Other Animal Sciences Commons^™

Sceloporus Clarkii—Nocturnal Foraging, Christopher Blair, Noberto Martinez-Mendez, Rafael A. Lara-Resendiz

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Applicability Of The Self-Fulfillment Account Of Welfare To Nonhuman Animals, Babies, And Mentally Disabled Humans, Tatjana Visak, Jonathan Balcombe

Sentience Collection

In this paper we will argue that generality is a virtue of Haybron’s account of welfare. Indeed, reflecting on the applicability of his theory to nonhuman animals will give us a better understanding of its applicability to humans. We will first focus on self-fulfillment and suggest an interpretation of Haybron’s account according to which the self-fulfillment of an individual consists in the fulfillment of the aspects of the self that are applicable to that particular individual. This makes Haybron’s account of welfare applicable to all sentient beings. Then we will focus on sub-personal nature-fulfillment and argue that the same interpretation …

Are Apes’ Responses To Pointing Gestures Intentional?, Olivia Sultanescu, Kristin Andrews

Sentience Collection

This paper examines the meaningfulness of pointing in great apes. We appeal to Hannah Ginsborg’s conception of primitive normativity, which provides an adequate criterion for establishing whether a response is meaningful, and we attempt to make room for a conception according to which there is no fundamental difference between the responses of human infants and those of other great apes to pointing gestures. This conception is an alternative to Tomasello’s view that pointing gestures and reactions to them reveal a fundamental difference between humans and other apes.

Great Ape Mindreading: What’S At Stake?, Kristin Andrews

Ethology Collection

Humans and other great apes are similar in so many ways. We share an extended immaturity and intense infant-caregiver relationships, group living situations, cultural transmission of technology, and many emotions and cognitive capacities. Yet the communities of nonhuman apes are also very different from human communities. Humans build lasting tools, and store them to use later. We build permanent sleeping and living structures. We cook our food. We have courts of law and prisons and ethics books. There are vast technological differences between humans and nonhuman great apes. What is it that accounts for such a difference? On one account, …

The Buzz On Bees, Rebecca Ruiz

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

Apis mellifera, more commonly known as the honeybee, plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem and in the survival of the planet. Many do not understand, nor realize, that the honeybee offers a wide array of products and services besides sweet honey. Honeybees have become endangered at a time when their presence is vital and evidence indicates that they can be the means to a more sustainable future for our planet. Particularly focused on in this research are the ideas of honeybees’ essential presence in medical advances, their participation in global economics, and their involvement in the development of …

Calf Health And Performance During Receiving Is Not Changed By Fence-Line Preconditioning On Flint Hills Range Vs. Drylot Preconditioning (2013), E.A. Bailey, G.W. Preedy, L.A. Pacheco, John R. Jaeger, Justin W. Waggoner, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ranch-of-origin preconditioning can improve the welfare and performance of beef calves by decreasing the stress associated with weaning, transport, diet change, and commingling with other calves. Preconditioning methods that involve pasture weaning coupled with maternal contact (i.e., fence-line weaning) have been promoted as possible best management practices for minimizing stress. Prior studies focused on performance and behavior during preconditioning on the ranch of origin. Little information has been published relating to carryover effects of fence-line preconditioning compared with conventional drylot preconditioning on performance and behavior during feedlot receiving. Our objectives were to measure growth and health during a 28-day ranch-of-origin …

Insecticide Ear Tags Numerically Improve Grazing Cattle Performance (2013), S.E. Hill, Brandon E. Oleen, William R. Hollenbeck, Christopher I. Vahl, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Stocker cattle grazing pastures during the summer months face challenges due to horn flies, which can result in reduced weight gains and less efficient use of forages. One strategy for controlling horn flies is insecticide-impregnated ear tags. The use of pesticide ear tags may be an effective management practice to improve overall productivity during a grazing season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide ear tags as a means of improving growth of stocker calves grazing native pastures in the Flint Hills region of Kansas.

Ultrasound Technology Has Limited Ability To Predict Carcass Yield Grade Of Lightweight, Short-Fed Stocker Cattle (2013), S.J. Lawrence, S.E. Kreider, James J. Higgins, L. Allen, M.P. Epp, P. Ritter, Dale A. Blasi, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The majority of cattle fed in commercial feedlots are processed and placed into pens without sorting into groups of uniform size and body condition. As a result of the variability in weight and condition, this management practice may lead to some cattle being fed beyond their optimal harvest point, whereas others are underconditioned and harvested prematurely, and thus fail to reach desired weight or quality grade necessary to attract available carcass premiums. Our objective was to determine if ultrasound technology could be utilized with lightweight calves as a means of predicting carcass fat thickness and yield grade outcomes. If successful, …

Hydrated Lime Matrix Decreases Ruminal Biohydrogenation Of Flaxseed Fatty Acids (2013), C.A. Alvarado, C.C. Aperce, E. Van Cleef, K.A. Miller, C.L. Van Bibber-Krueger, F. Scarpino, D. Klamfoth, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for humans, but dietary intake of these nutrients by many Americans is inadequate due to low consumption of omega-3-rich foods such as fish, walnuts, and flaxseed. In contrast, per capita consumption of red meat is relatively high, but these products normally contain only small amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Feeding cattle diets that contain omega-3 fatty acids has consistently increased the proportion of the desirable fats that accumulate in beef. Unfortunately, the proportion of dietary omega-3 fats that are deposited into beef tissues is relatively low, because microorganisms within the rumen biohydrogenate the unsaturated …

Uso De Papilla De Plátano Musa Paradisiaca Más Hidratante Como Complemento En La Alimentación De Lechones En Lactancia, Diego Arturo Martínez, Felipe Casas Zamora

Zootecnia

En la actualidad existen muchas alternativas de complementación alimenticia en la etapa de lactancia para obtener lechones mas pesados al destete y que a su vez desencadenan procesos digestivos que les ayuda a acoplarse mejor al cambio de dieta de liquida a sólida. Dichos suplementos van desde yogures probióticos hasta papillas comerciales pasando por la inclusión de concentrados preiniciadores. El presente proyecto se llevo a cabo durante el primer semestre del 2013, en la porcícola El Recreo, ubicada en la vereda hoya grande, municipio La Vega departamento de Cundinamarca, con una temperatura promedio de 22°C y una altitud de 1.230 …

Regression Analysis To Predict Growth Performance From Dietary Net Energy In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2013), Sureemas Nitikanchana, Steven S. Dritz, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Bradley J. White, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Energy concentration in livestock feed is often altered to optimize pig growth performance and feed cost; therefore, an accurate prediction of growth performance as affected by feeding different energy levels is crucial. Data from 41 trials from 17 journal articles, 10 technical memos, and a thesis were used to develop a regression equation to predict ADG or gain to feed (G:F) as influenced by BW and NE content. Linear and quadratic terms of NE, average BW, CP, standardized ileal digestible [SID] lysine, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, fat, and ash, including their interaction terms, were the variables in the regression analysis. …

Antelope Mating Strategies Facilitate Invasion Of Grasslands By A Woody Weed, Shivani Jadeja, Soumya Prasad, Suhel Quader, Kavita Isvaran

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Intra and interspecific variation in frugivore behaviour can have important consequences for seed dispersal outcomes. However, most information comes from among-species comparisons, and within-species variation is relatively poorly understood. We examined how large intraspecific differences in the behaviour of a native disperser, blackbuck antelope Antilope cervicapra, influence dispersal of a woody invasive, Prosopis juliflora, in a grassland ecosystem. Blackbuck disperse P. juliflora seeds through their dung. In lekking blackbuck populations, males defend clustered or dispersed mating territories. Territorial male movement is restricted, and within their territories males defecate on dung-piles. In contrast, mixed-sex herds range over large areas …

Development Of A New Allelic Discrimination Real-Time Pcr Assay For The Diagnosis Of Equine Herpesvirus-1 And Characterization Of The Virulence Determinants Of The Virus, Kathryn L. Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) can cause acute upper respiratory tract disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease in horses. Rapid, accurate and timely diagnosis of EHV-1 infection in horses is important to curtail the spread of this pathogen. It has been reported that the neuropathogenic phenotype of EHV-1 can result from a single non-synonymous nucleotide substitution at position 2254 (A→G₂₂₅₄) in open reading frame 30 (ORF30). This was the basis for the development of an allelic discrimination, real-time PCR assay to distinguish between potential neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic EHV-1 strains. However, PCR analysis of a panel of EHV-1 abortion isolates …

Evidence For The Maturation Of Cellular Immune Responses In Equine Infectious Anemia Virus-Infected Ponies, Chong Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has been used as a model to investigate protective mechanisms against lentiviruses. Unlike other lentiviruses, EIAV replication can be eventually controlled in most infected horses leading to an inapparent carrier state free of overt clinical signs which can last for many years. Maintenance of this carrier state is absolutely dependent on active immune responses as evidenced by the fact that immunosuppressive drugs can induce the recurrence of disease. However, the immune mechanisms that are responsible for this control of infection are not yet identified. As the resolution of the initial infection is correlated with the …

Detection Of Antibodies Against Parascaris Equorum Excretory-Secretory Antigens, Steffanie V. Burk

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Parascaris equorum is a nematode parasite that infects young horses, sometimes causing unthriftiness, respiratory signs, or intestinal impaction in severe cases. Infection can be diagnosed by detection of eggs in feces, but this is only possible after the worms are fully mature. The goal of this study was to develop an antibody-based test for prepatent diagnosis of P. equorum infection. To produce western blot (WB) antigen, P. equorum larvae were cultured for collection of excretory-secretory antigens (ESA). Sera from 18 pregnant broodmares, their subsequent foals, and a group of 12 older mares and geldings were analyzed. In order to check …

Phosphorus Digestibility And Phytate Degradation In Long Yearlings And Mature Horses, Ashley Fowler

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Much of the phosphorus (P) in grain-based concentrates fed to growing horses is in the form of phytate-P. Little is known about the ability of young horses to degrade phytate-P or whether age affects mineral digestion in horses. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of age on P, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) digestibility and phytate-P degradation. Four long yearling geldings and 4 mature geldings were fed a diet of alfalfa cubes, timothy cubes and a pelleted concentrate. The diet contained 0.28% total P and 17.4% of that P was in the phytate form. There was …

Effects Of Endophyte Infected Fescue Alkaloid Ingestion On Energy Metabolism, Nitrogen Balance, In Situ Feed Degradation, And Ruminal Passage Rates, Anne F. Koontz

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The decrease in productivity caused by fescue toxicosis has been estimated to cost the United States livestock industry more than $1 billion per year due to reduced growth and diminished reproductive efficiency. This goal of the research presented in this dissertation is to enhance the knowledge base concerning the underlying physiological changes that occur during fescue toxicosis that lead to reduced intake and weight gain in cattle.

As one of the factors associated with fescue toxicosis is a reduction in feed intake, achieving a consistent and adequate intake of toxins can be a complication. Results from experiment 1demonstrate that ruminal …

Investigating The Role Of Epibiotic Bacteria In Defense Against Chytridiomycosis In The Green Frog, Lithobates Clamitans, Sarah Nalven

Honors Theses

Amphibian populations have been declining for several decades, in part due to the emerging fungal skin disease, chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytridiomycosis has caused extinctions and extirpations in many parts of the world, but its influence varies across species, populations, and individuals. The Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans), which inhabits the eastern half of the United States, seems capable of sustaining Bd infections without experiencing die-offs. It is possible that the Green Frog's epibiotic bacteria are contributing to its defense against Bd as the epibiotic bacteria of several amphibian species are known to play …

Evaluation Of Diet Complexity And Benzoic Acid On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2013), J E. Nemechek, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, J R. Bergstrom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 280 weanling pigs (PIC 327 × 1050, initially 15.4 lb, 3 d postweaning) were used in a 28-d trial to evaluate the effects of benzoic acid and diet complexity on growth performance. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with 2 diet complexities and 2 benzoic acid levels (0 vs. 0.5%) fed for the first 14 d. Diet complexity treatments were either a simple diet that did not contain any lactose, zinc oxide, or specialty protein sources or a complex diet that contained 10% dried whey, 1.25% select menhaden fish meal, 1.25% spray-dried blood cells, …

Evaluation Of Dietary Acidifiers On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2013), J E. Nemechek, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, J R. Bergstrom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three 28-d experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary acidifiers on the growth performance of nursery pigs housed under both university and field conditions. All diets were corn-soybean meal—based and fed in meal form. Each experiment consisted of a 2-phase diet series with decreasing nutrient concentrations in the second phase. The same 4 dietary treatments were evaluated in all 3 experiments, including a control with (1) no acidifier, (2) 0.5% Vevovitall (DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ), (3) 0.2% Kem-Gest (Kemin Americas, Des Moines, IA), or (4) 0.05% Buti- Pearl (Kemin Americas). In Exp. 1, 280 weanling pigs (PIC …