Comparison Of Th1 Cytokines And T Cell Markers Gene Expressions Between Virulent And An Attenuated Eiav Vaccine Strain,
2013
University of Kentucky
Comparison Of Th1 Cytokines And T Cell Markers Gene Expressions Between Virulent And An Attenuated Eiav Vaccine Strain, Talia R. Henkle
Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection
The equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is closely related to HIV and has been used as a model to identify protective mechanisms against lentivirus infection. In horses, EIA infection progresses for about a year before infected horses manage to control virus replication. This naturally-gained protection is absolutely dependent on active immune responses as evidenced by the fact that immunosuppressive drugs can induce the recurrence of disease. As the resolution of initial viremia correlates with the appearance of virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), we believe that cellular immune responses play a key role in controlling EIAV in the horse. In …
Systems Biology In Animal Breeding: Identifying Relationships
Among Markers, Genes, And Phenotypes [Breeding And Genetics Symposium],
2013
United States Department of Agriculture
Systems Biology In Animal Breeding: Identifying Relationships Among Markers, Genes, And Phenotypes [Breeding And Genetics Symposium], John B. Cole, Ronald M. Lewis, C. Maltecca, S. Newman, K. M. Olson, R. G. Tait
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The Breeding and Genetics Symposium titled “Systems Biology in Animal Breeding: Identifying relationships among markers, genes, and phenotypes” was held at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science and the American Dairy Science Association in Phoenix, Arizona, July 15-19, 2012. The primary goal of the symposium was to demonstrate the use of high-density SNP genotypes to determine the complex regulatory relationships among genotypes and phenotypes but also to present methods for studying complex relationships among phenotypes. Case studies from mammalian and avian species were included to emphasize the broad applicability of these methods.
Index Selection In Terminal Sires Improves Lamb Performance At Finishing,
2013
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Index Selection In Terminal Sires Improves Lamb Performance At Finishing, G. C. Márquez, W. Haresign, M. H. Davies, Rainer Roehe, L. Bünger, G. Simm, Ronald M. Lewis
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Lamb meat is often perceived by consumers as fatty, and consumption has decreased in recent decades. A lean growth index was developed in the UK for terminal sire breeds to increase carcass lean content and constrain fat content at a constant age end point. The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of index selection of terminal sires on their crossbred offspring at finishing and 2) to evaluate its effectiveness within terminal sire breeds. Approximately 70% of lambs marketed in the UK have been sired by rams of breeds typically thought of as specialized terminal sires. The …
Effects Of Forage Species Or Concentrate Finishing On Animal Performance, Carcass And Meat Quality,
2013
Clemson University
Effects Of Forage Species Or Concentrate Finishing On Animal Performance, Carcass And Meat Quality, S. K. Duckett, J. P.S. Neel, Ronald M. Lewis, J. P. Fontenot, W M. Clapham
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Angus-cross steers (n = 128; initial BW = 270 ± 3.8 kg) were used in a 3-yr study to assess effects of forage species grazed before slaughter versus concentrate finishing on carcass and meat quality. At the completion of the stockering phase, steers were randomly allotted to mixed pasture (MP; n = 36/yr) or corn-silage concentrate (CON; n = 12/yr) finishing treatments. At 40 d before harvest, MP steers were randomly divided into 3 forage species treatments: alfalfa (AL), pearl millet (PM), or mixed pasture (MP). Average daily BW gain was greater (P = 0.001) for CON than …
Equine Serum Antibody Responses To Streptococcus Equi And Streptococcus Zooepidemicus,
2013
University of Kentucky
Equine Serum Antibody Responses To Streptococcus Equi And Streptococcus Zooepidemicus, Rafaela De Negri
Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science
Streptococcus zooepidemicus (Sz) and Streptococcus equi (Se) share 98% DNA sequence homology, but display different pathogenic properties. Infection by one organism does not cross-protect against the other. To better understand pathogenic differences between these organisms and gain information about which proteins are expressed in horses infected experimentally with Se, intrauterine Sz or naturally with respiratory Sz we compared antibody specificities of convalescent sera using ELISA. These comparisons were based on sets of 8 and 14 immunoreactive recombinant proteins of Se strain CF32 and Sz strain NC78, respectively. Sera from donkeys that were previously naturally affected with strangles and later developed …
Do Painful Sensations And Fear Exist In Fish?,
2013
University of Liverpool
Do Painful Sensations And Fear Exist In Fish?, Lynne U. Sneddon
Distress Collection
The detection of pain and fear in fi sh has been subject to much debate and, since fi sh are a popular experimental model and commercially important in both angling and aquaculture, many procedures that fi sh are subjected to cause injury, fear and stress. These injuries would give rise to the sensation of pain in humans but whether fi sh have the capacity for pain is relatively under explored. Recent evidence has shown that fi sh have the same neural apparatus to detect pain that mammals and humans do, that their brain is active during a potentially painful experience, …
Social Learning In Juvenile Lemon Sharks, Negaprion Brevirostris,
2013
University of Leeds
Social Learning In Juvenile Lemon Sharks, Negaprion Brevirostris, Tristan L. Guttridge, Sander Van Dijk, Eize Stamhuis, Jens Krause, Samuel Gruber, Culum Brown
Sentience Collection
Social learning is taxonomically widespread and can provide distinct behavioural advantages, such as in finding food or avoiding predators more efficiently. Although extensively studied in bony fishes, no such empirical evidence exists for cartilaginous fishes. Our aim in this study was to experimentally investigate the social learning capabilities of juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris. We designed a novel food task, where sharks were required to enter a start zone and subsequently make physical contact with a target in order to receive a food reward. Naive sharks were then able to interact with and observe (a) pre-trained sharks, that is, ‘demonstrators’, …
Does True Syntax Or Simple Auditory Object Support The Role Of Skylark Song Dialect?,
2013
Queen Mary University of London
Does True Syntax Or Simple Auditory Object Support The Role Of Skylark Song Dialect?, Elodie F. Briefer, Fanny Rybak, Thierry Aubin
Sentience Collection
Parallels between birdsong and human language are numerous and include particular temporal arrangements of acoustic units and the existence of dialects. In animal communication, modifications of the temporal ordering of existing acoustic units have rarely been clearly linked with changes in information content, particularly in a natural environment. Here, we show that the organization of birdsong units (‘syllables’) in sequences supports interindividual relationships within skylark communities. We manipulated the temporal arrangement of song dialect variants (‘shared phrases’) in the skylark, Alauda arvensis, a songbird with a very large repertoire of syllables and complex song. When tested with playback experiments performed …
Ape Autonomy? Social Norms And Moral Agency In Other Species,
2013
York University
Ape Autonomy? Social Norms And Moral Agency In Other Species, Kristin Andrews
Autonomy Collection
No abstract provided.
Canine Chronic Kidney Disease In Uk Veterinary Practices: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Survival,
2013
The Royal Veterinary College
Canine Chronic Kidney Disease In Uk Veterinary Practices: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Survival, D. G. O'Neill, J. Elliott, D. B. Church, P. D. Mcgreevy, P. C. Thomson, D. C. Brodbelt
Epidemiology Collection
Analyses covering 107,214 dogs attending 89 UK practices aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with canine chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis and survival. The apparent prevalence (AP) was estimated using a cross-sectional approach while the true prevalence (TP) was estimated using Bayesian analysis. A nested case-control study design was used to evaluate risk factors. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modelling. CKD AP was estimated at 0.21% and TP at 0.37%. CKD risk factors included increasing age, being insured and certain breeds. The median survival time …
Synergistic Effects Of The Invasive Chinese Tallow (Triadica Sebifera) And Climate Change On Aquatic Amphibian Survival,
2013
Southern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX 75965
Synergistic Effects Of The Invasive Chinese Tallow (Triadica Sebifera) And Climate Change On Aquatic Amphibian Survival, Daniel Saenz, Erin M. Fucik, Matthew Kwiatkowski
Faculty Publications
Changes in climate and the introduction of invasive species are two major stressors to amphibians, although little is known about the interaction between these two factors with regard to impacts on amphibians. We focused our study on an invasive tree species, the Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera), that annually sheds its leaves and produces leaf litter that is known to negatively impact aquatic amphibian survival. The purpose of our research was to determine whether the timing of leaf fall from Chinese tallow and the timing of amphibian breeding (determined by weather) influence survival of amphibian larvae. We simulated a …
Fractal Approach To Heat Transfer In Silkworm Cocoon Hierarchy,
2013
Soochow University
Fractal Approach To Heat Transfer In Silkworm Cocoon Hierarchy, Dong-Dong Fei, Fu-Juan Liu, Qiu-Na Cui, Ji-Huan He
Ji-Huan He
Silkworm cocoon has a complex hierarchic structure with discontinuity. In this paper, heat transfer through the silkworm cocoon is studied using fractal theory. The fractal approach has been successfully applied to explain the fascinating phenomenon of cocoon survival under extreme temperature environment. A better understanding of heat transfer mechanisms for the cocoon could be beneficial to the design of biomimetic clothes for special applications.
The Effect Of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction On Protein Metabolism And Insulin Sensitivity In Aged Horses,
2013
University of Kentucky
The Effect Of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction On Protein Metabolism And Insulin Sensitivity In Aged Horses, Laurel M. Mastro
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) typically occurs in horses older than 15 years of age and is characterized by hair coat abnormalities, muscle atrophy and decreased insulin sensitivity. The first objective of this research was to compare the rate of whole body protein metabolism and relative abundance of key factors in the signaling pathways associated with muscle protein synthesis and protein breakdown in response to feeding in Control and PPID horses. No differences (P > 0.05) were seen between the PPID and Control groups in whole-body protein metabolism or post-prandial activation of the muscle signaling pathways regulating skeletal muscle protein …
Use Of Mtb-100tm, Provided Through A Mineral Mix, To Reduce Toxicity When Lactating Beef Cows Graze Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue,
2013
University of Kentucky
Use Of Mtb-100tm, Provided Through A Mineral Mix, To Reduce Toxicity When Lactating Beef Cows Graze Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Melanie E. Hoar
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Two experiments were conducted at the University of Kentucky, Eden Shale Farm, Owenton, KY to evaluate the use of MTB-100TM (Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) to alleviate the symptoms of fescue toxicity when lactating Angus x Beefmaster cows and their calves grazed endophyte-infected KY-31 tall fescue. Experiment 1 provided a carbohydrate based toxin adsorbent, MTB-100TM, ad libitum in a commercial mineral supplement to project a daily consumption rate of 0, 20 or 40 g of MTB-100TM per cow. Cows were weighed, assigned a body condition score (BCS) and hair coat score (HC), rectal temperatures were recorded and …
Effect Of Estradiol Supplementation On Blood Estradiol And Metabolite Levels, And Hepatic Protein Expression, In Growing, Mature, And Senescent Beef Cattle,
2013
University of Kentucky
Effect Of Estradiol Supplementation On Blood Estradiol And Metabolite Levels, And Hepatic Protein Expression, In Growing, Mature, And Senescent Beef Cattle, Edwena D. Miles
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
Estradiol (Compudose®, COM) implants are extensively used in beef cattle production systems to alter body composition and feed efficiency. Little information exists about the physiological mechanisms affected by COM treatment in growing, mature, and senescent female cattle. Moreover, no reports describe the level of blood estradiol resulting from COM treatment. The effect of COM on levels of plasma estradiol and blood metabolites and proteins, and relative content of glutamine synthetase (GS) and other amino acid nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes in liver tissue, was studied using three experimental models relevant to cow-calf production regimens: senescent cows (Trial 1), young mature (young) versus senescent …
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Vitamin K On Growth Performance And Bone Health In Swine,
2013
University of Kentucky
Evaluation Of The Effects Of Vitamin K On Growth Performance And Bone Health In Swine, James S. Monegue
Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences
The role of vitamin K in the blood clotting cascade has been well documented. Vitamin K has recently been implicated in improving bone health. The current studies were conducted to determine the effects of vitamin K in diets with and without mycotoxin contaminated corn on growth performance, bone characteristics, and related blood metabolites in pigs from weaning to market. Menadione sodium bisulfite complex (MSBC, 33% vitamin K) was chosen as the source of supplemental vitamin K because it is the most common form fed to swine. Vitamin K was tested at 0, 0.5, and 2.0 ppm in a corn-soybean meal …
Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2013,
2013
Kansas State University Libraries
Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2013, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists.
Roundup 2013,
2013
Kansas State University Libraries
Roundup 2013
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the …
Commentary: Increasing Productivity, Meat Yield, And Beef Quality Through Genetic Selection, Management, And Technology,
2013
Kansas State University Libraries
Commentary: Increasing Productivity, Meat Yield, And Beef Quality Through Genetic Selection, Management, And Technology, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The primary purpose of producing beef cattle is to convert grass, forages, and various byproducts, plus human-edible protein and energy, into highly nutritious and tasty beef. To accomplish this, (1) cattle enterprises must be profitable; (2) carcasses should yield a high percentage of meat; (3) beef should be safe, affordable, attractive, nutritious, and highly palatable; and (4) both production and processing systems must be socially and environmentally responsible. The U.S. population has doubled since 1952, but the number of cows in the U.S. is the lowest since the 1950s. At the same time, a rather dramatic increase in beef production …
Evidence Of Estrus Before Cidr Insertion Does Not Influence Pregnancy Rate To Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination In Beef Heifers,
2013
Kansas State University Libraries
Evidence Of Estrus Before Cidr Insertion Does Not Influence Pregnancy Rate To Fixed-Timed Artificial Insemination In Beef Heifers, Sandra K. Johnson, M.A. Ward, O.L. Swanson, G.A. Perry
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Protocols used for fixed-timed artificial insemination strive to synchronize growth of follicular waves and commonly do so by administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the beginning of the treatment. The stage of the cycle at the time of GnRH injection influences the proportion of animals that respond, and cows respond more consistently than heifers. Variability in response to GnRH has been offered as an explanation for why why short-term fixed-timed insemination protocols tend to be less effective in heifers than cows. The dairy industry has used prostaglandin (PG) to "pre-synchronize" cow ovulation before a protocol to improve the proportion of …
