Other Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Testing The Effectiveness Of Reflective "Cool" Pigments, Ashleigh Carpenter

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This project is an exploration of reflective "cooling" pigments used in coatings for the exterior of a structure in order to control the temperature inside. The pigments reflect sunlight to reduce the heating effect inside a structure. While the project will include the synthesis and testing of these pigments, the focus will be on the design and construction of an apparatus to test the effectiveness of these pigments. An apparatus will be constructed with a heat source and two structures of identical dimensions. The set-up will allow for the temperature of the inside of the structures to be recorded at …

Wastewater Treatment Fatty Acids For Biodiesel Production, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Wastewater scum is the thick oily substance that floats on top of the primary and secondary tanks within a wastewater treatment plant. Scum has a 30% to 60% lipid content making it an excellent resource for the biodiesel industry. Also the use of scum would reduce the cost of current management practices such as landfill disposal or incineration. In this article there is an overview of lipid byproducts currently being produced at wastewater treatment plants today. This is followed by a presentation showing a full length process for turning wastewater scum into biodiesel raw material.

Organophosphorus-Hydrazides As Potential Reactive Flame Retardants For Epoxy, Alexander B. Morgan, Vladimir Benin, Donald A. Klosterman, Abdulhamid Bin Sulayman, Mustafa Mukhtar, Mary L. Galaska

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

For structural composites used in vehicles and aircraft, flame retardant chemistries which enhance char formation and reduce heat release are preferred. Phosphorus-based and phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardants for epoxies have been well studied to date, but phosphorus hydrazides have not been studied for their flame-retardant potential in epoxy. These hydrazides offer some novel structures and they can potentially offer a combination of vapor and condensed phase flame retardant action. A series of eight compounds were systematically investigated in this study as reactive flame retardants in a bisphenol F epoxy/aliphatic amine resin system at a level of 2.5 wt% phosphorus. Results suggest …

Lipemia Levels Analysis From Human Blood Samples, Zainab Ibrahim Alshoug

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Worldwide, an estimated 31% of people who die each year have a cardiovascular disease (CVD), an all-encompassing group of diseases and conditions of the heart or blood vasculature. Access to portable, user-friendly tools to test lipid levels accurately and efficiently, without requiring large volume blood draws, will help improve access to wellness management by reducing costs and facilitating early screening and monitoring of CVD thus improving outcomes. Point of care micro or millifluidic chips to test biofluids that are integrated into detection units are an attractive measurement tool because of their potential for ease of use by patients at home …

Investigation Of The Stability Of Liquid And Air Films By Synchronized Tri-Wavelength Reflection Interferometry Microscope, Yuesheng Gao

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Liquid films are widely involved in many processes, such as froth flotation, oil extraction, foam/bubble stabilization, etc. In the meantime, air films are commonly seen in diverse fields like dust control, ink print, coating industry, and so on. Stabilities of these liquid/air films are of great importance to improve the processes. As more and more researchers are paying increasing attention to liquid/air films, tremendous efforts have been made to explore the properties of the films. On the one hand, some theoretical models have also been well developed in recent decades. State-of-the-art technologies, such as AFM, SFA, and RICM, have also …

Assessing Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Properties Under Different Thermal Treatments, Erick S. Vasquez, Evan M. Prehn, Keisha B. Walters

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Magnetic nanoparticle structures have been examined as potential carrier vehicles and substrates in a wide range of applications where they undergo mechanical, chemical and/or thermal manipulation to allow for their modification, conjugation and transport. For safe and effective use, it is imperative to not only measure the initial physicochemical and structural properties of nanomaterials, but also identify and quantify any property changes related to a loss of chemical and/or physical integrity during processing and usage conditions. In this study an assessment of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle thermal stability using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and a controlled-heating system is conducted …

Non-Invasive Detection And Assessment Of Coronary Stenosis From Blood Mean Residence Times., Javad Hashemi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Coronary artery stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of a coronary artery caused by an atherosclerotic lesion that reduces lumen space. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard method to determine the severity of coronary stenosis based on the determination of rest and hyperemic pressure fields, but requires an invasive medical procedure. Normal FFR is 1.0 and FFR RT, to account for varying volume and flow rate of individual segments. Blood_RT was computed in 100 patients who had undergone the pressure-wire FFR procedure, and a threshold for Blood_RT was determined to assess the physiological significance of a stenosis, …

Stabilization Of Bimodal Colloidal Systems Via Nanoparticle Haloing In Microgravity., Luke Hawtrey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colloidal suspensions typically contain a multi-phase system of solid particles suspended in a liquid medium. Colloids are widely used in industrial applications such as inks, paints, motor oils, foods, cosmetics, and many more. Colloidal systems are typically formed by the interaction of the attractive van der Waals forces and one or more repulsive forces. These repulsive forces include electrostatic repulsion, steric hindrance, and nanoparticle haloing. Nanoparticle Haloing (NPH) is a phenomenon discovered in 2001 as a viable method to stabilize colloidal systems of uncharged silica microparticles using highly charged zirconia nanoparticles. For this thesis the effects of NPH were tested …

Breaking Coastal Hypoxia: Destratification Of Gulf Of Mexico Deadzone To Encourage Oxygen Transport Downwards To Maintain Marine Fauna, Veda Thipparthi

LSU Master's Theses

As a consequence of seasonal eutrophication and human input, a vast hypoxic area termed The Dead Zone develops every year in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during summer along the Louisiana coastline characterized by vertical seawater density-stratification with oxygen concentrations less than 2 mg.l^-1 at the seafloor. It poses a threat to bottom-dwelling faunae and their environment which has negative ecological and economic consequences. This project aims to mitigate hypoxia by employing mechanical impellers placed at strategic water depths and locations in the Gulf. Enhanced transport of oxygen results by mixing oxygen-enriched seawater at the surface, downward into the …

The Effects Of Temperature On The Yields Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Products From The Supercritical Pyrolysis Of 1-Octene, Elizabeth Anne Hurst

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Prior to their combustion, fuels for future high-speed aircraft are expected to experience supercritical conditions, leading to the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), precursors to solid carbonaceous deposits, via pyrolytic reactions. These solid deposits can clog fuel-transfer lines, causing unsafe aircraft operation. To prevent the formation of fuel-line deposits, it is critical to understand the reaction pathways that lead to PAH formation in the supercritical fuel pyrolysis environment.

To better understand the role of large 1-alkenes in PAH formation, supercritical pyrolysis experiments with model fuel 1-octene, a representative 1-alkene product from supercritical n-alkane pyrolysis, have been performed. The …

Extraction-Photometric Determination Of Bismuth (Iii) With 1-(2-Pyridylaze)-2-Naphthol, Turabdjanov Sadritdin, Otakuzieva Vazira, Giyasov Anvar, Rakhmatullaeva Nargiza

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The conditions of selective extraction of the bismuth (III) by inert organic solvents in the presence of DMFA are established. The conditions for complex formation of the bismuth (III) with the PAN directly in the organic phase are found. It is possible to increase the sensitivity of the methodology using more sensitive azoreagents that have not found the application in practice due to their low selectivity. The effect of extraneous ions on the results of the definition of the bismuth (III) with the PAN azoreagent is investigated. In the presence of large amounts of extraneous ions the determination of bismuth …

Analysis Of Experimental Research In Determining Bubbling Extractor Mixing Zones’ Sizes, Karimov Ikromali

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

In the inner mixing zone of the tested suspended extractor, the fluid and gas flows in the stream and the external mixing zone moves in a contradictory flow. In order for these mixing zones to operate equally in hydrodynamic mode, their gas values should be equal. This is achieved by the correct selection of the dimensions of the mixing zones of the liquid and gas. The article summarizes the results of the study of the measurement of the mixing zones of the apparatus.

Study Of Amino-Acid Composition Of Seed Of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.), Nurullaeva Dilobar, Farmanova Nodira

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

For the first time, the amino acid composition of the seed oat fruit harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan was stud-ied. Chromatographic detection of amino acids was performed by the method of ascending one-dimensional paper chroma-tography; violet, red-violet and yellow staining was observed, indicating the presence of free amino acids in the raw materi-al under study. The determination of the qualitative and quantitative content of amino acids of oat fruit was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Agilent Technologies 1200 chromatograph, column 75x4.6 mm Discovery HS C18. Qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation of the concentration of …

Research Of Physical And Chemical Indicators And Food Value Of Semi-Finished Products Of Sauce-Past Of Fruits And Vegetables, Atakhanov Shukhrat, Dadamirzaev Muzaffar, Akramboev Rasuljon, Otakhanov Shokirjon

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Development of technology for the storage and processing of fruits and vegetables and an increase in the degree of consumption of pro-cessed products among the population is an urgent problem of the present time.Developed recipes for semi-finished sauce-pastes, consisting of fruits, vegetables and their mixtures, the technology of their production. These recipes rationally used sesame of Yerusalem artichoke - secondary raw materials of the canning industry, the powder of the peel of Walnuts, sunflower seeds. Used existing methods for the determination of physical-chemical parameters and nutritional value of semi-finished sauce-paste. A recipe and production technology for a semi-finished product, persim-mon …

Extraction Of The Cotton Cake By The Influence Of Pulse Electric Field, Kayimov Fazliddin, Mazhidov Qahramon

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The technology of extraction of cotton cake by the influence of a pulsed electric field on the extracted mass is researched. The dependence of the specific conductivity on the inverse temperature using the influence of a pulsed electric field has been estab-lished. The technological process of extraction of vegetable oil is accelerated and an increase in oil yield is ensured.

Hydrothermal Preparation Of Palladium Supported On Magnetite For Catalysis Applications, Saddam Alaskary

Chemical Engineering

Herein, versatile, and reproducible method to prepare Pd/Fe3O4 via hydrothermal synthesis. The vital role of this catalyst is in its potential use in CO oxidation catalysis. The Pd/Fe3O4 shows a distinctive activity. TEM images confirmed that Pd nanoparticles of 8-12 nm have a well dispersion on the surface of magnetite (Fe3O4). Moreover, the prepared catalyst is recycled with remarkable catalytic activity. This outstanding activity is mainly a direct result of the strong metal-support interaction. The defect sites in the reduced iron oxide act as nucleation centers that enable anchoring of Pd nanoparticles leading to prevention of agglomeration.

Optothermal Microbubble Assisted Manufacturing Of Nanogap-Rich Structures For Active Chemical Sensing, Farzia Karim, Erick S. Vasquez, Yvonne Sun, Chenglong Zhao

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Guiding analytes to the sensing area is an indispensable step in a sensing system. Most of the sensing systems apply a passive sensing method, which waits for the analytes to diffuse towards the sensor. However, passive sensing methods limit the detection of analytes to a picomolar range on micro/nanosensors for a practical time scale. Therefore, active sensing methods need to be used to improve the detection limit in which the analytes are forced to concentrate on the sensors. In this article, we have demonstrated the manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures for active chemical sensing. Nanogap-rich structures are manufactured from metallic nanoparticles …

Optimization And Structural Stability Of Gold Nanoparticle–Antibody Bioconjugates, Robert T. Busch, Farzia Karim, John Weis, Yvonne Sun, Chenglong Zhao

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bound with biomolecules have emerged as suitable biosensors exploiting unique surface chemistries and optical properties. Many efforts have focused on antibody bioconjugation to AuNPs resulting in a sensitive bioconjugate to detect specific types of bacteria. Unfortunately, bacteria thrive under various harsh environments, and an understanding of bioconjugate stability is needed. Here, we show a method for optimizing Listeria monocytogenes polyclonal antibodies bioconjugation mechanisms to AuNPs via covalent binding at different pH values, from 2 to 11, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, NaOH, HCl conditions. By fitting Lorentz curves to the amide I and II regions, we …

Recycling Of The Mixture Resulted From Sanitary Ware Waste, Roller Kiln Waste And Ceramic Tiles Sludge Waste In The Manufacturing Of Ceramic Floor Tiles, Mai H. Roushdy

Chemical Engineering

Ceramic tiles industry is a big source for wastes that have a bad effect on the environment. The first source of waste is associated with roller kilns as it needs a periodic surface grinding to its rollers which results in a waste powder. The second type of waste is ceramic tiles sludge which produced from a water treatment plant. The third waste is sanitary ware waste which coming out from sanitary ware industry. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the ability of substituting part of the main body mixture of floor tiles by these three types of …

Computational And Experimental Approach To Understanding The Structural Interplay Of Self-Assembled End-Terminated Alkanethiolates On Gold Surfaces, Juganta K. Roy, Erick S. Vasquez, Henry P. Pinto, Swati Kumari, Keisha B. Walters, Jerzy Leszcynski

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Applications of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on surfaces are prevalent in modern technologies and drives the need for a better understanding of the surface domain architecture of SAMs. To explore structural interaction at the interface between gold surfaces and a hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiol, 11-hydroxy-1-undecanethiol, (C11TH) we have employed a combined computational and experimental approach. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out on the thiol–gold interface using both the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and van der Waals (optB86b) density functionals. Our ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations revealed that the interface consists of four different distinguished phases, each with different C11TH orientations. Experiments involved …