Labor Economics Commons^™

The Weaponization Of Poverty: An Investigation Into United States Military Recruitment Practices In High Schools Of Low-Income Communities In The Inland Empire, Michael Springer-Gould

Pitzer Senior Theses

Military recruitment in the United States is a highly contentious subject that has yielded a multitude of prior research across a variety of academic concentrations. To further the conversation, I narrow my focus to Southern California’s Inland Empire (IE) to explore practices of military recruitment in high schools that serve students in low-income communities. I begin with a general overview of life and labor in the Inland Empire before moving into prior research on military recruitment. My empirical research consists of five in-depth interviews documenting the lived experiences of individuals hailing from and attending high school in low-income communities of …

Three Essays On Entry Barriers And Incentives In Labor Markets, Samuel Ingram

Theses and Dissertations--Economics

Occupational choice at the margin depends on both the incentives for entry and barriers to entry. The primary entry barrier determined by regulation is an occupational license. These are government laws determining the minimum qualifications to enter an occupation including education, testing, fees, and background checks. These regulations are currently enforced on 25% of the US labor market. The laws are crafted to protect consumers from unsafe goods and services but also have important consequences in labor market outcomes. The consequences may include fewer workers entering the profession, changes to which workers enter the profession, and altering competition, all of …

Three Essays On The Economics Of Education Expansion, Xiaozhou Ding

Theses and Dissertations--Economics

My dissertation consists of three essays that study the unintended consequences of education policies. The first two essays examine the impact of higher education expansion in China on household saving rate and individual migration rate. The third essay looks into the impact of a school redistricting plan and the construction a new school on housing prices in Fayette County, Kentucky.

In the first essay, I utilize the large national expansion on higher education in China which exogenously increase the enrollment of college students, to estimate the induced change in the expected college probability and how it affects saving rates for …

The Impact Of Daca On The Labor Force: An Analysis On Non-Native Wage Growth, Chantal Balta

Scripps Senior Theses

Considering the recent efforts of the Trump Administration to rescind the Deferred Act for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), I wanted to explore how this policy has impacted the American labor market since its inception in 2012. Specifically, this paper discusses the impact of DACA on non-native wage growth. By using data from the American Community Survey from the years 2000-2016, we will use a difference-in-difference model to see the impact of the policy on immigrants recorded in the dataset by using the native-born labor force as a control. Initial results indicate that there is no statistically significant impact on non-native wage …

The Timing Of Childbirth: Does The Age Of First-Time Mothers Affect The Parental Gender Earnings Gap?, Anna Graves

CMC Senior Theses

This paper assesses the impact the timing of first birth may have on the parental gender wage gap. Using data from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), I use a pooled, cross-sectional sample of full-time parents in the United States labor force to examine the relationship between earnings and age at first birth for mothers and fathers and any relative difference that arises between the two. My findings indicate the presence of a parental gender wage gap, and that the timing of first birth can significantly impact parental wages. In addition, my results suggest that the timing …

The Impact Of Loan Forgiveness Programs On Out-Of-State Migration, Jessica Vongsaphay

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This research paper seeks to understand the effectiveness of state-sponsored loan forgiveness policies on migration decisions for health professionals. Many factors are taken into consideration when deciding on whether to move, including economic and personal preference. The preferences of recent college graduates (who largely consider job opportunity, urban life, and social amenities) can differ from the preferences of retiring professionals (where space, amenities, and weather may be large factors). With the growth in student debt, states have begun implementing loan forgiveness programs. While these programs can be aimed mainly at encouraging higher education, state sponsored programs that require a minimum …

The Precariat And The Pandemic: Assessing The Wellbeing Of Metro Orlando's Hospitality Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Caroline Austin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

In 2018, the Orlando metro area was visited by 126.1 million tourists, a new record which the area has broken for its eighth year (Sanata 2019). As the number of visitors to the area continues to rise, so has the number of people employed by the hospitality industry which currently makes up the largest sector of the area's job market, employing 280,000 workers as of December 2019 (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Consistent growth in various insecure and unstable jobs of this kind have prompted the development of theory regarding the emergence of a new class known as the precariat. The …

Gender Gap Pada Tingkat Partisipasi Kerja Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta, Azwar Anas, Maria Goreti Arie Damayanti

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

This research aims to decompose the employment participation rate to explain gender gap in DKI Jakarta Province in three periods (1995, 2005, and 2015). Determinant of employment participation rate of men and women was estimated by probit regression model and marginal effect. Non-linear decomposition technique used to analyze the source of gender gap. The results show that the main cause of gender gap comes from structural factors in the labor market (discrimination). The value of the gender gap in 20 years has decreased, in 1995, 2005, and 2015 it was 40,82%; 39,17%; and 29,34% respectively. It shows that the discrimnination …

Pengaruh Pekerja Keluarga Dan Peran Inovasi Terhadap Produktivitas Usaha Di Indonesia, Subhan Fikri Lubis, Andi Fahmi Lubis

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of family involvement through business ownership (own capital) and the involvement of family members (family workers) in companies/micro and small enterprises in Indonesia on the productivity of their business. Based on previous studies, family involvement can decrease and increase productivity. With relatively small capital, less qualified workforce and low technology productivity of micro and small industries that employ family members within the company will tend to be lower because they will be more avoiding risky changes. The role of innovation can be proven as moderate in the research is expected …

An Empirical Analysis Of Company Culture: Using Glassdoor Data To Measure The Impact Of Culture And Employee Satisfaction On Performance, Linnea Uyeno

CMC Senior Theses

This paper examines the impact of culture and employee satisfaction on company performance; it considers which elements of culture are most important in specific industries: manufacturing, technology, and finance. Additionally, it explores whether these elements of productive cultures are also associated with employee satisfaction. It uses data from the MIT Sloan Management Review/Glassdoor Culture 500 database, which applied machine learning to analyze 1.2 million Glassdoor reviews. This data quantitatively measures nine dimensions of culture: agility, collaboration, customer focus, diversity, execution, innovation, integrity performance, and respect—assigning each company a score for every cultural dimension. Two depende­­­nt variables are used to measure …

The Determinants Of Sectoral Employment In Nepal, Thaman P. Bastola

Masters Theses

This paper uses the data from 1991 to 2019 to analyze the determinants of employment in agriculture, industrial, and service sectors of Nepal. The data are gotten from the world development indicators (WDI), human development indicators (HDI) and Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). The results show that significant determinants of employment in Nepal areeducation, health, population growth, interest rate, inflation rate and political conflict.The education, health, population growth, and inflation are inversely related to the employment of agricultural sectors employment. Likewise, the industrial sector employment is positively affected by the health and political conflict, and negatively affected by the level of …

Beauty Premium, Information Signaling And Job Opportunities Of Ex-Prisoners In Labour Market, Taksaorn Phuchongpravech

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis studies the impact of factors influencing ex-prisoners' labour market re-entry. It is separated into three studies. The first study evaluates the effect of beauty premiums from cosmetic surgery on male ex-prisoners under asymmetric information settings where employers are unaware of candidates' criminal history. Using a Choice Experiment approach (CEs), the beauty from cosmetic surgery performs as the signal submitted to 400 employers. The results show that the beauty from cosmetic surgery associates with the increase of possibility of candidates in the experiments being chosen by 3.05 and 1.54 times, in the formal and informal sector, respectively. The second …

Investigating Discrimination In Major League Baseball: Not So Perfect Competition, Esteban Rivera

Theses - Graduate Programs in Economic Theory and Policy

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in Major League Baseball. Elite Latino players are signing long-term extensions early in their careers, years before they reach free agency. This dissertation investigates wage differentials between races among players with over six years of service time in the MLB. First, some of the reasons why Latino players are pressured into accepting extensions early in their career are presented. Then, I estimate several models controlling for different types of performance. The statistic Wins Above Replacement measures all aspects of a player’s performance, making it an ideal tool for labor market studies. …

Do Shifts In Labor Shares In Productivity Growth Affect Poverty And Inequality? A Comparative Study Of Sub-Saharan Africa And Asia, Precious W. Allor

Masters Theses

This paper examines whether productivity growth induced by intersectoral labor movement affects inequality and poverty. To address this question a nonparametric shift-share decomposition technique is employed to decompose productivity growth into the structural change component; the component of productivity growth that is induced by the intersectoral labor movement, and the technological change component; the component of productivity growth that is induced by capital or improvements in productive efficiency. The paper then examines the long-run impact of structural change-induced productivity growth on poverty and inequality for a sample of 28 countries, and with a focus on Sub-saharan Africa and Asia. The …

Examining A Dynamic Leadership Approach That Influences Job Satisfaction In Dynamic And Stable Environments, Francois Kammoe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Effectively managing the turnover of qualified staff has become a major challenge for managers. In this dynamic business era, companies in various industries experience an annual staff turnover rate of at least 10%. Scholars have linked employee turnover to job dissatisfaction and inadequate leadership styles. A quantitative non-experimental correlation study was conducted to examine the relationship between servant, transactional, and transformational leadership styles and employee job satisfaction as well as the moderating and mediating mechanisms in which this relationship occurs. The theoretical framework for this study included Harber and McMaster's dynamic leadership approach, the adaptable emphasis leadership model by Staats, …

Strategies Road Freight Transport Leaders Use To Increase Driver Retention, Johnny Mumphrey Jr.

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The turnover of skilled over-the-road (OTR) truck drivers in the road freight transportation (RFT) industry results in significant yearly financial losses to organizations across the United States. Leaders in the industry continue to struggle to develop successful strategies for retaining these drivers. Grounded in the motivation hygiene theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies 5 transformational leaders from two RFT firms in North Texas used to improve OTR driver retention. Data collection included semi structured face-to-face interviews, a review of company webpages, and an assessment of company documents (e.g., employee handbooks, training manuals, and vision …

Examining Barriers Impacting Women’S Promotion Into C-Suite Positions In Higher Education, Lynette Johnson Nelson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The United States Department of Labor indicated that women represent 46.8% and men represent 53.2% of the United States’ 16 years and older civilian labor force. An estimated 52% of adult women compared to 48% of men participating in the civilian labor force held a bachelor’s degree or higher, and women represented 47% of the management and professional sector’s positions. Women occupy 25% of C-suite positions in the Standard & Poor 500 companies. In higher education, 30% of college presidents are women. Women continue to face several barriers as they try to move into senior executive leadership positions. The specific …

Supply Shock Versus Demand Shock: The Local Effects Of New Housing In Low-Income Areas, Brian J. Asquith, Evan Mast, Davin Reed

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

We study the local effects of new market-rate housing in low-income areas using microdata on large apartment buildings, rents, and migration. New buildings decrease nearby rents by 5 to 7 percent relative to locations slightly farther away or developed later, and they increase in-migration from low-income areas. Results are driven by a large supply effect—we show that new buildings absorb many high-income households—that overwhelms any offsetting endogenous amenity effect. The latter may be small because most new buildings go into already-changing areas. Contrary to common concerns, new buildings slow local rent increases rather than initiate or accelerate them.

Rethinking State Economic Development Strategies: Or, How To Maximize Benefits For State Residents’ Earnings Per Capita, Timothy J. Bartik

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Latinx Millennials Won’T Surrender To Tech-Industry Bias, Josefina F. Bruni

Capstones

Organizations like Techqueria, which seek to improve the odds of Latinx in the tech labor market, have been popping up since 2014 among minorities and other marginalized social groups, with names like LGTBQ in Tech, Blacks in Technology, Latinas in Tech and Lesbians Who Tech. They’re free, fluid and informal, with members constantly exchanging information and support. While they offer many opportunities for face-to-face gatherings, they are powered by social media.

Some of these collective efforts are no more than Slack workspaces. Others cross multiple platforms or even have web pages. Some have even incorporated. But all …