Agricultural Innovation To Protect The Environment, 2013 James Cook University
Agricultural Innovation To Protect The Environment, Jeffrey Sayer, Kenneth Cassman
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
In a world of 9.5 billion people, global demand for food, fiber, and biofuels has to be met with minimal possible increases in land, water, fossil fuels, and the minerals used to produce fertilizers (1–4). The problem is debated at three levels: first, that agriculture will not be able to produce enough because it will come up against both biophysical and environmental limits that restrict yields (3, 5, 6); second, that the need to expand and intensify agriculture will destroy the broader environmental values of forests, wetlands, marine systems, and their associated biodiversity (7–9); and third, that there are institutional …
New Technologies Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Nitrogenous Fertilizer In China, 2013 China Agricultural University
New Technologies Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Nitrogenous Fertilizer In China, Wei-Feng Feng, Zheng-Xia Dou, Pan He, Xiao-Tang Ju, David Powlson, Dave Chadwick, David Norse, Yue-Lai Lu, Ying Zhang, Liang Wu, Xin-Ping Chen, Kenneth Cassman, Fu-Suo Zhang
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has played a key role in enhancing food production and keeping half of the world’s population adequately fed. However, decades of N fertilizer overuse in many parts of the world have contributed to soil, water, and air pollution; reducing excessive N losses and emissions is a central environmental challenge in the 21st century. China’s participation is essential to global efforts in reducing N-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because China is the largest producer and consumer of fertilizer N. To evaluate the impact of China’s use of N fertilizer, we quantify the carbon footprint of China’s N …
Evaluation Of Public Sweet Sorghum A-Lines For Use In Hybrid Production, 2013 USDA-ARS
Evaluation Of Public Sweet Sorghum A-Lines For Use In Hybrid Production, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Scott E. Sattler, William F. Anderson
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
A fundamental need for commercialization of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] as a bioenergy crop is an adequate seed supply, which will require development of hybrid varieties using dwarf seed-parent lines. A set of six public sweet sorghum A-lines (Dwarf Kansas Sourless, KS9, N36, N38, N39, and N4692) were crossed with a set of six public sweet sorghum cultivars (Brawley, Kansas Collier, Dale, Sugar Drip, Waconia, and Wray). Grain, fiber, and sugar yields were determined, and conversion formulas were applied to estimate ethanol yields. Hybrids were grown in fields at Ithaca, NE, USA, in 1983– 1984 fertilized with …
Sorghum Transformation: Overview And Utility, 2013 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Sorghum Transformation: Overview And Utility, Tejinder Kumar, Arlene Howe, Shirley Sato, Ismail M. Dweikat, Tom E. Clemente
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Over the past decade genomics resources available for sorghum have rapidly expanded (Paterson Int J Plant Genomics 2008:6, 2008), these resources, coupled with the recent completion of the genome sequence which is relatively small in size (730 Mb) (Paterson et al. Nature 457:551–556, 2009) makes sorghum a rather attractive species to study. Moreover, the USDA germplasm system maintains 42,614 accessions, of which more than 800 exotic landraces have been converted to day length-insensitive lines to facilitate their use in breeding programs. In addition, a set of EMS mutation stocks developed by the USDA Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit in …
Critical Research Needs For Successful Food Systems Adaptation To Climate Change, 2013 University of Wisconsin
Critical Research Needs For Successful Food Systems Adaptation To Climate Change, Michelle Miller, Molly Anderson, Charles A. Francis, Chad Kruger, Carol Barford, Jacob Park, Brent H. Mccown
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
There is a growing sense of the fragility of agricultural production in the Global North and South and of increasing risks to food security, as scientific observations confirm significant changes in the Gulf Stream, polar ice, atmospheric CO2, methane release, and other measures of climate change. This sense is heightened as each of us experiences extreme weather, such as the increasing frequency of droughts, floods, unseasonal temperatures, and erratic seasonality. The central research challenge before us is how global, national, regional, and local food systems may adapt to accelerating climate change stresses and uncertainties to ensure the availability, …
Evaluación De La Palatabilidad De Eugenia Myrtifolia, Justicia Carnea Y Monstera Deliciosa Con Potencial Para La Alimentación De Marimonda Ateles Fusciceps Robustus, En La Fundación Zoológico Santacruz, Cundinamarca, 2013 Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá
Evaluación De La Palatabilidad De Eugenia Myrtifolia, Justicia Carnea Y Monstera Deliciosa Con Potencial Para La Alimentación De Marimonda Ateles Fusciceps Robustus, En La Fundación Zoológico Santacruz, Cundinamarca, Ana Maria Luna Cruz, Sonia Esther Montaña Restrepo
Zootecnia
Se evaluó la palatabilidad de tres especies vegetales ornamentales, con potencial para alimentacion de la Marimonda (Ateles fusciceps robustus) en la Fundación Zoológico Santacruz, mediante una prueba de cafetería con una duración de 35 días (5 acostumbramiento, 15 palatabilidad, 15 de selectividad), con mediciones de consumo de forraje verde de planta completa, hoja y tallo. Para el estudio se utilizaron 8 (7 hembras y 1 macho) primates en estado adulto, con un peso promedio de 8,5 kg, los tres tratamientos fueron T1= Eugenia myrtifolia, T2= Justicia carnea y T3=Monstera deliciosa. Para el análisis de los resultados se uso un diseño …
Short-Term Denitrification In The Metalimnion Of A Eutrophic Reservoir, 2013 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Short-Term Denitrification In The Metalimnion Of A Eutrophic Reservoir, Aki Kogo, Erin M. Grantz, Thad Scott
Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences
Denitrification in metalimnetic water was examined under different conditions to determine how addition of nitrate (NO3 -) and particulate carbon (PC), aeration, and concentrations of nitrate affect denitrification. In the first experiment, water samples from a metalimnion were treated with different combinations of NO3 - and PC. Changes in excess N2 -N concentration for 10 days were measured using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). The second experiment used the same treatments as the first experiment after aeration of water. Besides excess N2 -N concentrations, O2 concentrations were measured for 16 days. The third experiment examined how different initial concentrations of …
Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2012, 2013 Purdue University - Main Campus
Supersweet Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2012, Elizabeth Maynard
Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports
Indiana growers harvested sweet corn for fresh market sales from 5,800 acres in 2011, with an average yield of 67 cwt/acre (159 crates or 3.3 tons per acre) and a total value of $17.9 million (USDA NASS, 2012). Indiana ranked 15th among states for production of fresh market sweet corn and produced about 1.3% of the nation’s total in 2011. The 2007 USDA Ag Census reported 603 Indiana farms producing sweet corn for fresh markets and 51 farms selling to processors. Sweet corn fields for fresh market sales are located throughout the state. In northern Indiana, bicolor corn is most …
Sugar-Enhanced And Synergistic Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2012, 2013 Purdue University - Main Campus
Sugar-Enhanced And Synergistic Sweet Corn Cultivar Evaluation For Northern Indiana, 2012, Elizabeth Maynard
Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports
Indiana growers harvested sweet corn for fresh market sales from 5,800 acres in 2011, with an average yield of 67 cwt/acre (159 crates or 3.3 tons per acre) and a total value of $17.9 million (USDA NASS, 2012). Indiana ranked 15th among states for production of fresh market sweet corn and produced about 1.3% of the nation’s total in 2011. The 2007 USDA Ag Census reported 603 Indiana farms producing sweet corn for fresh markets and 51 farms selling to processors. Sweet corn fields for fresh market sales are located throughout the state. In northern Indiana, bicolor corn is most …
Experiments To Measure The Effects Of Timber Harvesting Equipment On Surface Lithic Scatters, 2013 Central Washington University
Experiments To Measure The Effects Of Timber Harvesting Equipment On Surface Lithic Scatters, Douglas J. Baughman
All Master's Theses
The importance of cultural resource preservation cannot be overstated; however local economies are at least as important. Due to conservative archaeological site protection practices in Region 5 of the United States Forest Service, the economy of Northeastern California is being adversely affected. In an attempt to help the Forest Service make more informed management decisions and improve the Northeastern California economy, I undertook experiments on the effects of timber harvesting on lithic scatters on Modoc National Forest. The experiments involved placement of 225 glass tiles (proxy lithics) in each of three plots subject to vehicle traffic and log dragging by …
Twin And Narrow Row Width Effects On Corn (Zea Mays L.) Yield And Weed Management, 2013 University of Kentucky
Twin And Narrow Row Width Effects On Corn (Zea Mays L.) Yield And Weed Management, Grant Mackey
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) has been grown in North America for many centuries, and an increase in corn production will continue to be needed. Agriculture producers must meet the demands of feeding and providing for an increasing population of people. In order to meet those needs, different production practices are being investigated as a way to increase grain yield.
Field plots were conducted across the state of Kentucky in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the interaction between hybrid, row width, and plant density on corn yield. The primary objectives were to test if 1) narrower rows increase …
Differentially Expressed Genes In Populus Simonii×Populus Nigra In Response To Nacl Stress Using Cdna-Aflp, 2012 Northeast Forestry University
Differentially Expressed Genes In Populus Simonii×Populus Nigra In Response To Nacl Stress Using Cdna-Aflp, Lei Wang, Boru Zhou, Lili Wu, Baozhu Guo, Tingbo Jiang
Dr Lei Wang
Salinity is an important environmental factor limiting growth and productivity of plants, and affects almost every aspect of the plant physiology and biochemistry. The objective of this study was to apply cDNA-AFLP and to identify differentially expressed genes in response to NaCl stress vs. no-stress in Populus simonii × Populus nigra in order to develop genetic resources for genetic improvement. Selective amplification with 64 primer combinations allowed the visualization of 4407 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), and 2027 were differentially expressed. Overall, 107 TDFs were re-sequenced successfully, and 86 unique sequences were identified in 10 functional categories based on their putative functions. …
False Smut Of Rice: Histological Analysis Of Infection, 2012 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
False Smut Of Rice: Histological Analysis Of Infection, Liem Thi Thanh Nguyen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
False smut of rice, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi (Teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), has become a common disease in most major rice growing regions throughout the world. Considerable confusion exists regarding the infection process and the disease cycle. Therefore, a clearer understanding of pathogenesis caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is critical for future efforts to develop genetic and chemical tools to manage false smut in Arkansas and other regions of the world. The overall goal of this research was to clarify the infection process underlying false smut, with emphasis on comparing and contrasting the histological basis of root and foliar infections. …
Evaluation Of The Recombination Efficiencies Of Flp Proteins, 2012 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Evaluation Of The Recombination Efficiencies Of Flp Proteins, Linh Duy Nguyen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Site-specific recombination systems are powerful tools for genetic modification. They have been used to integrate a transgene into a pre-defined locus and to remove marker genes from a transgene locus. Two of the most widely used site-specific recombination systems in plants are the Cre/lox system from the bacteriophage P1 and the FLP/FRT system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Cre/lox system is well-characterized and is the first choice in application of site-specific recombination system. However, some applications such as marker-free site-specific gene integration require the use of two recombination systems. In addition, the availability of alternative recombination systems can offer …
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation: Evaluation Of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (Asd) For Warm-Season Vegetable Production In Tennessee, 2012 University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation: Evaluation Of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (Asd) For Warm-Season Vegetable Production In Tennessee, David Grant Mccarty
Masters Theses
Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a non-chemical, pre-plant soil treatment recently developed for control of pests such as soilborne plant pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes, and weeds in specialty crop systems. Soil treatment by ASD includes incorporating a labile carbon (C) source, tarping with plastic, and irrigation of the topsoil to saturation to facilitate the development of strongly anaerobic soil conditions driven by soil microbes. Processes occurring during the anaerobic decomposition of the added C source have been reported control plant pests. The goal of this project was to evaluate and adapt the ASD procedure to environmental conditions and production systems in …
Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2012, 2012 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2012, R. D. Bond, D. G. Dombek, J. A. Still, R. M. Pryor
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
Soybean variety and strain performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Arkansas Crop Variety Improvement Program. The tests provide information to companies developing varieties and/or marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating variety recommendations for soybean producers.
Breeding For Modified Seed Composition In Soybean: Selection Of Genotypes, Yield Stability, And Environmental Effects, 2012 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Breeding For Modified Seed Composition In Soybean: Selection Of Genotypes, Yield Stability, And Environmental Effects, Luciano Miguel Jaureguy
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The development of cultivars with modified seed composition represents an excellent alternative to cope with the world's need for more nutritious food. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors controlling crop seed quality traits is of crucial importance for such an endeavor. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the efficiency of phenotype and marker-assisted selection for low stachyose and low phytate soybean breeding lines, and their yield stability, b) to study the effect of management practices planting date and delayed harvest on soybean seed composition, and c) to study the potential association between soil properties and leaf chemical …
Ecology And Invasive Properties Of Musk Thistle (Carduus Nutans) In The Central Prairies Of Nebraska, 2012 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Ecology And Invasive Properties Of Musk Thistle (Carduus Nutans) In The Central Prairies Of Nebraska, Chengchou Han
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) is an herbaceous monocarpic herb introduced to the U. S. from Eurasia. The invasion of musk thistle can reduce forage area, soil stability, and reduce recreation and open areas for humans and wildlife.
Resistance of warm season and cool season perennial grass communities to musk thistle invasion is important for land managers to consider, especially where disturbance has made an area particularly susceptible. Our results show that disturbances, such as overgrazing can open up niches in canopies of warm season grass communities and facilitate invasion but not in cool season grass communities. The mechanism …
Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Smooth Bromegrass Pasture Under Nitrogen Fertilizer And Ruminant Urine Application In Eastern Nebraska, 2012 University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Smooth Bromegrass Pasture Under Nitrogen Fertilizer And Ruminant Urine Application In Eastern Nebraska, Laura K. Snell
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas primarily produced in soils by denitrifying and nitrifying organisms. Agricultural soils account for 70% of emissions in the United States, but little data is available for contributions from managed pasture ecosystems. This study focused on the production of N2O in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures established on silt loam soils in eastern Nebraska. Thirty smooth bromegrass plots (1.5m x 1.5m) were treated with five different fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N/ha) and two urine treatments (urine and no urine). Herbage sampling was taken …
Meta-Analysis Of Wheat Qtl Regions Associated With Heat And Drought Stress, 2012 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Meta-Analysis Of Wheat Qtl Regions Associated With Heat And Drought Stress, Marlovi Andrea Acuna Galindo
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Heat and drought are the two most important environmental constraints to wheat production globally, are often present simultaneously and will become more severe with global climate change. This presents a unique challenge to wheat scientists who must work to develop wheat cultivars that are productive and adapted to future environmental conditions. A number of recent studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with heat and drought tolerance, as well as QTL for stress adaptive traits such as the availability of stem carbohydrates or crop canopy temperature. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of these QTL …