Indonesia: Blanket Guarantee, 1998,
2022
Yale School of Management
Indonesia: Blanket Guarantee, 1998, Ayodeji George
Journal of Financial Crises
The Indonesian government closed 16 banks on November 1, 1997. At the time, the government said it would guarantee depositors up to 20 million Indonesian rupiah (IDR; USD 6,000) per account. The lack of immediate full protection for large depositors caused deposit runs throughout the banking sector and undermined foreign confidence in the Indonesian financial system. In response, the Indonesian president on January 26, 1998, announced a blanket guarantee and created the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) to administer the guarantee and other bank rehabilitation efforts. The blanket guarantee covered all depositors and nonsubordinated creditors in locally incorporated commercial banks. …
Ecuador: Blanket Guarantee, 1998,
2022
Yale School of Management
Ecuador: Blanket Guarantee, 1998, Bailey Decker
Journal of Financial Crises
After a series of exogenous shocks hit the Ecuadorian economy in 1997–1998, foreign creditors reassessed their emerging-market risk and reduced external credit lines to Ecuador, thus draining liquidity. The closure of a small bank called Solbanco in April 1998 triggered deposit runs at other banks. Banks sought assistance from the Central Bank of Ecuador (Banco Central del Ecuador, or BCE). By the end of September 1998, the BCE had issued emergency loans to 11 financial institutions, totaling nearly 30% of the money base. The crisis accelerated in August 1998 when Banco de Prestamos, the sixth-largest bank, was closed; the existing …
Finland: Government Guarantee Fund, Blanket Guarantee, 1992,
2022
Yale School of Management
Finland: Government Guarantee Fund, Blanket Guarantee, 1992, Anmol Makhija
Journal of Financial Crises
Following a period of rapid financial liberalization and a record credit boom in the 1980s, Finland’s financial system suffered steadily increasing loan losses and falling earnings beginning in 1990. The Finnish Parliament created the Government Guarantee Fund (GGF) in April 1992 to support banks with loans, capital, and guarantees. In a press release issued on August 6, 1992, the government said the GGF would “secure the stable functioning of the banking system under any circumstances [emphasis added]”. Six months later, the Parliament of Finland specifically required the GGF to guarantee that all Finnish banks could meet their commitments. The government …
Denmark: General Guarantee Scheme, 2008,
2022
Yale School of Management
Denmark: General Guarantee Scheme, 2008, Benjamin Hoffner
Journal of Financial Crises
As foreign credit in Denmark dried up during the summer of 2008, Danish banks became increasingly reliant on short-term borrowing. The government took over the failing Roskilde Bank, the country’s eighth-largest bank, in late August. On October 5, 2008, the government announced a voluntary General Guarantee Scheme to fully insure deposits and other senior liabilities of participating banks. Banks could participate in the scheme by becoming members of the financial sector’s banking consortium, Det Private Beredskab, or in English, the Private Contingency Association (PCA), before October 13, 2008. The General Guarantee Scheme fully insured all depositors and senior unsecured creditors …
Reserve Requirements Survey,
2022
Yale School of Management
Reserve Requirements Survey, June Rhee, Carey K. Mott, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick
Journal of Financial Crises
Banks have a private motive to hold some level of cash and liquid reserves, but the negative externalities of bank runs create a public interest in setting a regulatory level higher than the privately optimal level. We can think of such reserve requirements (RRs) as the original form of liquidity regulation. In this paper, we focus on 14 cases in which central banks adjusted RRs after crises hit, typically to deal with liquidity shortages in the banking system. We observe that RR adjustments have several advantages in a crisis: (1) such changes require little process, and the change for banks …
Blanket Guarantees Survey,
2022
Yale School of Management
Blanket Guarantees Survey, Christian M. Mcnamara, Carey K. Mott, Greg Feldberg, Andrew Metrick
Journal of Financial Crises
This paper surveys 10 blanket guarantee (BG) programs across 13 Key Design Decisions. The defining characteristics of these programs in terms of their inclusion in our BG series are (a) that they guaranteed a broader range of liabilities beyond deposit accounts and (b) that the guarantees covered existing liabilities in addition to newly issued ones. Each case represents an effort to eliminate creditors’ incentive to withdraw funding from institutions by guaranteeing that the funding will be paid back even if the institutions are unable to do so themselves. The main themes that emerge are: (a) the inability of blanket guarantees …
The Financialization Of Recession Response,
2022
Economic Studies, the Brookings Institution
The Financialization Of Recession Response, Aaron Klein
Journal of Financial Crises
This paper analyzes economic policy responses to the COVID-19-induced recession, focusing on the American policy response. Despite widespread political distrust between the two parties sharing control of the government and the timing of the upcoming presidential election, America’s political system was able to enact a massive policy response that reduced the severity of the recession. This political response happened faster than any automatic policy response would have, based on the delays in data reporting. The economic policies enacted continued America’s trend toward financialization of fiscal policy. The Federal Reserve and America’s private banking and financial systems were heavily relied upon …
Strengthen Fundamental Role Of Data Element Governance In National Governance Modernization,
2022
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Strengthen Fundamental Role Of Data Element Governance In National Governance Modernization, Kaihua Chen, Zhuo Feng, Rui Guo, Yue Hao, Jin Kang, Xiaoguang Yang, Chao Zhang, Binbin Zhao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Data element governance is a key factor to promote the modernization of national governance in the digital era. By strengthening the deep integration of data factors and national governance, a new model of data-driven national governance can be formed, and the national governance can be made more scientific, refined, intelligent, and efficient. The US and European countries have continuously strengthened the top-level system design, technological innovation application, collaborative governance mechanism, and global governance cooperation of data element governance, which has effectively improved the level of data element governance and provided experience for China. Nevertheless, due to the virtuality of data …
Frequently Asked Questions: 2022 Public Access Policy Guidance,
2022
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Frequently Asked Questions: 2022 Public Access Policy Guidance, White House Office Of Science And Technology Policy
Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.
Includes a list of frequently asked questions and answers for the 2022 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Public Access Policy guidance, including answering questions such as "What is meant by public access to federally funded research?" and "What impact will the policy guidance have on specific business models for scholarly publishing?"
Digital Technology Enables Construction Of National Governance Modernization,
2022
Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
Digital Technology Enables Construction Of National Governance Modernization, Yue Hao, Kaihua Chen, Jin Kang, Xiaoguang Yang, Chao Zhang, Xiaolong Zheng
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As digital technologies continue to be integrated into the whole process of economic and social development, promoting the modernization of digital technology-enabled national governance systems and capabilities has become an important way to seize the strategic initiative in the future world competitive landscape, and has attracted the attention of countries around the world. The rapid development of digital technologies such as big data collection, storage, processing, and analysis is constantly optimizing the organizational system structure of national governance, upgrading and perfecting the quality and methods of national governance personnel, and accelerating the process of making national governance efficient, scientific, intelligent …
Deepening Digital Technologies To Enable Modernization Of China’S Governance Of Health,
2022
School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, Chin
Deepening Digital Technologies To Enable Modernization Of China’S Governance Of Health, Tara Qia Sun, Xia Feng, Yuntao Long, Zongben Xu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
One significant goal of science and technology innovation is to set our sights on the health and safety of the people. The rapid development of digital technologies provides multiple potentials and path to achieve the modernization of China's health governance. the role of digital technologies on enabling multiple stakeholders (i.e., hospitals, doctors, government, and social groups) to improve the supply capacity, the inclusiveness, fairness, friendliness, and convenience of health service. Second, we explore the four key issues of using digital technologies to enable the governance of health construction of digital health infrastructures, the factors affecting the adoption of digital technologies, …
Strategic Perspective Of Leveraging New Generation Information Technology To Enable Modernization Of Emergency Management,
2022
School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Strategic Perspective Of Leveraging New Generation Information Technology To Enable Modernization Of Emergency Management, Haibo Zhang, Xinyu Dai, Depei Qian, Jian Lyu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The application and development of the new generation information technology is a vital support to realize the modernization of emergency management. At present, the new generation information technology such as big data and artificial intelligence has been widely used in natural disasters, safe production, and other fields. It has improved the monitoring and early warning, regulation and law enforcement, command and decision support, rescue, and social mobilization capabilities of governments, promoted the level of intrinsic safety of enterprises, provided important support for the precise prevention and control of the COVID-19, and increased the efficiency of China’s emergency management and sense …
Digital Technology Enables Modernization Of National Statistics,
2022
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Digital Technology Enables Modernization Of National Statistics, Zongben Xu, Yanyun Zhao, Liping Zhu, Guang Chen, Hongyun Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The modernization of national statistics is part of the modernization of national governance. Digital technology has provided power for the transformation of statistical production mode, the improvement of statistical productivity, and the reconstruction of statistical production relations. Digital technology has become an important prerequisite for the promotion of statistical modernization reform. This study summarizes the international experience of digital technology enabling government statistics, the top-level design of national statistical legal system, and the importance of digital technology in promoting the modernization of statistics. This study also analyzes the main challenges existing in the current national statistics and data work. Finally, …
Manufactured Homes In Nevada Counties,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Manufactured Homes In Nevada Counties, Joshua Padilla, Annie Vong, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.
Housing & Real Estate
This fact sheet presents data on the share of manufactured homes in each of Nevada’s 17 counties, as reported in the June 2022 The Daily Yonder article, “With Housing Shortage Still Ongoing, Manufactured Homes are Gaining Ground,” by Kristi Eaton. The original report includes data made available by the Housing Assistance Council (HAC) for each county in the United States from 2009 and 2018.
Unwilling Gamblers And Loaded Dice: Considering Recession And Crisis As A Natural Effect Of Financial Capitalism,
2022
Cleveland State University
Unwilling Gamblers And Loaded Dice: Considering Recession And Crisis As A Natural Effect Of Financial Capitalism, Darlene N. Moorman
The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University
Under financial capitalism, ordinary people are increasingly becoming 'unwilling gamblers' of a risky and unstable system. This paper explores the social and institutional change behind the neoliberal movement and considers how the politics and policies of neoliberalism have contributed to a certain environment of financial instability. Looking at the changing nature of the economy, the rapid expansion of the financial sector, and the persisting issue of moral hazard underlying risky and speculative behaviors among other items, reveals a financial system in which recessions and crises can be considered a natural, although not inevitable, effect.
Examining The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Violent Crime In The City Of Pittsburgh,
2022
Duquesne University
Examining The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Violent Crime In The City Of Pittsburgh, Brittany Urban
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research is to examine patterns of Part I crimes [including Part I Person/Violent: Homicide, Rape, Aggravated Assault, and Robbery, and Part I Property: Burglary, Larceny-Theft, Motor Vehicle Theft, and Arson, as defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Standards] in The City of Pittsburgh, framing the COVID-19 pandemic as a major stressor that Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory suggests may lead to increased opportunity for crime, due to the perceived unjustness of the associated lockdown orders and potential incentive for criminal coping (Agnew 1992). This descriptive analysis is based primarily upon …
Advocacy Journalism And Climate Justice In A Global Southern Country,
2022
University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
Advocacy Journalism And Climate Justice In A Global Southern Country, Shafiq Ahmad Kamboh, Muhammad Ittefaq
School of Communication Studies - Faculty Scholarship
Being among the world’s most affected countries by climate change, Pakistan is facing a variety of cases of climate injustice committed by internal and external drivers. Waisbord’s referred “Advocate-journalist” model carries a good potential to advocate these injustices to stimulate democratic dialogue among the audience that eventually pushes leadership to make eco-friendly policies. This study critically analyses advocacy journalism coverage of cases of local and regional climate injustice in the editorial contents of mainstream Pakistani newspapers by using the quantitative content analysis method. Results reveal that selected newspapers gave inappropriate coverage to climate injustice issues both in quantity and quality. …
Southeast Asia & The Hidden Green Revolution: A Study On Foreign Direct Investment In Eco-Investments In Asean,
2022
The University of San Francisco
Southeast Asia & The Hidden Green Revolution: A Study On Foreign Direct Investment In Eco-Investments In Asean, Ravi Chailertborisuth
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper aims to find: To what extent foreign direct investment is fueling the renewable energy transition in ASEAN. The year 1966 saw the founding of ASEAN, the Association for Southeast Asian Nations. The five founding member nations were: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Over time, this group of nations grew to include nations such as: Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Brunei, and Myanmar. The IGO (inter-governmental organization) aims to foster “economic, social, cultural, technical, educational and other fields” (ASEAN). The IGO is successful, allowing capital to flow cross-borders with more ease, and encourage economic corporation across all nations. Since …
Investing In The Future: A Case Study On Demographic Trends And The Policy Implications For Clark County School District,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Investing In The Future: A Case Study On Demographic Trends And The Policy Implications For Clark County School District, Joshua Alexander Padilla
Student Research
Clark County School District (CCSD) is the 5th largest school district in the nation. Through the use of the United States Census Bureau’s 2020 ACS 5-year survey, demographic trends will be analyzed for CCSD. This brief will focus on three demographic trends that have direct connections to educational success. Those three demographic trends are: internet access, poverty level (households on SNAP), and school enrollment. Potential policy interventions include technology device loan programs, adopting meal programs for students and their families, and new staff recruiting plans for CCSD.
A Program Evaluation Of The Project Roomkey In Santa Clara, San Francisco, And Alameda Counties,
2022
San Jose State University
A Program Evaluation Of The Project Roomkey In Santa Clara, San Francisco, And Alameda Counties, Louella Sevegan
Master's Projects
During the early months of 2020, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) had a significant impact on the homeless population. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development defines a homeless person as someone who "lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence" (Henry, et al., 2020, page 2). According to a report conducted by Culhane et al. (2020), the homeless population has a higher chance of being infected by COVID-19 than the general population. Issues such as inadequate access to sanitation or proper hygiene, and the inability to isolate, especially in a congregate …
