Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Manual Preparation Of Eyeglasses Based On Corneal Topographical Images For Keratoconus Patients, Bassma Sabah Majeed, Faiz F. Mustafa, Nebras H. Ghaeb

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

keratoconus (KCN) is a non-inflammatory, progressive thinning process of the cornea. It is considered one of the advanced biomechanical changes on the corneal surface, and methods of treatment in late cases are special designed contact lenses or surgical intervention. The objective of this paper is to customize the standard eyeglass lens in a way so that it fits with the abnormal shape and changes of the surface of the cornea of a patient suffering from KCN disease.The proposed method here, based on manual scratching of the external surface of the standard eyeglass lens under supervising of an expert optometrist, where …

Age-Friendly Educational Buildings Primary Schools In Kerbala - A Case Study, Anwar Fadhil Hussein, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The concept of age-friendly societies has gained international attention among researchers, policy makers, and community organizations since the World Health Organization launched the Friendly Communities Project in 2006, to address challenges in some countries, as these challenges affect all aspects of society, and the educational environment represents an important joint of those joints, being the environment that is the most effective and influential in shaping human behavior. The age stage that is most affected and capable of learning and shaping behavior is of importance, which is the childhood stage. Therefore, the research focused on school buildings, as they represent an …

The Role Of Enhancing Interaction With The Natural Environment In Achieving Social Interaction For Children In Orphanage Institutions, Shamael M. W. Al Dabbagh, Zainab Khalid Rashad Al Khafaji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The child deprived of family care is considered the child most in need of attention and care. When the orphan child enters a new environment for him, it is obvious that he feels alienated, isolated, and loses the sense of interaction and communication with society. The research sees the possibility of mitigating this feeling by enhancing interaction with the natural environment within the internal spaces of the orphanage building and at the neighborhood level. In order to solve the research problem, the research adopted a hypothesis stating that "interaction with the natural environment enhances the achievement of social interaction for …

The Role Of Academic Competitions In Promoting Architectural Education: Tamayouze Excellence Award In Iraqi Architectural Education - Case Study, Nairy Mugardich Krikor, Anwar Subhi Ramadan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The importance of architectural competitions has emerged in finding the best designs, upgrading and architectural advancement in both practice and thinking. Architectural competitions have become intellectual meetings that contribute to stimulating self-learning and encouraging creativity. They act as an educational tool that leads to competition, giving motivation to the development of skills and learning, in a way that enhances the integration between architectural theory and practical practice for both engineers and architecture students. The research was concerned with studying the effective role of academic competitions in architectural education as one of the ways to improve teaching and learning, and to …

Analysis And Mitigation Of Cyber-Attacks Targeting Infrastructures Operated By Iot Systems, Raja Salih Mohammed Hasan, Nadia Mahmood Ali, Ihsan Jabbar Hasan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Numerous countries have a high impact on providing the planet with critical infrastructures offering very important services employed in different fields such as water resources management, public services, power grids, telecoms, commercials, and transportation. The increasing solutions in IoT systems made it possible to exploit internet connection services for supporting the critical infrastructures. The latest are being targeted by various types of cyber-attacks due to the advancement in internet services. Therefore, improving the security systems and the ways to detect the threats is highly required. Meanwhile, protecting the critical infrastructures from hostile cyber-attacks is of high significance. This article examines …

Reliability Assessment Model Of Network Operating System Based On Convolution Neural Network, Jamal N. Hasoon, Sarah S. Qasim, Mohammed A. Alshomali, Jane J. Stephan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The paper's subject is one of the points of fundamental significance in improving the development of complex computer systems is the effect of errors since their probability of occurrence in a widely distributed system is exceptionally high. Thus, the computer system must be dependable and provide comprehensive support for fault tolerance, fault detection, signal recovery mechanisms, failure prediction, etc. The goal is to develop a way to evaluate the reliability of the Red Hat Linux operating system utilizing data sets of system failures obtained from system injection with error reports using the Fault Injection Benchmarking and Reliability) FIBR( (for a …

Investing Traditional Architecture That Fulfills The Supreme Human Needs With Its Spiritual Dimension In Reconstruction / The Architecture Of Old Mosul City, A Case Study, Sinan Mohammad Talee Al-Saffar, Anwar Subhi Ramdan Al - Qaraghuli

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Architecture has sought since time immemorial to meet multiple human needs, starting from the basic physiological needs for human survival, psychological needs (social and individual) to needs related to human progress, such as taking into account the aesthetic and spiritual aspects, which represent the highest levels of those needs, through a set of design aspects and characteristics. This research is based on the study of the spiritual dimension of higher human needs in general that architecture seeks to meet, by studying that in the architecture of traditional cities, in particular, to enhance architectural knowledge with regard to the importance of …

The Role Of Algorithms In Formulating The Architectural Formation, Ghada Ghalib Abdul Wahab, Younis Mahmood M. Salem

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Algorithms are mathematical processes that provide step-by-step instructions for solving a specific problem. They are commonly used in computer science and other technical fields to automate processes and solve complex problems. One great application of algorithms is the generation of shapes. Algorithms can be used to create complex shapes and patterns that are difficult or impossible to create manually. We will explore how algorithms can be used as a mechanism to generate shapes by adopting the Voronoi algorithm because it provides a wide environment for creativity through new intellectual processes that may not occur at all in the human mind …

The Detection Of Android Malwares Using The Features Selection Technique, Farah Rafid Salman, Amer Abdulmajeed Abdulrahman

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The use of Android smartphones has been rising quickly as Internet-based services gain more popularity and develop. The Android operating system's enormous popularity has drawn malware attacks on these devices. It is difficult and ineffective to detect malware versions with features that modify their behavior in order to avoid detection by machine learning (ML) techniques. Effective feature selection plays a crucial role in detecting malware characteristics and reduces the dimensionality of a large dataset by removing unnecessary features that are not useful and keeping those relevant features that increase classification accuracy and detection rate. This helps to solve the problems …

A Review Of Polymer – Particles Composite Materials, Ismail Ibrahim Marhoon, Ayad Abbood Abdul Al-Hassan, Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In several engineering applications traditional materials are replacedby composite materials. Filled composite materials consist of the continuousmatrix and the filling particles. The primary purpose of introducing inorganicsolid particles into polymers is to essentially increase mechanical and physicalproperties. The wear properties of polymer composite can be changed to agreater degree by modifying the process of preparing the filled compositematerials. In the present review, a large-scale research has been conductedon the effect of wear on the composites of polymers. The effect of filler onthe polymer composites wear behavior has been thoroughly explained

Ability Of Replacing The Steel Strands By Cfrp In Pre-Stressed Concrete Girders: Art Review, Ahmed Salim Edan, Wael Shawky Abdulsahib

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are the modern,trustworthy alternatives to steel tendons and rebars. The bulk of currentresearch is devoted to establishing the feasibility of incorporating carbonfibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) into reinforced concrete girders byevaluating the strength and reliability of CFRP and concrete components.In order to improve fatigue and corrosion resistance, CFRPs are crucial.Comparing reinforced prestressed concrete bridge girders strengthenedwith conventional steel reinforcement to those reinforced with CFRPs offersthe possibility of greatly increasing service life. Also widely researchedand used in bridge engineering as a corrosion-resistant substitute for steelreinforcement is CFRP composite material. The use of carbon fiber-reinforcedplastic (CFRP) reinforcement for prestressing concrete …

A Review Article On The Performance Based Seismic Design Of Structures, Reem Hatem Ahmed, Sahar Elaiwi, Shelan Hameed Ameen

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

For the most part, seismic design builds complex structural systems using the same small number of essential structural components as non-seismic design projects. Based on the building regulations, structures are frequently designed to "withstand" the largest earthquake with a given likelihood that is projected to happen at their location. This means that by avoiding structures from collapsing, the number of fatalities must be maintained to a minimal. Seismic design involves knowing the many failure modes regarding a structure and giving it the right stiffness, strength, ductility, and layout for ensuring that these modes do not take place. In this essay, …

Corrosion Case Study On Pipeline, Kangze Ren

Corrosion Research

The Kashagan pipeline leaks were likely caused by sulfur stress corrosion cracking, a combined corrosion mechanism developed by the presence of high pressure, the high level of hydrogen sulfide(the main "ingredient" of sour gas), and poor metallurgical choice. Improper welding and poor metallurgical examination were blamed for causing the leaking issue. The purpose of the current review is to raise the alarm about the inappropriate corrosion management of Kashagan oil production and its societal and environmental consequences.

Impact Of Thermal Maturation Of The Upper Cretaceous Bituminous Limestone Of Attarat Um Ghudran Central Jordan On Calcareous Nannofossil Preservation, Mohammad Alqudah, Mohammad Al Alaween, Adam Fermor, Ezaldeen Ali, Thomas Wagner, Mohammed Hail Alhakimi, Afikah Rahim

All Works

Oil shale deposits of the Late Cretaceous from three boreholes in central Jordan were examined to assess the impact of thermal maturation on the content of nannofossils. Thermal activity has been shown to have a strong effect on organic matter content and composition but its effect on calcareous nannofossil assemblages remains inconclusive. This study aims to determine the impact of thermal maturation on nannofossil assemblages and to compare this to an estimated maturity level based on bulk geochemical analysis. Micropaleontological and geochemical analyses were conducted on 31 samples from three oil shale wells drilled in Attarat Um Ghudran central Jordan. …

Coexistence Of Specialist And Generalist Species Within Mixed Plastic Derivative-Utilizing Microbial Communities, Laura G. Schaerer, Lindsay I. Putman, Isaac Bigcraft, Emma Byrne, Daniel G. Kulas, Ali Zolghadr, Sulihat Aloba, Rebecca Ong, David Shonnard, Stephen Techtmann

Michigan Tech Publications

BACKGROUND Plastic-degrading microbial isolates offer great potential to degrade, transform, and upcycle plastic waste. Tandem chemical and biological processing of plastic wastes has been shown to substantially increase the rates of plastic degradation however, the focus of this work has been almost entirely on microbial isolates (either bioengineered or naturally occurring). We propose that a microbial community has even greater potential for plastic upcycling. A microbial community has greater metabolic diversity to process mixed plastic waste streams and has built-in functional redundancy for optimal resilience. RESULTS Here, we used two plastic-derivative degrading communities as a model system to investigate the …

Exploration Of Corona Charge As A Novel In Vitro Human T Cell Dna Transfection Method, Molly A. Skinner

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With gene-based immunotherapies on the rise to treat a multitude of diseases, the ability to genetically modify cells in a rapid and efficient fashion is necessary to keep up with demand. Gene electrotransfer (gene transfer by electroporation) is an appealing transfection method due to its low cost, high efficiency compared to other physical forms of gene delivery, and low toxicity compared to liposomal or viral vectors.

Traditional gene delivery via electroporation is done within a cuvette where the cell suspension is placed between two plate electrodes. This method requires cells to be moved from the treatment cuvette to a growth …

Neutronic Analysis Of The Byu Molten Salt Micro Reactor, Collin Bradford, Edward Mercado, Braden Clayton, Lagrande Gunnell, Andrew Larsen, Matthew Memmott

Faculty Publications

Background: With the rising need for reliable and clean energy, researchers at Brigham Young University created a molten salt microreactor (MSMR) concept to help meet the world’s growing energy demands. The MSMR is rated at 45 MWth and is uniquely capable of passively dissipating all decay heat using conduction only.

Methods: This work presents the results of the simulated neutronic behavior of the MSMR using the Monte Carlo neutronics code OpenMC with the ENDF/B-VII.1 cross-section library at steady state conditions. The specific characteristics discussed in this work are: keff, power profile, axial and radial peak power factors, Doppler coefficient of …

Strategic Optimization Of The Flushing Operations In Lubricant Manufacturing And Packaging Facilities, Swapana Jerpoth, Robert Hesketh, C. Stewart Slater, Mariano Savelski, Kirti Maheshkumar Yenkie

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Commercial lubricant industries use a complex pipeline network for the sequential processing of thousands of unique products annually. Flushing is conducted between changeovers to ensure the integrity of each production batch. An upcoming product is used for cleaning the residues of the previous batch, resulting in the formation of a commingled/mixed oil that does not match the specifications of either of the two batches. The existing operations are based on the operator’s experience and trial and error. After a selected flush time, the samples are tested for their viscosity to determine the success of a flush. The approach results in …

Evolution Of Glassy Carbon Derived From Pyrolysis Of Furan Resin, Josh Kemppainen, Ivan Gallegos, Aaron Krieg, Jacob R. Gissinger, Kristopher E. Wise, Margaret Kowalik, Julia A. King, S. Gowtham, Adri Van Duin, Gregory Odegard

Michigan Tech Publications

Glassy carbon (GC) material derived from pyrolyzed furan resin was modeled by using reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD polymerization simulation protocols to cure the furan resin precursor material are validated via comparison of the predicted density and Young's modulus with experimental values. The MD pyrolysis simulations protocols to pyrolyze the furan resin precursor is validated by comparison of calculated density, Young's modulus, carbon content, sp carbon content, the in-plane crystallite size, out-of-plane crystallite stacking height, and interplanar crystallite spacing with experimental results from the literature for furan resin derived GC. The modeling methodology established in this work can …

Mantle Flow Underneath The South China Sea Revealed By Seismic Anisotropy, Fansheng Kong, Rui Gao, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Weiwei Ding, Xiongwei Niu, Aiguo Ruan, Pingchuan Tan, Jianke Fan, Shaoping Lu, Zhengyi Tong, Liqun Cheng, Wenfei Gong, Yanghui Zhao

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It Has Long Been Established that Plastic Flow in the Asthenosphere Interacts Constantly with the overlying Lithosphere and Plays a Pivotal Role in Controlling the Occurrence of Geohazards Such as Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions. Unfortunately, Accurately Characterizing the Direction and Lateral Extents of the Mantle Flow Field is Notoriously Difficult, Especially in Oceanic Areas Where Deployment of Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBSs) is Expensive and Thus Rare. in This Study, by Applying Shear Wave Splitting Analyses to a Dataset Recorded by an OBS Array that We Deployed between Mid-2019 and Mid-2020 in the South China Sea (SCS), We Show that the …