Low Cost, Carbon-Based Micro- And Nano-Structured Electrodes For High Performance Supercapacitors,
2016
Clemson University
Low Cost, Carbon-Based Micro- And Nano-Structured Electrodes For High Performance Supercapacitors, Kryssia Pamela Díaz Orellana
All Dissertations
Advances in the development of sustainable, low-cost, and reliable energy storage technologies have become a high priority as the demand for high power, and high energy storage devices has risen with emerging technologies in electronics, transportation, and renewable energy systems. Supercapacitors, due to their relatively high energy density and power density, provide an attractive alternative to bridge the gap between conventional batteries and capacitors. Materials ranging from high surface area, inert carbons to Faradaic metal oxides and conducting polymers have been used to achieve a range of performance properties in supercapacitors. However, the development of new technologies faces many challenges, …
Mixing And Mean Age In Multiphase Systems.,
2016
University of Louisville
Mixing And Mean Age In Multiphase Systems., David Chandler Russ
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mean age theory is a useful tool for analyzing mixing by providing spatial distributions of time based data for material inside a system using a steady-state CFD approach, but has been limited to single phase systems. Mean age theory was extended here to multiphase systems by defining the scalar tracer concentration independently for individual phases, which allows mean age to be solved at steady-state for each phase independently within a multiphase system. The theory was validated by comparing multiphase mean age (MMA) distributions extracted from spatial distributions determined computationally at two locations where RTDs were experimentally measured in a water-oil …
An Analysis Of Capital Cost Estimation Techniques For Chemical Processing,
2016
Florida Institute of Technology
An Analysis Of Capital Cost Estimation Techniques For Chemical Processing, Omar Joel Symister
Theses and Dissertations
This research serves to compare the use of the capital cost estimation software, Aspen Capital Cost Estimator (ACCE), with other capital cost estimating methods specifically the module costing technique outlined by Richard Turton et al. and also a factorial costing technique outlined by Gavin Towler and Ray Sinnott. This study will compare popular process equipment found in the chemical process industries. The relationship between the capacities of the equipment, as it relates to the cost as well as operational pressures and materials of construction (MOC), will also be obtained and compared. The results of this study may be used by …
Carbon Dioxide Capture By Steel-Making Residues In A Fluidized Bed Reacto,
2016
United Arab Emirates University
Carbon Dioxide Capture By Steel-Making Residues In A Fluidized Bed Reacto, Suhaib Mohammad Hameedi
Theses
Global warming is one of the most challenging problems facing societies these days, and it is known to be caused by the increasing emissions of Green House Gases (GHG's), mainly CO2, from various human activities. To solve such a problem, or at least minimize its effects, several actions have been considered. One of these actions is carbon capture, which has many different options and techniques. This research focuses on the capture of CO2 through reactions with steel-making residues, an alkaline solid by-product of the steel-making process. The aim is to sequester CO2 and form carbonates, which …
Special Issue: Electrocatalyst And Electrocatalysis In Fuel Cells Preface,
2016
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China;
Special Issue: Electrocatalyst And Electrocatalysis In Fuel Cells Preface, Zi-Dong Wei
Journal of Electrochemistry
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Recent Progress In Non-Precious Metal Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts With An Encapsulation Structure,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China;
Recent Progress In Non-Precious Metal Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts With An Encapsulation Structure, Mei-Ling Xiao, Jian-Bing Zhu, Chang-Peng Liu, Jun-Jie Ge, Wei Xing
Journal of Electrochemistry
Platinum-based materials, the state-of-the-art catalysts for fuel cells, suffer from prohibitive costs, limited resources and insufficient durability. Accordingly, tremendous efforts were made in searching for efficient, durable and inexpensive alternatives to precious-metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Transition-metals (Fe, Co)/nitrogen co-doped hybrids, heteroatom (N, P, S, F, et al) doped carbons and composites with transition-metals encapsulated in graphitic layers are reported as the most efficient non-precious metal ORR catalysts. Among the various non-precious metal ORR catalysts, transition-metals encased in graphitic layer catalysts are a novel type of catalysts for ORR with high activity and durability, and thus, the …
Dynamic Simulation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Pt/C Electrode For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Progressing, Hubei Fuel Cell Key Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070,China;
Dynamic Simulation Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction In Pt/C Electrode For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Shang Li, Fen Zhou, Lei Chen, Mu Pan
Journal of Electrochemistry
It is an urgent need to reduce the Pt loading in electrode for practical fuel cell applications worldwide. Herein, we theoretically investigate the oxygen distribution, generated current, and minimum Pt loading of Pt/C electrode for practical applications based on kinetic model of oxygen reduction reaction. The results indicate that with increasing electrode effective thickness to 40 mm, serious concentration polarization is expected for Pt/C electrode. To generate a power density of 1.4 W⋅cm-2 (2.1A⋅cm-2@0.67 V) for fuel cell, the cathode catalyst layer thickness in PEMFC should be as thin as 3 mm. The minimum Pt loading will …
Multi-Scaled Carbon Supported Platinum As A Stable Electrocatalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction,
2016
Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
Multi-Scaled Carbon Supported Platinum As A Stable Electrocatalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Yu-Ping Li, Lu-Hua Jiang, Su-Li Wang, Gong-Quan Sun
Journal of Electrochemistry
The stability of carbon supports is essential for electrocatalysts of fuel cells. Herein, the mesoporous carbon with the high graphitic degree (highly graphitic mesoporous carbon, HGMC) was synthesized by using resorcinol as the carbon precursor, SiO2 as the templates and urea as the reducing agent. The as-prepared HGMC was characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, N2 adsorption. The stability of HGMC was evaluated by mimicking the start-up/shut-down conditions of fuel cells in a three-electrode system referring to the NREL standard. The obtained HGMC is of moderate surface area (187.4 m2•g-1) and is chemically stable under …
Recycling Mf Solid Waste Into Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon With Iron Carbide Complex In Graphitic Layers As An Efficient Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction,
2016
College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Eco-materials Renewable Energy Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
Recycling Mf Solid Waste Into Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon With Iron Carbide Complex In Graphitic Layers As An Efficient Catalyst For Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Can-Yun Zhao, Lin Huang, Yong You, Ying-Fang Yao, Xiao-Gang Su, Hong Wan, Jian-Guo Liu, Cong-Ping Wu
Journal of Electrochemistry
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials with iron ions are known as catalytic growth agents for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but the design and synthesis of high-performance and low-cost catalysts still remain a significant challenge. Herein, we present a cost-effective approach to dispose of MF solid waste as the precursor for the synthesis of MCFes catalyst with the favorable structure features such as the high specific surface area, abundant active sites and suitable pore structure. The results showed that the MCFe-10/10/2 had specific surface area as high as 780.7 m2•g-1 and high efficient catalytic activity comparable …
Recent Progresses In Molybdenum-Based Electrocatalysts For The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction,
2016
Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
Recent Progresses In Molybdenum-Based Electrocatalysts For The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Ze-Xing Wu, Jie Wang, Jun-Po Guo, Jing Zhu, De-Li Wang
Journal of Electrochemistry
Electrochemical catalytic production of hydrogen has been considered as a promising and sustainable strategy for clean and renewable energy technologies. Molybdenum-based non noble metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction have attracted extensive attention due to its effective catalytic performance. In this review, the recent progresses in molybdenum-carbide, phosphide, nitride and sulfide electrocatalysts are presented. In addition, the strategies to improve the catalytic performance are analyzed and the prospects for the future development trends are expected.
Rambling Between "Zhong Yong" And "Catalysis",
2016
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044;
Rambling Between "Zhong Yong" And "Catalysis", Zi-Dong Wei
Journal of Electrochemistry
“Zhong Yong” represents a traditional Chinese wisdom, which was first proposed by Confucius and continuously richened by his followers. “Zhong Yong” pursues the balances among all kinds of contradictions, and insists that neither “too much” nor “not enough” is good. For a successful catalyst, on which the adsorption of reactants must be not so strong and not so weak either. On this point of view, there are the same pursuits for “Zhong Yong” and catalysis. In this paper, the author starts his story with a conversation between Confucius and his student, followed by 3 interesting stories happening in the ancient …
Synthesis Of Structurally Ordered Platinum-Iron Catalysts With Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China;
Synthesis Of Structurally Ordered Platinum-Iron Catalysts With Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity, Ye-Zheng Cai, Ming-Chuan Luo, Fang-Hui Wang, Zhao-Nan Sun, Hong Zhu
Journal of Electrochemistry
To improve oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity of the precious metals platinum for fuel cell, the precursors of carbon-supported structurally disordered platinum-iron alloy (D-Pt3Fe/C and D-PtFe/C) catalysts with different compositions were synthesized via a modified polyol reduction method. Then, by optimizing the annealing conditions in the inert gas, we turned the structurally disordered platinum-iron alloy to the structurally ordered platinum-iron alloy (O-Pt3Fe/C and O-PtFe/C) catalysts. The structural characterizations of the as-prepared catalysts were performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results …
Syntheses Of Carbon Paper Supported High-Index Faceted Pt Nanoparticles And Their Performance In Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells,
2016
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
Syntheses Of Carbon Paper Supported High-Index Faceted Pt Nanoparticles And Their Performance In Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells, Long Huang, Mei Zhan, Yu-Cheng Wang, Yan-Fen Lin, Shuo Liu, Ting Yuan, Hui Yang, Shi-Gang Sun
Journal of Electrochemistry
Direct formic acid fuel fuels (DFAFCs) are promising energy source for portable electronic devices. Palladium (Pd) is more active than platinum (Pt) for the formic acid electrooxidation. However, the stability of Pd is much poorer than that of Pt. Unfortunately, the ultra-low natural abundance of the Pt makes it extremely expensive and limits its application as a fuel cell catalyst. Boosting both the activity and stability of Pt nanoparticles to enhance their efficiency is urgent. As previous works illustrated, nanoparticles enclosed with high-index facets usually bare a higher activity toward fuel cell related reactions than those nanoparticles with low-index facet. …
Preparation And Performance Of 3d Graphene Type Porous Carbon Employing Nano Fe(Oh)3 As Template For Oxygen Reduction Catalyst,
2016
School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong, China
Preparation And Performance Of 3d Graphene Type Porous Carbon Employing Nano Fe(Oh)3 As Template For Oxygen Reduction Catalyst, Chong-Yun Sun, Zhong-Fang Li, Xue-Wei Lu, Xi-Zhan Zhong, Yu-Rong Liu
Journal of Electrochemistry
The 3D graphene type porous carbon was prepared using coal tar pitch as carbon source and nano Fe(OH)3 as template. Optimal conditions for the catalytic oxygen reduction performance were determined as: the mass ratio of coal tar, nano Fe(OH)3 and KOH is 6:8:4; the pyrolysis temperature is 800 oC. SEM images show that the products have uniformly porous structure. TEM images demonstrate that the products are porous with foam shapes. HRTEM images further indicate that the products have formed several-layers 3D graphene structure, which are also supported by XRD and Raman data, and the pore size mainly …
Mini-Review: Possible Applications Of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (Secm) In Characterizations Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction And Oxygen Evolution Reaction,
2016
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, Liaoning, China;
Mini-Review: Possible Applications Of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (Secm) In Characterizations Of Oxygen Reduction Reaction And Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Xing-Xing Chen
Journal of Electrochemistry
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been proved to be a unique technique for combinatorial screening of localized phenomena for different electrocatalysts potentially used in new energy conversion and storage systems. This mini-review provides a brief summary of different SECM working modes, such as direct mode, feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and noise mode, which are especially applied for characterizing the oxygen reactions. Particularly, a series of important development in SECM screening of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction from the author and W. Schuhmann’s group in Germany has been highlighted and overviewed. Finally, some prospects …
Nitrogen, Fluorine Co-Doped Silk-Derived Carbon For Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction With High Performance In Alkaline Solution,
2016
School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, Shandong, 262700, China
Nitrogen, Fluorine Co-Doped Silk-Derived Carbon For Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction With High Performance In Alkaline Solution, Fang-Fang Liu, Hong-Liang Peng, Shi-Jun Liao
Journal of Electrochemistry
A high-performance, doped carbon-based catalyst was synthesized by pyrolyzing hydrothermally treated silkworm cocoon. The effects of preparation conditions and fluorine promotion on various catalysts’ performance were investigated. The catalyst prepared under optimal conditions and doped with nitrogen and fluorine possessed the high specific surface area of more than 1000 m2⋅g-1 and contained 3.5 and 7.3% (by mass, the same below) N and F, respectively. The activity of the catalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium was comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, showing both superior tolerance to methanol poisoning and better durability. Doping with fluorine …
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles : Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts For Applications In Pollution Control Technologies,
2016
The British University in Egypt
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles : Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts For Applications In Pollution Control Technologies, Hany A. Elazab Dr
Chemical Engineering
Metal oxides and Magnetic nanoparticles have been recognized as a class of nanostructured materials of current interest due to its well-known outstanding physical and chemical properties; especially when used in combination with other metal nano-particles. These kinds of nanostructured materials play an important role in many aspects of research ranging from catalysis and biology to material science, advanced technological, medical applications, and green chemistry. The metal oxide nano catalysts are also of great importance in improving the thermal-catalytic decomposition performance. The advanced and unique magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of the materials in the nano scale attracted research centers to …
Moving Horizon Estimation For An Industrial Gas Phase Polymerization Reactor,
2016
Sasol Polymers
Moving Horizon Estimation For An Industrial Gas Phase Polymerization Reactor, Jasmeer Ramhal, Kenneth V. Allsford, John Hedengren
Faculty Publications
A large-scale set of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) is used to model and control an industrial gas phase polymerization reactor. Moving horizon estimation, preceding the nonlinear control optimization, provides an estimate of the current states and unmeasured disturbances. MHE is compared to Implicit Dynamic Feedback (IDFTM)*. With MHE, there is improved estimation of unmodeled disturbances in the UNIPOLTM** polyethylene plant. The polymerization model is converted to algebraic equations by orthogonal collocation and solved with the MHE objective function in a simultaneous optimization. NOVATM, an active-set sparse NLP solver, is used to converge …
Antioxidant Potential Of Juglans Nigra, Black Walnut, Husks Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide With An Ethanol Modifier,
2016
Kettering University
Antioxidant Potential Of Juglans Nigra, Black Walnut, Husks Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide With An Ethanol Modifier, Johnathon Wenzel, Cheryl Storer Samaniego, Lihua Wang, Laron Burrows, Evan Tucker, Nathan Dwarshuis, Michelle Ammerman, Ali Zand
Chemical Engineering Publications
The black walnut, Junglas nigra, is indigenous to eastern North America, and abscission of its fruit occurs around October. The fruit consists of a husk, a hard shell, and kernel. The husk is commonly discarded in processing, though it contains phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. For this study, black walnut husks were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier. The effects of temperature, ethanol concentration, and drying of walnut husks prior to extraction upon antioxidant potential were evaluated using a factorial design of experiments. The solvent density was held constant at 0.75 g/mL. The optimal …
A Self-Sufficient Nitrate Groundwater Remediation System: Geobacter Sulfurreducens Microbial Fuel Cell Fed By Hydrogen From A Water Electrolyzer,
2016
Case Western Reserve University
A Self-Sufficient Nitrate Groundwater Remediation System: Geobacter Sulfurreducens Microbial Fuel Cell Fed By Hydrogen From A Water Electrolyzer, Julie N. Renner
Faculty Scholarship
Nitrate contamination of groundwater is a major problem, especially in farming areas where nitrogen-based fertilizers are used. Geobacter sulfurreducens electrodes were electrochemically evaluated for their ability to reduce nitrate with implications for groundwater remediation. G. sulfurreducens were optimized for nitrate reduction by modifying growth media during subculture. The Geobacter were then cast on Toray carbon paper electrodes and immobilized with pectin. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the electrodes bioelectrocatalytically reduce nitrate with an onset potential of −0.25 V vs. SCE. Amperometry was used to evaluate nitrate concentrations between 0.5 and 270 mM. The limit of detection is 8 mM with a …
