Multimodel Operability Framework For Design Of Modular And Intensified Energy Systems,
2021
West Virginia University
Multimodel Operability Framework For Design Of Modular And Intensified Energy Systems, Vitor Gazzaneo
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
In this dissertation, a novel operability framework is introduced for the process design of modular and intensified energy systems that are challenged by complexity and highly constrained environments. Previously developed process operability approaches are reviewed and further developed in terms of theory, application, and software infrastructure. An optimization-based multilayer operability framework is introduced for process design of nonlinear energy systems. In the first layer of this framework, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)-based iterative algorithm considers the minimization of footprint and achievement of process intensification targets. Then, in the second layer, an operability analysis is performed to incorporate key features of …
The Impacts Of The Net Stress And Stress Shadow On The Productivity Of Marcellus Shale Horizontal Well,
2021
West Virginia University
The Impacts Of The Net Stress And Stress Shadow On The Productivity Of Marcellus Shale Horizontal Well, Mohamed El Sgher
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Shale gas development has become a crucial part of the global oil and gas industry in recent years, especially in North America. Even though the application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques have successfully unlocked considerable reserves of natural gas in shale-gas reservoirs, production rates from unconventional reservoirs decline more rapidly than conventional reservoirs. This is because production from a reservoir results in an increase in net stress due to a reduction in the pore pressure, while overburden pressure remains constant. This leads to the reduction in permeability of both the matrix and the fissures, as well as the …
Biological Conversion Of Carbon Dioxide To Value-Added Chemicals,
2021
West Virginia University
Biological Conversion Of Carbon Dioxide To Value-Added Chemicals, Owen James Mcgrath
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
As Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere continue to rise due to human intervention, there is increased urgency to take actions to mitigate the potential ramifications. Many countries have instituted a CO2 tax and have provided funding to finding potential solutions to our growing CO2 problem. Further investigating CO2 capture, sequestration, and utilization is key to combating rising CO2 levels and methods being investigated have increased substantially in recent years. Converting CO2 into fuels and value-added chemicals provides a unique opportunity to create materials of value from a substance that is being …
3d-Printed Adsorbents For Gas Separations: A Material Development, Kinetic Assessment, And Process Performance Investigation,
2021
Missouri University of Science and Technology
3d-Printed Adsorbents For Gas Separations: A Material Development, Kinetic Assessment, And Process Performance Investigation, Shane Lawson
Doctoral Dissertations
“Adsorbent materials are promising for various gas purification processes, however, forming them into structured contactors is paramount in enhancing mass transfer properties and reducing pressure losses. In this research, various adsorbents were engineered into structured contactors with 3D printing. The overall goal of this research was to improve the formulation methods of 3D-printed adsorbents and understand their performances in gas separation processes. The specific objectives were to 1) develop new adsorbent 3D-printing strategies, 2) understand the kinetic properties of printed adsorbent monoliths, and 3) assess their process performances. Objective one was addressed by developing five 3D printing techniques: i) oxide …
Convective-Diffusive Transport In Krogh Cylinders: A Model For Pharmacokinetics,
2021
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Convective-Diffusive Transport In Krogh Cylinders: A Model For Pharmacokinetics, Xianjie Qiu
Doctoral Dissertations
"Drug delivery to inside of the tumor is the important problem. The dynamics of drug delivery is presented here. Previously and particularly for directed delivery, a stirred tank model has been used, which appears to have worked well when compared to experiments. However, the stirred tank models do not include all the mass transfer resistances and towards that end we have used a distributed system called Krogh cylinder. This study focuses on the Krogh cylinder model simulation, both on the fluid flow and the mass transfer. The capillary network is broken down into cylindrical cells, each containing a capillary and …
Investigation Of Packed Bed And Moving Bed Reactors With Benchmarking Using Advanced Measurement And Computational Techniques,
2021
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Investigation Of Packed Bed And Moving Bed Reactors With Benchmarking Using Advanced Measurement And Computational Techniques, Binbin Qi
Doctoral Dissertations
"Trickle bed reactors (TBR), as typical packed bed reactors (PBR), are widely used in various fields. Very limited information regarding the flow behaviors, hydrodynamic, and mathematical models in extrudate catalyst shapes, such as cylinders, trilobes, and quadrilobes, can be found in literatures because the major focus was on spherical shape. Therefore, a hybrid pressure drops and liquid holdup phenomenological model for extrudate catalyst shapes was developed based on two-phase volume averaged equations, which showed high accuracy against experimental data. The maldistribution and dynamic liquid holdup were investigated in quadrilobe catalyst using gamma-ray computed tomography. A pseudo-3D empirical model was developed …
Studies On Protein Solubility,
2021
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Studies On Protein Solubility, Ke Li
Doctoral Dissertations
"Solubility is a critical factor of protein-based drugs during processing and patient administration. This study focused on two aspects of solubility: one was the poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) precipitation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and another was crystallins aggregation that is associated with cataracts. Protein precipitation by PEG is a common technique for downstream processing. The effects of pH, ionic strength and the exclude volume effect on the protein precipitation by PEG were extensively studied, but the effects of glycosylation on protein precipitation by PEG has not been examined. Protein aggregation is not only a problem in downstream processing, but it …
Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation To Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Over Copper-Based Catalysts,
2021
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation To Methanol/Dimethyl Ether Over Copper-Based Catalysts, Xiao Fan
Doctoral Dissertations
Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) via CO2 hydrogenation has received great attention, owing to the global warming caused by CO2 emission and increasing energy demand worldwide. In this works, three major aspects of bifunctional catalysts development were studied: (1) investigation of the roles of interaction in the CuO-ZnO-ZrO2-Al2O3/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalysts, (2) deactivation and regeneration of CuO-ZnO-ZrO2-Al2O3 with different zeolitic catalysts for one-step CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether, and (3) study on the enhancement of activity and stability of CZZA/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalysts via the introduction of …
Strengthening Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders And Building Beams With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets,
2021
Old Dominion University
Strengthening Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders And Building Beams With Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets, Herish A. Hussein, Zia Razzaq
Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications
The effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) retrofitting and concrete type on the flexural strength of prestressed concrete I-section girders used in bridges and beams in buildings is investigated. Non-linear moment-curvature relationships are predicted using an iterative algorithm for both non-retrofitted and CFRP-retrofitted prestressed concrete girder and beam cross-sections with various concrete types. Two different CFRP-retrofitting schemes are analyzed for comparing their effectiveness. It is found that although non-retrofitted beam section exhibits greater ductility, the use of CFRP retrofitting in both tension and compression regions simultaneously results in a significant increase in flexural strength. It is also found that …
Doping Graphene With Substitutional Mn,
2021
KU Leuven
Doping Graphene With Substitutional Mn, Pin-Cheng Lin, Renan Villarreal, Simona Achilli, Harsh Bana, Maya N. Nair, Antonio Tejeda, Ken Verguts, Stefan De Gendt, Manuel Auge, Hans Hofsäss, Steven De Feyter, Giovanni Di Santo, Luca Petaccia, Steven Brems, Guido Fratesi, Lino M. C. Pereira
Advanced Science Research Center
We report the incorporation of substitutional Mn atoms in high-quality, epitaxial graphene on Cu(111), using ultralow-energy ion implantation. We characterize in detail the atomic structure of substitutional Mn in a single carbon vacancy and quantify its concentration. In particular, we are able to determine the position of substitutional Mn atoms with respect to the Moiré superstructure (i.e., local graphene-Cu stacking symmetry) and to the carbon sublattice; in the out-of-plane direction, substitutional Mn atoms are found to be slightly displaced toward the Cu surface, that is, effectively underneath the graphene layer. Regarding electronic properties, we show that graphene doped with substitutional …
Development Of Novel Inks And Approaches For Printing Tissues And Organs,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Development Of Novel Inks And Approaches For Printing Tissues And Organs, Shen Ji
Dissertations
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that investigates and develops new methods to repair, regenerate and replace damaged tissues and organs, or to develop biomaterial platforms as in vitro models. Tissue engineering approaches require the fabrication of scaffolds using biomaterials or fabrication of living tissues using cells. As the demands of customized, implantable tissue/organs are increasing and becoming more urgent, conventional scaffold fabrication approaches are difficult to meet the requirements, especially for complex large-scale tissue fabrication. In this regard, three-dimensional (3D) printing attracted more interest over the past decades due to its unrivaled ability to fabricate highly customized tissues or …
The Aging And Impacts Of Atmospheric Soot: Closing The Gap Between Experiments And Models,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
The Aging And Impacts Of Atmospheric Soot: Closing The Gap Between Experiments And Models, Ogochukwu Yvonne Enekwizu
Dissertations
The main goal of this dissertation is to generate data and parameterizations to accurately represent soot aerosols in atmospheric models. Soot from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning is a major air pollutant and a significant contributor to climate warming. The environmental impacts of soot are strongly dependent on the particle morphology and mixing state, which evolve continuously during atmospheric transport via a process known as aging. To make predictions of soot impacts on the environment, most atmospheric models adopt simplifications of particle structure and mixing state, which lead to substantial uncertainties. Using an experimentally constrained modeling approach, …
Modeling Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction In Industrial Nitrocellulose Manufacturing Processes,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Modeling Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction In Industrial Nitrocellulose Manufacturing Processes, Francis Patrick Sullivan
Dissertations
A series of models are proposed to describe the production of military grade nitrocellulose from dense cellulose materials in mixtures of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and water. This effort is conducted to provide a predictive capability for analyzing the rate and extent of reaction achieved under a range of reaction conditions used in the industrial nitrocellulose manufacturing process for sheeted cellulose materials. Because this capability does not presently exist, nitrocellulose producers have historically relied on a very narrow range of cellulose raw materials and resorted to trial and error methods to develop processing conditions for new materials. This tool enables …
Development Of Novel Membranes For Nanocarbon Enhanced Separation With Application In Biofuels And Solvent Recover,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Development Of Novel Membranes For Nanocarbon Enhanced Separation With Application In Biofuels And Solvent Recover, Oindrila Gupta
Dissertations
Pharmaceutical industries historically have had one of the highest amounts of solvent waste generated per unit of drug manufactured. Energy requirements and carbon footprint of current solvent recycling processes tend to be quite high, and the incineration of the solvents for waste disposal produces toxic air emissions. Also, rapidly increasing demand for energy and strict regulation on engine pollutant emissions have necessitated the use of alcohol as carbon-neutral fuels. Thermal distillation is one of the most common methods for the separation of alcohol-water mixtures. However, its application is limited due to energy requirements and high operating costs, and heating to …
Predicting Bulk-Scale Properties Of Pharmaceutical Powders From Their Particle-Scale Dimensionless Measures,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Predicting Bulk-Scale Properties Of Pharmaceutical Powders From Their Particle-Scale Dimensionless Measures, Kuriakose T. Kunnath
Dissertations
Loose powder packing and flowability are both important bulk properties to consider in relation to pharmaceutical tablet and capsule manufacturing. These properties as well as cohesive powder agglomeration tendency impact the efficiency of various processes such as feeding, blending, conveying, and compaction, and could have an adverse effect on final drug product. Pharmaceutical powders are often milled to fine sizes (<100 gm) for dissolution improvements via increased available surface area. However, such particle size reductions lead to inadequate bulk powder properties due to high cohesion among the individual particles. Recent work has demonstrated the ability of nano-silica dry coating techniques to significantly decrease interparticle forces without changes in particle size. In this work, the ability to predict properties such as powder bed porosity, flowability, and particle agglomeration both before and after nano-silica dry coating is examined, along with assessment of the extent of property enhancements after dry coating. Previous studies have utilized empirical approaches to build property prediction models. However, such approaches lack physical fundamentals which dictate bulk powder behavior and would be unable to account for the effects of dry powder coating. Incorporation of physics can be done via computation of the granular Bond number, as is done in this study for a large dataset of commonly used pharmaceutical powders, with wide variations in particle size, shape, density, and surface roughness. Predictive capability of current Bond number models is investigated, reasons for outliers are elucidated, and amendments to improve prediction is attempted. Overall, the aim of this work is to expand generalizability of Bond number models to a wider variety of particles, and extend its use from single powders to multi-component mixtures. The major outcome of this work is the development of a predictive framework that is expected to simplify pharmaceutical dry powder formulation development, reduce required experimental testing, and provide quantifiable estimates to aid processing route decision making.
Preparation And Characterization Of Reactive Composites Combining Boron With Mixed Oxides,
2020
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Preparation And Characterization Of Reactive Composites Combining Boron With Mixed Oxides, Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi
Theses
Thirteen liquids have been explored as Process Control Agents (PCAs) for high-energy mechanical milling of two metal oxide powders, CuO and Bi2O3, with the practical purpose to reduce the sizes of powder particles and refine their crystal structure. Multiple liquid properties have been considered to analyze their effect on evolution of both particle and crystallite sizes during milling for each oxide. Experimental data were analyzed using the δ-AICc (Akaike Information criterion) correlation function applied to linear relations between liquid properties and powder characteristics. Multiple linear correlation models were ranked based on the highest log-likelihood and the …
Effects Of Calcination Temperature Of Naturally Occurring Absorbents On Drinking Water Defluoridation,
2020
College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, University of Dodoma
Effects Of Calcination Temperature Of Naturally Occurring Absorbents On Drinking Water Defluoridation, Brenda Mndolwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Currently, in Tanzania, fluoride removal from drinking water is treated mostly using the bone char method. The method has poor acceptability in some religious communities and also causes water quality deterioration in taste and odour if the bones are not properly prepared. The use of local natural adsorbents as an alternative is feasible with limitations of high levels of other impurities in treated water. Locally available gypsum, magnesite and bauxite were converted to adsorbents through calcination. The study was conducted to determine the removal efficiency, best calcination temperature and composite ratio of the three adsorbents for the removal of fluoride …
Fermentability Of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Hydrolyzates From Aspenwood And Pinewood,
2020
Department of Chemical and Mining Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam
Fermentability Of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Hydrolyzates From Aspenwood And Pinewood, Kando Janga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The fermentability of hydrolyzates derived from two-stage concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis of Trembling aspen (Populus tremula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were investigated. Three types of hydrolyzates were produced at mild, moderate and high decrystallization severity conditions. Portions of each of the original hydrolyzates were concentrated by vacuum evaporation to increase the sugar fraction to simulate industrial applications. Both sets of hydrolyzates were fermented anaerobically using Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581. After 23 hours of fermentation, complete glucose consumption was observed for all the original hydrolyzates, with no signs of inhibition. The ethanol yields from these hydrolyzates ranged from 68% to …
Optimal Conditions Of Fermentation Of The Pichia Pastoris Yeast Expressing The Recombinant Pres2-S Protein (M-Hbsag) Of Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv),
2020
Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances
Optimal Conditions Of Fermentation Of The Pichia Pastoris Yeast Expressing The Recombinant Pres2-S Protein (M-Hbsag) Of Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv), Sasmakоv Sobirdjan, Ashirоv Оybek, Abdurakhmanоv Jaloliddin, Xasanоv Shuhrat
CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
The aim of this study is determination of optimal fermentation conditions of the Pichia pastoris yeast expressing the recombinant Pres2-S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). For this purpose we investigated the main factors influencing for the cultivation of recombinant strain of the yeast Pichia pastoris pPIC3,5-S-HBsAg - the composition of the nutrient medium, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). As a result, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the optimal concentration of methanol ≈1.0 %, which is the initiator and the only source of carbon for protein expression in the Mut+ phenotype Pichia pastoris yeast cells was determined. In the selected …
Waste Engine Oil Regeneration With Bentonite From The Navbahor Deposit,
2020
Tashkent Chemical-Technological institute
Waste Engine Oil Regeneration With Bentonite From The Navbahor Deposit, Azimova Shodiyakhon, Arslanov Sharafutdin, Turakhujayev Saidakbar, Azimov Dilmurod
CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
The aim of the study was the regeneration of used oils. The change in the conditions for the regeneration of used engine oil as a result of adsorptive cleaning with alkaline earth clay from the Navbakhor deposit has been studied. The carried-out regeneration allows almost completely removing mechanical impurities, moisture from the waste oil and helps to clarify it. The optimal conditions for regeneration have been established. The removal of secondary products formed during the use of engine oil while retaining the main components that determine the serviceability of the product has been established. By means of IR spectroscopy, as …
