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Articles 31 - 60 of 168
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Using Approximate Dynamic Programming To Solve The Stochastic Demand Military Inventory Routing Problem With Direct Delivery, Ethan L. Salgado
Using Approximate Dynamic Programming To Solve The Stochastic Demand Military Inventory Routing Problem With Direct Delivery, Ethan L. Salgado
Theses and Dissertations
A brigade combat team must resupply forward operating bases (FOBs) within its area of operations from a central location, mainly via ground convoy operations, in a way that closely resembles vendor managed inventory practices. Military logisticians routinely decide when and how much inventory to distribute to each FOB. Technology currently exists that makes utilizing cargo unmanned aerial vehicles (CUAVs) for resupply an attractive alternative due to the dangers of utilizing convoy operations. However, enemy actions, austere conditions, and inclement weather pose a significant risk to a CUAV's ability to safely deliver supplies to a FOB. We develop a Markov decision …
Preprocessing Techniques To Support Event Detection Data Fusion On Social Media Data, Brandon T. Davis
Preprocessing Techniques To Support Event Detection Data Fusion On Social Media Data, Brandon T. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis focuses on collection and preprocessing of streaming social media feeds for metadata as well as the visual and textual information. Today, news media has been the main source of immediate news events, large and small. However, the information conveyed on these news sources is delayed due to the lack of proximity and general knowledge of the event. Such news have started relying on social media sources for initial knowledge of these events. Previous works focused on captured textual data from social media as a data source to detect events. This preprocessing framework postures to facilitate the data fusion …
Microfacet Wavelength Scaling Of The Brdf, Samuel E. Freda
Microfacet Wavelength Scaling Of The Brdf, Samuel E. Freda
Theses and Dissertations
The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) describes realistic scattering of light off materials by relating incident irradiance to outbound radiance. One popular class of BRDF models assumes a surface is comprised of tiny microfacets. The drawback of microfacet BRDFs is that they often no not contain specific material parameters and neglect wavelength effects. Wave optics BRDF expressions, however, can describe wavelength effects at the expense of being more computationally cumbersome. Previous work of following a Beckmann-Kirchhoff derivation of BRDF, then relating wave optics BRDF coordinates to microfacet coordinates led to a complicated, but versatile, BRDF. In this work, the infinite …
The Effects Of Ionizing Radiation And Oxidizing Species On Strains Of Deinococcus Radiodurans Lacking Endogenous Oxidative Protection Methods, Dylan L. Klawuhn
The Effects Of Ionizing Radiation And Oxidizing Species On Strains Of Deinococcus Radiodurans Lacking Endogenous Oxidative Protection Methods, Dylan L. Klawuhn
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple strains of Deinococcus radiodurans were transformed, creating knockout mutations in genes responsible for manganese ion transport, manganese and copper/zinc super-oxide dismutase, and bacillithiol synthesis. These mutated strains were then irradiated with ~20,000 Gys. The results showed that the mutated strains had a higher sensitivity to ionizing radiation, those responsible for bacillithiol synthesis having an increase in sensitivity 3000 times more than wild type Deinococcus radiodurans. In addition to radiation the mutated strains were also exposed to paraquat, an oxidizing herbicide. Strains missing manganese super-oxide dismutase showed increased sensitivity.
Investigation Of Thermal Scaling Effects For A Turbine Blade Leading Edge And Pressure Side Model, Ryan A. Lynch
Investigation Of Thermal Scaling Effects For A Turbine Blade Leading Edge And Pressure Side Model, Ryan A. Lynch
Theses and Dissertations
Recent experiments have attempted to quantify the overall cooling effectiveness at elevated temperature conditions. The Film Cooling Rig (FCR) at the Air Force Institute of Technology has been modified to better match the configuration of a similar large scale, low temperature rig at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This has enabled comparison and trend identification of how various properties scale from the low to high temperature condition. Various internal cooling and hole geometry configurations were investigated over a range of temperatures while utilizing the thermal scaling capability of Inconel 718. Film cooling trends and measures of overall effectiveness were matched, …
Air Mobility Future: Evolving Command And Control Relationships In The Information Age, Ian M. Slazinik
Air Mobility Future: Evolving Command And Control Relationships In The Information Age, Ian M. Slazinik
Theses and Dissertations
This research paper analyzes information flow through theater Air Mobility Command and Control (C2) organizations. The purpose is to uncover guidelines going forward to adapt organizational structure and processes to increase the speed and reach of information. These guidelines could assist with improving organizational agility and decision making while adapting to future trends in the broader C2 enterprise. To collect data, the researcher conducted interviews with seventeen C2 experts with experience at various levels of C2, from worldwide to theater Air Mobility C2 organizations, from Air Mobility C2 leadership, to experts in non-mobility C2 divisions. Interview subjects shared their perceptions …
Surface Roughness Of Electron Beam Melting Ti-6al-4v Effect On Ultrasonic Testing, Evan T. Hanks
Surface Roughness Of Electron Beam Melting Ti-6al-4v Effect On Ultrasonic Testing, Evan T. Hanks
Theses and Dissertations
Experimental research was conducted on the effects of surface roughness on ultrasonic non-destructive testing of Electron Beam Melted (EBM) additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a developing technology with many potential benefits, but certain challenges posed by its use require further research before AM parts are viable for widespread use in the aviation industry. Possible applications of this new technology include, Aircraft Battle Damage Repair (ABDR), small batch manufacturing to fill supply gaps, and replacement for obsolete parts. The research presented here assesses the effectiveness of ultrasonic inspection in detecting manufactured flaws in EBM manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. EBM products are …
Autoencoded Reduced Clusters For Anomaly Detection Enrichment (Arcade) In Hyperspectral Imagery, Brenden A. Mclean
Autoencoded Reduced Clusters For Anomaly Detection Enrichment (Arcade) In Hyperspectral Imagery, Brenden A. Mclean
Theses and Dissertations
Anomaly detection in hyper-spectral imagery is a relatively recent and important research area. The shear amount of data available in a many hyper-spectral images makes the utilization of multivariate statistical methods and artificial neural networks ideal for this analysis. Using HYDICE sensor hyper-spectral images, we examine a variety of preprocessing techniques within a framework that allows for changing parameter settings and varying the methodological order of operations in order to enhance detection of anomalies within image data. By examining a variety of different options, we are able to gain significant insight into what makes anomaly detection viable for these images, …
Validation And Improvement Of Reliability Methods For Air Force Building Systems, Patrick A. Deering
Validation And Improvement Of Reliability Methods For Air Force Building Systems, Patrick A. Deering
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force manages its civil infrastructure resource allocation via a two-dimensional risk model consisting of the consequence of failure and reliability. Air Force civil engineers currently use the BUILDER® Sustainment Management System to estimate and predict reliability at multiple levels within its civil infrastructure systems. Alley (2015) developed and validated a probabilistic model to calculate reliability at the system level. The probabilistic model was found to be a significant improvement over the currently employed BUILDER® model for four major building systems (electrical, HVAC, fire protection, and electrical). This research assessed the performance and accuracy of both the …
A Service Oriented Architecture Approach For Global Positioning System Quality Of Service Monitoring, Stuart A. Everson
A Service Oriented Architecture Approach For Global Positioning System Quality Of Service Monitoring, Stuart A. Everson
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on the development of a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for monitoring the Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Positioning Service (SPS) in near real time utilizing a Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) technique. A unique approach to developing the MCS SOA was developed that utilized both the Depart- ment of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) and the SOA Modeling Language (SoaML) guidance. The combination of these two frameworks resulted in generation of all the architecture products required to evaluate the SOA through the use of Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) techniques. Ultimately this research provides a feasibility analysis for utilization …
Toward Automated Aerial Refueling: Relative Navigation With Structure From Motion, Kevin W. Colson
Toward Automated Aerial Refueling: Relative Navigation With Structure From Motion, Kevin W. Colson
Theses and Dissertations
The USAF's use of UAS has expanded from reconnaissance to hunter/killer missions. As the UAS mission further expands into aerial combat, better performance and larger payloads will have a negative correlation with range and loiter times. Additionally, the Air Force Future Operating Concept calls for \formations of uninhabited refueling aircraft...[that] enable refueling operations partway inside threat areas." However, a lack of accurate relative positioning information prevents the ability to safely maintain close formation flight and contact between a tanker and a UAS. The inclusion of cutting edge vision systems on present refueling platforms may provide the information necessary to support …
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Array Based High Frequency Direction Finding On An Airborne Platform, Tyrel K. Kvasager
Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Array Based High Frequency Direction Finding On An Airborne Platform, Tyrel K. Kvasager
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis evaluates a new incredibly sensitive highly linear high dynamic range 2D Bi-SQUID array purposed by the dissertation written by Susan Berggren applied to use on an airborne platform for the purposes of HFDF. To evaluate how useful the 2D Bi-SQUID is we explore multiple signals of the same frequency in two different base sensor configurations: Non-uniform phased array and non-colocated Poynting's Theorem based vector sensors. The exploration is performed using the SPIRIT HPC system to calculate the 2D Bi-SQUID output given multiple incident signals. The AoA estimation calculation is performed using the MUSIC algorithm on the signals received …
Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials With Germanium Telluride Components, Christopher H. Kodama
Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials With Germanium Telluride Components, Christopher H. Kodama
Theses and Dissertations
Terahertz (THz) technology is an emerging field with many exciting applications. THz waves can be used to locate explosives and illicit drugs in security applications, or DNA and other molecule resonances in medical applications. THz frequencies represent the next level of modern, high-speed computing, but they also can be used for covert battlefield communications links. Metamaterials are an integral part of THz technology because they can be used to create exotic material properties—permittivities and permeabilities—in a part of the frequency spectrum that is otherwise rather empty and passive. This work aims to acquire a fuller understanding of THz metamaterials in …
Utilization Of A Geodesic Sphere And Quadcopter As Two-Way Field Probe For Electro-Magnetic Field Measurements In An Indoor Radar Cross Section Range, Nathan Lett
Theses and Dissertations
Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurements rely heavily on multiple assumptions. Uncertainty in the final measurement is determined based on these assumptions. One source in particular is the non-homogeneous nature of the transmission path between radar test equipment and a target under test. The following research extends prior research. This thesis intends to provide a unique two-way field probe solution for measuring Electro-magnetic (EM) fluctuations in a test volume. In this thesis, the design, development, and demonstration of a geodesic sphere encased quadcopter two-way probe is explained. The Parrot® Bebop Drone quadcopter was used with a 2v frequency divided geodesic sphere …
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite Based Geo-Localization For Biased And Time Drifting Sensors, Daniel E. Levy
Non-Linear Optimization Applied To Angle-Of-Arrival Satellite Based Geo-Localization For Biased And Time Drifting Sensors, Daniel E. Levy
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple sensors are used in a variety of geolocation systems. Many use Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements to locate the most likely location of a signal. When an object does not emit a classical RF signal, Angle of Arrival (AOA) measurements become more feasible than TDOA or RSS measurements. AOA measurements can be created from any sensor platform with any sort of camera. When location and attitude knowledge of the sensor passive objects can be tracked. A Non-Linear Optimization (NLO) method for calculating the most likely estimate from AOA measurements has been created in …
Characterization For The Development Of The Hybrid Multi-Junction Silicon Germanium Solar Cell, Jimmy J. Lohrman
Characterization For The Development Of The Hybrid Multi-Junction Silicon Germanium Solar Cell, Jimmy J. Lohrman
Theses and Dissertations
Based on the previous development of the hybrid multi-junction silicon (HMJ-Si) solar cell, this work characterized the preceding design for the development of the hybrid multi-junction silicon germanium (HMJ-SiGe) solar cell. Seven focus areas were investigated: diffraction pattern generation, photon propagation, silicon diffusion processing, ohmic contacts, the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), the Fresnel zone plate (FZP), and the germanium/germanium telluride (Ge/GeTe) pn-junction Diffraction patterns were theoretically examined, and contact grating design characterization for reflectance and transmittance properties was modeled using rigorous coupled wave analysis. An improved silicon diffusion process follower was developed, and theoretical study and experimental assessment were accomplished …
Interference Suppression Using Knowledge-Aided Subarray Pattern Synthesis, David A. New
Interference Suppression Using Knowledge-Aided Subarray Pattern Synthesis, David A. New
Theses and Dissertations
Most phased array systems subarray many antenna elements into far fewer digitized channels. While having more degrees of freedom (DOF) yields better performance, adding channels to create more digital DOF increases system cost and data throughput requirements. A subarray itself constitutes a phased array with as many DOF as it has antenna element weights. Typically, only one degree of freedom is used to steer the maximum gain direction of the subarray pattern. For typical antenna geometries a single subarray will provide many more spatial DOF than there are digitized channels. The inherent DOF of the subarrays could be used to …
Neutron Versus Gamma Radiation Effects On Ytterbium-Doped Optical Fibers, Olivia M. Borman
Neutron Versus Gamma Radiation Effects On Ytterbium-Doped Optical Fibers, Olivia M. Borman
Theses and Dissertations
Multimode ytterbium-doped optical fibers (YDFs) are increasingly utilized in military applications involving fiber lasers and amplifiers. YDFs were irradiated with three different radiation sources (neutron, gamma, and mixed gamma/neutron) in order to determine the independent effects that gamma and neutron radiation have on the fibers. The transmission spectra of the fibers were measured during each irradiation and the spectral shapes and attenuation were compared at similar doses. Comparisons of the spectra showed that gamma radiation results in increased attenuation over the 550-975 nm wavelengths. Fast neutrons were found to contribute to increased attenuation near 500 nm. Neutron radiation also caused …
Optimizing Allocation Of U.S. Humanitarian Civic Assistance Projects In Support Of Developing Foreign Democracy, Christopher E. Wittman
Optimizing Allocation Of U.S. Humanitarian Civic Assistance Projects In Support Of Developing Foreign Democracy, Christopher E. Wittman
Theses and Dissertations
Humanitarian projects in foreign countries are funded by the U.S. government to foster peace, prosperity, and the spread of democratic ideals around the globe. The type and scope of projects are restricted by current doctrine and funding regulations. Specifically in 2014, USAF personnel supported medical and educational construction projects/programs in the country of Belize. Within Belize, medical and educational projects were funded under the Humanitarian and Civic Assistance (HCA) program through the NEW HORIZONS exercise. Fiscal constraints, including shrinking budgets due to sequestration, have placed greater emphasis in the responsible distribution of resources and foreign assistance. The purpose of this …
Spectroscopic Measurement Of Gas Temperature In Small Internal Combustion Engines, Matthew J. Deutsch
Spectroscopic Measurement Of Gas Temperature In Small Internal Combustion Engines, Matthew J. Deutsch
Theses and Dissertations
The Small Engine Research Bench (SERB) was used previously to measure spatially and temporally averaged heat flux, as well as local, instantaneous heat flux at several external locations, for a series of small engines (1 - 10 kW). This investigation obtained time averaged crank angle resolved measurements of the in-cylinder gas temperature using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption thermometry. The results, coupled with heat flux measurements, will enable the validation or refinement of existing thermal energy loss models.
Space Object Self-Tracker On-Board Orbit Determination Analysis, Stacie M. Flamos
Space Object Self-Tracker On-Board Orbit Determination Analysis, Stacie M. Flamos
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the United States' growing dependence on space based assets and the in- creasing number of resident space objects (RSO), improvement of Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capabilities is more necessary than ever. As a way to aid in this need, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is developing the Space Object Self-Tracker (SOS) as a proof-of-concept experimental satellite for RSO precision tracking and collision avoidance system in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Specifically, SOS will use Global Positioning System (GPS) position estimates for on-board orbit de- termination. Currently, SOS will use the Simplified General Perturbations-4 (SGP4) algorithm as its …
Analysis Of A Modified Equivalent Circuit Model For Lithium-Ion Battery Modules In Cubesats, James J. Liu
Analysis Of A Modified Equivalent Circuit Model For Lithium-Ion Battery Modules In Cubesats, James J. Liu
Theses and Dissertations
Failure of the electrical power system (EPS) to meet mission requirements is a common problem in nano-size satellites commonly referred to as CubeSats. The motivation for this research stems from the desire to prevent EPS failure through a process of testing and space qualification of components. Utilizing models to predict the behavior of an EPS before it is designed, built, and tested for space can provide critical insight in areas of limitation in performance and survivability. Modeling an entire EPS system is challenging because it requires extensive knowledge of all components and their behavior. This research focuses specifically on the …
Optically Stimulated Luminescence From Ag-Doped Lithium Tetraborate (Li2b4o7), Ember S. Maniego
Optically Stimulated Luminescence From Ag-Doped Lithium Tetraborate (Li2b4o7), Ember S. Maniego
Theses and Dissertations
Silver-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals emit optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in response to stimulating light around 400 nm. Photoluminescence, optical absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were used to identify the defects in the crystal that cause this OSL. Lithium tetraborate crystals have Ag+ ions at Li+ sites and at interstitial sites. Upon ionization at room temperature via x rays, electron-hole pairs are generated. The electrons are trapped at Ag+ occupying interstitial sites, while the holes are trapped at Ag+ at lithium sites. The trapped electron centers become Ag0 …
Radiation Response From A Novel Uo2 Crystal, Stephan A. Varga
Radiation Response From A Novel Uo2 Crystal, Stephan A. Varga
Theses and Dissertations
The radiation response of a novel, single-crystalline UO2 sample was analyzed using several types of radiation. The crystal was exposed to alpha, gamma, and neutron radiation under various environmental conditions and the electronic response of the crystal was measured using a pulse shape discrimination algorithm. The distributions of pulse amplitude (Vmax) and pulse decay times (τ) were used to compare the output. This research revealed that the crystal radiation response is exceptionally sensitive to surface conditions, specifically humidity, which tends to alter the time dependent currents resulting from the radiation interactions. The pulse τ can be made to …
United States Air Force Officer Manpower Planning Problem Via Approximate Dynamic Programming, Amelia E. Bradshaw
United States Air Force Officer Manpower Planning Problem Via Approximate Dynamic Programming, Amelia E. Bradshaw
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force (USAF) is concerned with managing its officer corps to ensure sufficient personnel for mission readiness. Manpower planning for the USAF is a complex process which requires making decisions about accessions. Uncertainty about officer retention complicates such decisions. We formulate a Markov decision process model of the Air Force officer manpower planning problem (AFO-MPP) and utilize a least squares approximate policy iteration algorithm as an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) technique to attain solutions. Computational experiments are conducted on two AFO-MPP instances to compare the performance of the policy determined with the ADP algorithm to a benchmark …
Modeling And Economy’S Dynamics And External Influences Through A System Of Differential Equations, Thomas M. Dickey
Modeling And Economy’S Dynamics And External Influences Through A System Of Differential Equations, Thomas M. Dickey
Theses and Dissertations
This research proposes a methodology to develop models for the greater understanding of the application of the economic instrument of national power through a selection of factors that define the economic condition of a country. The major components of an economy are identified as GDP per capita, a treasury bond yield, and a major stock market index. The components have interconnected dynamics along with external influences from the United Stated Federal Funds Rate and foreign direct investment. These connections are considered through a metamodel in the form of a system of differential equations which is solved as an inverse problem. …
Rate Setting Analysis: A Statistical Approach To Outlier Analysis In The Rate Setting Process Within The United States Transportation Command, Warren B. Mcgriff
Rate Setting Analysis: A Statistical Approach To Outlier Analysis In The Rate Setting Process Within The United States Transportation Command, Warren B. Mcgriff
Theses and Dissertations
The rate setting process implemented by the USTRANSCOM J8 Program Analysis & Financial Management Directorate (USTC J8 or TCJ8) is of importance, as accurate rates yield proper and equitable recoupment of costs from customers and ensure USTC can achieve an accurate Net Operating Result (NOR) in each given year. This research sought to identify areas in which the current rate setting methodology can be improved. We initially examined the use of six months of historical cost data versus a full year of data to set rates, concluding that there is not a statistically significant difference with respect to their relative …
Sortie Generation Simulation Of A Fighter Squadron, Abdurrahman Sevimli
Sortie Generation Simulation Of A Fighter Squadron, Abdurrahman Sevimli
Theses and Dissertations
The Turkish Air Force utilizes several fighter squadrons to enhance its military capabilities. One of the most critical challenges for these squadrons is generating sorties to meet the currency and demand during both peacetime and wartime. This sortie generation process directly affects the success of both training and operations. In this study, this process is assessed using a discrete event simulation. Air Force decision makers require a simulation tool to conduct “what-if” analysis on how potential changes in the environment affect an F-16 fighter squadron’s sortie generation process. Creating a usable simulation provides decision makers with a flexible tool to …
Military Applications Of High-Altitude Satellite Orbits In A Multi-Body Dynamical Environment Using Numerical Methods And Dynamical Systems Theory, Meredith M. Wilmer
Military Applications Of High-Altitude Satellite Orbits In A Multi-Body Dynamical Environment Using Numerical Methods And Dynamical Systems Theory, Meredith M. Wilmer
Theses and Dissertations
The circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) is a simplified dynamical model for a satellite under the gravitational influence of both the Earth and the Moon, maintaining closer fidelity to the gravitational environment experienced by a high-altitude Earth-orbiting spacecraft than modeling in the Earth-satellite two-body problem. Resonant orbit arcs are used to determine an initial guess to input into an algorithm that computes a trajectory solution with specific design requirements and constraints. A test case uses this method to compute a lunar fly-by transfer solution requiring less than two-body transfer methods and offers an unusual pathway that adds an unpredictability element …
Visual-Ins Using A Human Operator And Converted Measurements, Turner J. Montgomery
Visual-Ins Using A Human Operator And Converted Measurements, Turner J. Montgomery
Theses and Dissertations
A method human operated INS aiding is explored in which the pilot identifies and tracks a ground feature of unknown position over a short measurement epoch using an E/O sensor. One then refers to Visual-INS. In contrast to current research trends, a human operator is entrusted with visually tracking the ground feature. In addition, a less conventional measurement linearization technique is applied to generate “converted” measurements. A linear regression algorithm is then applied to the converted measurements providing an estimate of the INS horizontal velocity error and accelerometer biases. At the completion of the measurement epoch, the INS is corrected …