Agricultural Science Commons^™

Colonization Of Zea Mays By The Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus, Nikita Eskin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

To achieve high yields, corn fields are supplemented with nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers account for a significant portion of production costs, and are harmful to the environment. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium supplies its natural host sugarcane with a significant amount of nitrogen. This study investigated the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in seven different corn genotypes consisting of sweet and grain corn via three different methods of inoculation: soil drench, root dip, and aseptic inoculation. Sucrose content of the corn genotypes and nitrogenase activity were also analysed. Colonization was confirmed by PCR analysis. G. diazotrophicus colonization was detected using …

Escape From Preferential Retention Following Repeated Whole Genome Duplications In Plants, James C. Schnable, Xiaowu Wang, J. Chris Pires, Michael Freeling

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The well supported gene dosage hypothesis predicts that genes encoding proteins engaged in dose–sensitive interactions cannot be reduced back to single copies once all interacting partners are simultaneously duplicated in a whole genome duplication. The genomes of extant flowering plants are the result of many sequential rounds of whole genome duplication, yet the fraction of genomes devoted to encoding complex molecular machines does not increase as fast as expected through multiple rounds of whole genome duplications. Using parallel interspecies genomic comparisons in the grasses and crucifers, we demonstrate that genes retained as duplicates following a whole genome duplication have only …

Weed Science Research Summaries 2011, K. L. Smith, J. A. Bullington, R. C. Doherty, J. R. Meier

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Modeling Of Soil Sealing By Urban Sprawl In Wukro, Ethiopia Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Soil sealing is the covering of the soil surface with materials like concrete and stone, as a result of new buildings, roads, parking places but also other public and private space. Soil sealing by urban sprawl continues to increase all over the world where the area of urbanized land is increasing even more rapidly than the population. The degree of sealing is associated to the land use type and the density of population. Techniques of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) have been used widely to measure urban sprawl and to analyze the spatial features and unique mechanism of …

Gis Spatial Modeling For Land Degradation Assessment In Tigray, Ethiopia., Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Ahmed Harb Rabia A.H. Rabia

Land degradation can be described as reduction in the present and prospective land quality and production, due to natural or anthropogenic dynamics. This phenomenon is one of the most important problems facing farmers and decision makers in several countries. This study aims to use GIS spatial modeling to quantify land (physically and chemically) degradation in the study area based on remotely sensed and field survey’s data. A GIS spatial model has been developed based on the LADA- FAO methodology to apply a land degradation assessment in the study area. Final land degradation map has been produced by combining the outputs …

Multifunctionality In U.S. Rice Production: A Logit Analysis In Farmers Participation, Juan Tur Cardona

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Multifunctional agriculture is particularly fundamental to some working lands conservation policies and programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP), Conservation Security Program (CSP) and Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP). Farmers can also be engaged in providing recreational and agri-tourism services such as hunting, fishing, bird-watching, farm tours, petting zoos and hospitality services. Using the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) we analyze factors associated with participation in conservation, recreation and agri-tourism activities as a function of farm structure, farm financial measures, production practices, and socio-demographic characteristics of the farm operator. To estimate the functional relationships we estimate a binary …

Herbicide Resistance Mechanism(S) In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne Ssp. Multiflorum) Populations In The Southern United States, Reiofeli Algodon Salas

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Italian ryegrass is a principal weed problem in wheat production fields in the Southern US. Resistance to herbicides diclofop, mesosulfuron, and pinoxaden among ryegrass populations has been reported. Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass populations were identified in Desha County, Arkansas. This research aimed to 1) determine resistance patterns to ACCase (diclofop and pinoxaden) and ALS (imazamox, mesosulfuron, and pyroxsulam) herbicides among Italian ryegrass populations from the southern US; 2) determine if cytochrome P450-mediated enhanced herbicide metabolism contributed to resistance; and 3) elucidate the resistance mechanism to glyphosate in four Arkansas populations (Des03, Des05, Des14, and D8). For objective 1, 30 accessions from …

Identification And Confirmation Of Ssr Markers And Qtl For Seed Calcium Content And Hardness Of Soybean, Moldir Orazaly

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The health benefits and the nutritional values of soyfood products have expanded the demand for food-grade soybean varieties. For whole soyfood products such as natto, small seeded varieties with proper texture are essential. Seed calcium content and hardness are main factors in determining the seed texture. Utilizing molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for marker assisted selection (MAS) has been an efficient technique for breeders. To find molecular markers associated with a trait is an initial step. The confirmation of QTL in different environments and in different genetic backgrounds is important for MAS. The objectives of this research …

Cotton Response To High Temperature Stress During Reproductive Development, Justin B. Phillips

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Temperature is a primary controller of the rate of plant growth, developmental events, and fruit maturation. Increased temperatures from global climate change are projected to cause substantial losses in crop productivity by the end of the twenty-first century. Elevated temperatures affect all stages of cotton development, but the crop seems to be particularly sensitive to adverse temperatures during reproductive development. In Arkansas, temperature stress is considered to be one of the main factors affecting cotton yield. Environmental stress during floral development is a major reason for the disparity between actual and potential yields. Field and growth chamber studies were conducted …

Chemical Responses Of Two Deciduous Trees After 10-Years Of Exposure To Free Air Co2 Enrichment, Keonhee Kim

Masters Theses

Globally, the mean atmospheric carbon dioxide level has risen steadily since pre-industrial times, which is largely attributable to human activities such as increased emissions from fossil fuel burning, and clearing of forests. Numerous research efforts have been made to understand responses of trees in higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in short term, small-scale experiments. To overcome the limitations of these experiments and understand the response of trees in a natural environment, the Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) project was proposed. FACE is a global project that involves experimentally enriching carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of terrestrial ecosystems. The FACE …

Molecular Marker Assisted Development And Stability Analysis Of Low Phytate, High Inorganic Phosphorus Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merrill], Suzannah Joy Wiggins

Masters Theses

Phytate [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is a mixed cation salt of phytic acid which binds to other minerals, in many field crops including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Livestock with monogastric digestive systems lack the ability to break bonds between phytate and these minerals, causing phytate phosphorus (P) to be excreted in the waste and contributing to possible P and other mineral deficiencies. Discovery of single sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with low phytate QTL (cqPha-001 and cqPha-002) have aided in development of low phytate soybean lines. The objectives of this study were …

Strawberry Growth, Yield, Fruit Nutrition, And Control Of Verticillium Wilt With Pre-Plant Soil Fumigants, Ozone, And Biological Control, Justin J. Scurich

Master's Theses

Verticillium wilt is a widespread soilborne disease of strawberry historically controlled by soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). MB was banned by the United Nations in 1995 and will be completely phased out by 2015. Research has concentrated on alternative methods of disease control without finding a single alternative able to replace MB in widespread disease control and yield increase. For the current study, strawberries were greenhouse grown in container pots filled with soil from both infested and non-infested areas of a commercial strawberry field in Watsonville, CA. Treatments included pre-plant soil fumigation with commercially available formulations of methyl bromide, …

Use Of Cti Grinders For Sorghum Flour Production And Utilization: Final Report, Vilma Ruth Calderón De Zacatares, Lily Marisol López, Kris Emillee Duville, Carla Elizabeth Bermúdez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

The use of sorghum for human consumption to add value to the crop and increase its profitability, especially for small and medium producers, has contributed to food security and nutrition in El Salvador. CENTA is promoting the cultivation of sorghum as an alternative to food production in rural and urban areas. Since 2010 when wheat prices lower again, sorghum was no more an alternative to replace wheat in certain types of food, but is being used in more stable markets, as people allergic to gluten, people with diabetes and to correct nutritional deficiencies such as iron deficiency anemia because of …

Arkansas Turfgrass Report 2010, Douglas Karcher, Aaron Patton, Michael Richardson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Laboratory Method To Estimate Rain-Induced Splitting In Cultivated Blueberries, Kenneth Curry

Kenneth J. Curry

Preharvest rainfall that occurs when fruit are fully ripe or approaching full ripeness can result in detrimental fruit splitting in rabbiteve and southern highbush blueberries. This study was initiated to develop a laboratory method to model rain-related incidence of splitting in cultivated blueberries with the goal of predicting the incidence of splitting in blueberry cultivars and selections. Multiyear field surveys of rabbiteye and southern highbush cultivars show that the incidence of rain-related splitting is strongly cultiva-dependent. Laboratory values for forced splitting and naturally occurring rain-related field splitting data show a strong correlation indicating that the incidence of fruit splitting can …

Proceedings Of The 39th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 7-8, 2012, Pensacola Beach, Florida), Tom Allen, Boyd Padgett, Danise Beadle, Stephen R. Koenning

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Symposium: Soybean Nematodes: Their Status, Impact and Management

The Current Status of Nematodes of Soybean in Louisiana and Arkansas. Charles Overstreet, Edward C McGawley, Melea Martin, and Terry Kirkpatrick

A Molecular Analysis of Resistance of Soybean to the Soybean Cyst Nematode. Vincent Klink

Racism in Nematology. Terry Niblack

SCN-resistant Soybeans, HG types, Yield, and SCN Reproduction: How It All Comes Together in the Field in Iowa. Gregory Tylka

Soybean Lines Evaluated for Resistance to Reniform Nematode. Sally Stetina

Graduate student presentations (Boyd Padgett, moderator)

Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora kikuchii, a Major Pathogen of Louisiana Soybean. Trey Price

Variation …

Sugar-Enhanced Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2011, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Indiana growers harvested sweet corn for fresh market sales from 6,500 acres in 2010, with an average yield of 92 cwt/acre (219 crates or 4.6 tons per acre) and total value of $14.4 million (USDA NASS, 2011). Indiana ranks 13th among states for production of fresh market sweet corn. The 2007 USDA Ag Census reported 603 Indiana farms producing sweet corn for fresh markets and 51 farms selling to processors. Sweet corn fields for fresh market sales are located throughout the state. In northern Indiana, bicolor corn is most commonly grown. Varieties with improved eating quality are of interest to …

Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2011, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

Indiana growers harvested sweet corn for fresh market sales from 6,500 acres in 2010, with an average yield of 92 cwt/acre (219 crates or 4.6 tons per acre) and total value of $14.4 million (USDA NASS, 2011). Indiana ranks 13th among states for production of fresh market sweet corn. The 2007 USDA Ag Census reported 603 Indiana farms producing sweet corn for fresh markets and 51 farms selling to processors. Sweet corn fields for fresh market sales are located throughout the state. In northern Indiana, bicolor corn is most commonly grown. Varieties with improved eating quality are of interest to …

Sugar-Enhanced Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2011, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Indiana growers harvested sweet corn for fresh market sales from 6,500 acres in 2010, with an average yield of 92 cwt/acre (219 crates or 4.6 tons per acre) and total value of $14.4 million (USDA NASS, 2011). Indiana ranks 13th among states for production of fresh market sweet corn. The 2007 USDA Ag Census reported 603 Indiana farms producing sweet corn for fresh markets and 51 farms selling to processors. Sweet corn fields for fresh market sales are located throughout the state. In northern Indiana, bicolor corn is most commonly grown. Varieties with improved eating quality are of interest to …

Arkansas Cotton Variety Test 2011, Fred M. Bourland, A. B. Beach, D. P. Roberts Jr.

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Test is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant.