Partial Disability System And Labor Market Adjustment: The Case Of Spain,
2013
University of Kent
Partial Disability System And Labor Market Adjustment: The Case Of Spain, Jose I. Silva, Judit Vall-Castello
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Although partially disabled individuals in Spain are allowed to combine the receipt of disability benefits with a job, the empirical evidence shows that employment rates for this group of individuals are very low. Therefore, in this paper we construct labor market model with search intensity and matching frictions in order to identify the incentives and disincentives to work provided by the partial disability system in Spain from the point of view of both disabled individuals and employers. According to the model, the high employment rate gap observed between nondisabled and disabled workers can be partially explained by the presence of …
Examining The Essential Employability Attributes From Different Perspectives,
2013
Vocational Trainingn Council
Examining The Essential Employability Attributes From Different Perspectives, Deanna To Lau, Charles Chan, Kelvin Chan, George Cheung, Oscar Ng, Shuk Yi, Ivy Liu, Po Lung, Prosper Chan
Practical Social and Industrial Research Symposium
No abstract provided.
Predictors Of Employment Growth And Unemployment In U.S. Central Cities, 1990-2010,
2013
University of Pennsylvania
Predictors Of Employment Growth And Unemployment In U.S. Central Cities, 1990-2010, Laura Wolf-Powers
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper considers employment growth and unemployment from 1990-2010 in a cross-section of cities in light of practical tools that city governments have at their disposal to provide relief. In particular, I test educational attainment (both initial levels and growth over time) and public capital investment as influences on job growth and changes in unemployment rates in 83 central cities in the United States. Change in educational attainment over time is suggestive of causing higher job growth and lower unemployment. The implication is that initiatives to attract and retain college-educated professionals and investments in increasing college attainment among incumbent residents …
Welfare Reform And At-Risk Mothers' Labour Supply,
2013
Singapore Management University
Welfare Reform And At-Risk Mothers' Labour Supply, Christine Ho
Research Collection School Of Economics
We analyse the impact of the early 1990s welfare waivers and the 1996 TANF reform in the United States on at-risk mothers' labour supply behaviour using the PSID. We find that whereas the welfare waivers had limited impacts on at-risk mothers, the TANF reform played an important role in encouraging those mothers to increase their labour supply at the intensive margin.
Effects Of Unemployment Insurance Extensions On Job Search Outcomes,
2013
Clemson University
Effects Of Unemployment Insurance Extensions On Job Search Outcomes, Ailin He
All Theses
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how unemployment insurance (UI) extensions affect job finding probabilities and the length of unemployment spells in the most recent decade. Exploiting the panel structure of the Current Population Survey (CPS), I constructed a 16-month panel with the CPS basic monthly data from 2002 to 2012 and modeled the reemployment (unemployment-to-employment and not-in-labor-force-to-employment) hazard. Since unemployment policies in the US are subjected to change by the condition of the macro economy, this paper adopted different approaches to distinguish UI impacts on exit probability from other macro factors. Our results suggest that UI extensions …
Cracking The Tax Codes: How State Tax Laws Influence The Number Of Manufacturing Jobs Within Their Borders,
2013
Bemidji State University
Cracking The Tax Codes: How State Tax Laws Influence The Number Of Manufacturing Jobs Within Their Borders, Nick Lorenson
Political Science Theses and Capstones
With the recent economic downturn, jobs have been at the forefront of people’s concerns. Policy makers in every state have promised their constituents new jobs. Of particular importance are high paying jobs. Manufacturing jobs tend to be a well-paying and highly sought after form of employment. However, in recent decades, the percentage of manufacturing jobs has been declining in the United States. Also, manufacturing facilities have shown an increased likelihood of relocating to different states. I theorize that manufacturing facilities relocating and expanding in different states is primarily due to state tax policies. This phenomenon has increased within recent years …
Identifying The Effect Of Unemployment On Hate Crime,
2013
Syracuse University
Identifying The Effect Of Unemployment On Hate Crime, Alex Curthoys
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
Hate crimes are those crimes that are motivated by bias against groups different from the perpetrator. They are especially contemptible offenses in that they, like terrorism, negatively impact an entire community as well as the victim targeted. While crime has been, and will continue to be, widely studied by economists, the specific area of hate crimes is relatively understudied. To contribute to the understanding of hate crimes, this paper examines whether hate crimes are economically motivated: in particular, whether there is a relationship between the incidence of hate crimes and the unemployment. Comprehending this link can help build the knowledge …
Labor Market Assimilation: Evidence From Hurricane Katrina Evacuees,
2013
Syracuse University
Labor Market Assimilation: Evidence From Hurricane Katrina Evacuees, Joseph Batista Andrade Iv
Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All
The objective of this paper is to use the mass migration toHoustonafter Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment to estimate the effect of migration on employment (i.e., the effects of being an outsider rather than a native to a certain area). The use of this natural experiment helps control for the usual endogeneity of studying effects of immigration; it is safe to assume away the possibility that the migration was mainly because of higher wages or better employment opportunities, a possibility present in most empirical studies on the subject, which makes it hard to say how the actual migration itself …
Testing For Factor Price Equality With Unobserved Differences In Factor Quality Or Productivity,
2013
Dartmouth College
Testing For Factor Price Equality With Unobserved Differences In Factor Quality Or Productivity, Andrew B. Bernard, Stephen J. Redding, Peter K. Schott
Dartmouth Scholarship
We develop a method for identifying departures from relative factor price equality that is robust to unobserved variation in factor productivity. We implement this method using data on the relative wage bills of nonproduction and production workers across 170 local labor markets comprising the continental United States for 1972, 1992, and 2007. We find evidence of statistically significant differences in relative wages in all three years. These differences increase in magnitude over time and are related to industry structure in a manner that is consistent with neoclassical models of production. (JEL J31, J61, R23)
Employment Relations And Wages: What Can We Learn From Subjective Assessments?,
2013
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Employment Relations And Wages: What Can We Learn From Subjective Assessments?, Marta Lachowska
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper studies the link between hourly wages and workers’ subjective assessments of how easy it would be to find another job as good as the present one, and how easy it would be for an employer to replace an employee. First, using high-quality data, I study the correlates of these two assessments. Second, I study whether respondents who report better outside opportunities and respondents who think they are difficult to replace receive higher wages. The results appear to be consistent with predictions of at least three theoretical frameworks: human capital theory, search theory, and a “locus of control” model.
The Changing Dynamics Of The Employment Gap And Its Macroeconomic Implications,
2013
Bryant University
The Changing Dynamics Of The Employment Gap And Its Macroeconomic Implications, William Brian Gowen
Honors Projects in Economics
There has been much discussion about the sluggish economic recovery out of the recent recession. However, the lag in employment growth is not unique to the most recent recovery. Jobless recoveries have plagued the U.S. economy over the last three business cycles. The reasons for this change have remained largely inconclusive, with several factors highlighted in the current literature. This paper uses Vector Autoregression (VAR) to analyze the employment gap in the United States over the past six decades. Unlike previous studies, it accounts for the most recent recession while also addressing alternative explanations - trade and globalization, government employment, …
Has Government Tax Policy In Greece Led To A Large Shadow Economy?,
2013
Bryant University
Has Government Tax Policy In Greece Led To A Large Shadow Economy?, Nils Thompson
Honors Projects in Economics
This capstone investigates the impact that tax policy has on the shadow economy in Greece. Greece has one of the largest shadow economies in the world and the largest in the European Union, with tax evasion being one of the main drivers. While previous research has provided measures of the shadow economy, none matches the shadow economy estimations with policies, laws, and agencies enacted by the government, specifically over the period in time of 1990-2012. This study contributes to the literature by connecting the policies implemented by the government with the size of the shadow economy in Greece, along with …
Analysis Of The Temporary Immigrant Labor Market On Information Technology Occupations,
2013
Illinois Wesleyan University
Analysis Of The Temporary Immigrant Labor Market On Information Technology Occupations, Katelyn Rowley
Honors Projects
An important recent labor market trend is the rapid increase in the number of immigrants employed in the information technology sector who have temporary worker status. The dual labor market theory suggests that temporary immigrant workers will be affected more adversely than native workers during a recession. This study uses OLS regression models to predict wages and employment levels (through usual hours worked) in information technology (IT) occupations as a function of immigration status, education level, age, gender, the recession and a set of interactive terms. The results from this study unexpectedly show that employment of native workers in IT …
“La Generación Ni Ni” And The Exodus Of Spanish Youth,
2013
Scripps College
“La Generación Ni Ni” And The Exodus Of Spanish Youth, Stephanie Lester
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union
No abstract provided.
Do Minimum Wage Laws Affect People Who Are Not Covered? Evidence From Documented And Undocumented, Hourly And Piece Rate Workers In U.S. Agriculture,
2013
Colorado State University
Do Minimum Wage Laws Affect People Who Are Not Covered? Evidence From Documented And Undocumented, Hourly And Piece Rate Workers In U.S. Agriculture, Anita Alves Pena
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
While a stated goal of minimum wage increases is to benefit low-income workers, some employers are not obligated to provide at least minimum wages to all employees. U.S. farm employers comprise one of these groups. Employees of large farms and H2-A workers (temporary nonimmigrant workers lawfully admitted to perform temporary or seasonal agricultural services) are protected by minimum wage legislation, while other migrant workers (especially those who are paid piece rate) are exempt. Furthermore, U.S. agriculture is characterized by a large percentage of illegal migrants, and workers who are illegal may or may not receive wages above minimum levels. This …
Explaining Political Activeness And Attitudes Toward Unionization Among Nurses In The United States.,
2013
Bemidji State University
Explaining Political Activeness And Attitudes Toward Unionization Among Nurses In The United States., Crystal L. Lesmeister
Political Science Theses and Capstones
There is no question; nurses play a key role in healthcare. Nurses provide direct care, coordinate health promotion activities, educate, and provide support and advocacy to patients. Today, there are over two million registered nurses in the United States. My research aims to determine the variables that influence some nurses to be more politically active and more engaged in unionization than their counterparts. I analyze The National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses 2004 looking at a variety of potential explanations for union participation. Findings show a strong regional variation in the percentage of unionization, however, some of the conventional explanations …
Copper’S Corollaries: Trade And Labour Migration In The Copperbelt (1910-1940),
2013
University of Cologne
Copper’S Corollaries: Trade And Labour Migration In The Copperbelt (1910-1940), Enid Guene
Zambia Social Science Journal
The geopolitical importance of the mining industry in Zambia and Katanga, and the rural-urban migration patterns that it brought about, has been the subject of many studies. And yet, the extent to which these industries were interdependent is often downplayed or overlooked. Looking more closely at the history of the Zambian and Katangese Copperbelts, one can see that, despite their separateness, there was interplay between them. During the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia (1899-1924), Northern Rhodesia was developed as an important labour and food reserve for the Katangese mines. Following the onset of the Great Depression in the …
Wealth, Success, And Personhood: Trajectories Of Labour Migration From Mwinilunga District, 1930s-1970s,
2013
University of Leiden
Wealth, Success, And Personhood: Trajectories Of Labour Migration From Mwinilunga District, 1930s-1970s, Iva Peša
Zambia Social Science Journal
What were the causes and consequences of labour migration from Mwinilunga District between the 1930s and 1970s? Within Zambian historiography, economic and political aspects of labour migration have received much attention. Labour migration has been analysed within dichotomies of rural-urban, development-underdevelopment or tradition-modernity. Instead, this article proposes to bridge such dichotomies and to foreground the socio-cultural dispositions behind labour migration. If mobility is viewed as a social, rather than a geographical practice, connections and long-term continuities come to light. Through the case of Mwinilunga District the causes, motives and effects of labour migration will be examined. Why did individuals decide …
Jobs Don’T Grow On Trees,
2013
University of Minnesota - Morris
Jobs Don’T Grow On Trees, Nicholas Johnson
Undergraduate Research Symposium 2013
Most contemporary macroeconomic models account for unemployment by making the simplifying assumptions that 1) there is an equilibrium level of unemployment and that 2) when the economy is not at that level it will tend towards equilibrium. Implicit in these models is also the assumption that the actual behavior of unemployment does not affect the equilibrium level. This paper joins a growing number of economists pointing out that such assumptions are false: the equilibrium does depend on past behavior, a trait called hysteresis. This paper considers the hysteresis hypothesis by using an iterated version of OLS to construct a series …
Allowing For Low-Cost Labor In Underdeveloped And Developing Countries As A Method For Initiating Economic Industrialization,
2013
Southeastern University - Lakeland
Allowing For Low-Cost Labor In Underdeveloped And Developing Countries As A Method For Initiating Economic Industrialization, Jordon A. Wolfram
Selected Honors Theses
The topic presented here closely examines the link between low-cost labor and the affect that it has on initiating industrialization in underdeveloped and developed countries. It can ultimately create a better standard of living for a country’s general population in the future, but the initial conditions for the laborers can be harsh. The low wage labor force achieves this goal by creating a competitive labor market which has the ability to stimulate economic growth. Once the initial steps of creating manufacturing and industry are achieved, then the general standard of living has robust potential to increase in the country as …
