases move uniformly through the pore spaces. It seems possible that at low flow rates, such as those resulting when gravitational forces predominate, a different mechanism applies. The more dense phases may move downward in some pores, while the lighter fluids move upward through others. This would result in much more rapid …
A Course Grain Model For Protein-Surface Interactions,
2013
Brigham Young University
A Course Grain Model For Protein-Surface Interactions, Shuai Wei, Thomas A. Knotts Iv
Faculty Publications
The interaction of proteins with surfaces is important in numerous applications in many fields—such as biotechnology, proteomics, sensors, and medicine—but fundamental understanding of how protein stability and structure are affected by surfaces remains incomplete. Over the last several years, molecular simulation using coarse grain models has yielded significant insights, but the formalisms used to represent the surface interactions have been rudimentary. We present a new model for protein surface interactions that incorporates the chemical specificity of both the surface and the residues comprising the protein in the context of a one-bead-per-residue, coarse grain approach that maintains computational efficiency. The model …
Computer Modeling And Mapping Of Ultrasound Intensity In Human Tissues For Gene And Drug Delivery,
2013
Brigham Young University
Computer Modeling And Mapping Of Ultrasound Intensity In Human Tissues For Gene And Drug Delivery, Spencer Smith, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Over the past years ultrasound has been used extensively in medical treatments. It is now being developed and tested in localized drug and gene delivery. One of the main applications for drug delivery is treating cancer.
Nanoemulsions Of Non-Toxic Fluorocarbon Liquids Used To Transfect Genes With Applied Ultrasound,
2013
Brigham Young University
Nanoemulsions Of Non-Toxic Fluorocarbon Liquids Used To Transfect Genes With Applied Ultrasound, Cody L. Martin, Dr. William Pitt
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Gene delivery has been an important topic of medical and scientific research today, due to its potential in aiding the fight against cancer, heart disease and many genetic disorders. By transfecting appropriate genes into diseased cells, specific proteins can be produced that will alleviate problems at the cellular level. In addition, if the gene delivery is done by a targeted non-viral approach, such as ultrasound combined with contrast agent bubbles, the efficiency of transfection always increases. The targeted non-viral approach consists of applying focused ultrasound to a specific tissue in the presence of microbubbles. The application of ultrasound will cause …
Numerical Analysis Of Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids In Co-Axial Microtubes,
2013
University of New Mexico
Numerical Analysis Of Co-Flowing Immiscible Liquids In Co-Axial Microtubes, In-Hwan Yang
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
This research developed dimensionless correlations, based on the numerical simulations, for the boundaries between the dripping, transition and jetting regimes. Additional correlations are also developed for the radius and formation frequency of disperse droplet in the dripping regime and the transition regime, when the total volume of the satellite droplets is less than 1% of the disperse primary droplets.
Adatom Emission From Nanoparticles: Implications For Ostwald Ripening,
2013
University of New Mexico
Adatom Emission From Nanoparticles: Implications For Ostwald Ripening, Tyne Johns
Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs
To achieve clean air in our cities, all modern means of ground transportation make use of catalytic converters. Precious metal-based catalysts such as Pt and Pd are currently used in catalytic converters. To achieve higher fuel efficiency, combustion can be carried out in excess air resulting in a reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reduction of these emissions has emerged as a major challenge. Most of the pollutants are emitted within the first 30 seconds after starting an engine because the catalyst is cold. The development of catalysts which achieve high activity at low temperatures will improve fuel efficiency and …
A Propane Oven For The Uros Islands,
2013
Brigham Young University
A Propane Oven For The Uros Islands, Jeffrey Perry, Dr. Randy Lewis
Journal of Undergraduate Research
High in the Andes Mountains lives a group of Peruvians who spend their lives on the Uros Islands of Lake Titicaca. To purchase supplies at the nearest city, Puno, islanders must take a 20 minute motorboat trip and 10 minute taxi ride. Because trips to the city are infrequent, islanders rarely have the opportunity throughout the week to eat fresh baked breads, meats and desserts. The oven building team from the Global Engineering Outreach Class (GEO) at Brigham Young University decided to design, build and implement a portable oven, heated by propane that could be easily used and manufactured by …
Effects Of Enhanced Oil Recovery On Production Engineers, Elm Coulee Field, Bakken Reservoir, Richland County, Montana,
2013
Montana Tech
Effects Of Enhanced Oil Recovery On Production Engineers, Elm Coulee Field, Bakken Reservoir, Richland County, Montana, Burt J. Todd, Ph.D., John Evans, Leo Heath, David Reichhardt
Petroleum Engineering
This presentation describes research at Montana Tech to improve oil recovery rates in the Elm Coulee Oil Field in the Bakken Reservoir, Richmond County, Montana. The slides display current recovery rate predictions, enhanced oil recovery methods, reservoir model building and history matching strategies. Recommended development strategies include implementing hydrocarbon gas injection operations to improve current oil recovery rates by more than 75%. The impact of increased production on Production Engineers is also described. The Principal Investigators include John Evans, Leo Heath, David Reichhardt and Burt Todd in the Petroleum Engineering Department.
Comparison Of A Sio2-Cao-Zno-Sro Glass Polyalkenoate Cement To Commercial Dental Materials: Ion Release, Biocompatibility And Antibacterial Properties,
2013
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Comparison Of A Sio2-Cao-Zno-Sro Glass Polyalkenoate Cement To Commercial Dental Materials: Ion Release, Biocompatibility And Antibacterial Properties, A. W. Wren, A. Coughlan, M. M. Hall, M. J. German, Mark R. Towler
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Ion Release and biocompatibility of a CaO-SrO-ZnO-SiO2 (BT 101) based glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) was compared against commercial GPCs, Fuji IX and Ketac Molar. The radiopacity (R) was similar for each material, 2.0-2.8. Ion release was evaluated on each material over 1, 7, 30 and 90 days. BT 101 release included Ca (23 mg/L), Sr (23 mg/L) Zn (13 mg/L), Si (203 mg/L). Fuji IX release includes Ca (0.7 mg/L), Al (3 mg/L) Si (26 mg/L), Na (60 mg/L) and P (0.5 mg/L) while Ketac Molar release includes Ca (1 mg/L), Al (0.6 mg/L) Si (23 mg/L), Na (76 …
