Statistics and Probability Commons^™

An Alternative Test For The Equality Of Intraclass Correlation Coefficients Under Unequal Family Sizes For Several Populations, Madhusudan Bhandary, Koji Fujiwara

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

An alternative test for the equality of several intraclass correlation coefficients under unequal family sizes based on several independent multinormal samples is proposed. It was found that the alternative test consistently and reliably produced results superior to those of Likelihood ratio test (LRT) proposed by Bhandary and Alam (2000) and F_max test proposed by Bhandary and Fujiwara (2006) in terms of power for various combinations of intraclass correlation coefficient values and also the alternative test stays closer to the significance level under null hypothesis compared to the Likelihood ratio test and F_max test. This alternative test is computationally …

Inference For The Rayleigh Distribution Based On Progressive Type-Ii Fuzzy Censored Data, Abbas Pak, Gholam Ali Parham, Mansour Saraj

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Classical statistical analysis of the Rayleigh distribution deals with precise information. However, in real world situations, experimental performance results cannot always be recorded or measured precisely, but each observable event may only be identified with a fuzzy subset of the sample space. Therefore, the conventional procedures used for estimating the Rayleigh distribution parameter will need to be adapted to the new situation. This article discusses different estimation methods for the parameters of the Rayleigh distribution on the basis of a progressively type-II censoring scheme when the available observations are described by means of fuzzy information. They include the maximum likelihood …

Distance Correlation Coefficient: An Application With Bayesian Approach In Clinical Data Analysis, Atanu Bhattacharjee

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The distance correlation coefficient – based on the product-moment approach – is one method by which to explore the relationship between variables. The Bayesian approach is a powerful tool to determine statistical inferences with credible intervals. Prior information about the relationship between BP and Serum cholesterol was applied to formulate the distance correlation between the two variables. The conjugate prior is considered to formulate the posterior estimates of the distance correlations. The illustrated method is simple and is suitable for other experimental studies.

Oscillation Theorems For Fourth-Order Half-Linear Delay Dynamic Equations With Damping, Ravi P. Agarwal, Martin Bohner, Tongxing Li, Chenghui Zhang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article is concerned with oscillatory behavior of a class of fourth-order half-linear delay dynamic equations with damping on a time scale. Some new oscillation criteria are established. © 2013 Springer Basel.

A Comparison Of Prenatal Alcohol, Tobacco, And Other Drug Use Between San Luis Obispo County And Ventura County, Dana M. Williamson

Statistics

Prenatal substance abuse is a growing issue in America. It can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, long term growth, behavior, and executive functioning problems, and creates a predisposition for drug use for the child.

This project summarizes the statistical analyses comparing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use by pregnant women between San Luis Obispo County and Ventura County. The main goal of these analyses is to determine if there is a difference between San Luis Obispo County and Ventura County. This is an interesting comparison because these counties are neighboring counties, and past data have shown that the rate …

Statistical Methods For Assessing Treatment Effects For Observational Studies., Kristopher C. Gardner 1984-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Though randomized clinical (RCTs) trials are the gold standard for comparing treatments, they are often infeasible or exclude clinically important subjects, or generally represent an idealized medical setting rather than real practice. Observational data provide an opportunity to study practice-based evidence, but also present challenges for analysis. Traditional statistical methods which are suitable for RCTs may be inadequate for the observational studies. In this project, four of the most popular statistical methods for observational studies: ANCOVA, propensity score matching, regression with the propensity score as a covariate, and instrumental variables (IV) are investigated through application to MarketScan insurance claims data. …

Some New Probability Distributions Based On Random Extrema And Permutation Patterns, Jie Hao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, we study a new family of random variables, that arise as the distribution of extrema of a random number N of independent and identically distributed random variables X₁,X₂, ..., X_N, where each X_i has a common continuous distribution with support on [0,1]. The general scheme is first outlined, and SUG and CSUG models are introduced in detail where X_i is distributed as U[0,1]. Some features of the proposed distributions can be studied via its mean, variance, moments and moment-generating function. Moreover, we make some other choices for …

The Financial Crisis Was Good For Something: Improved Nonprofit Efficiency, Caitlin Paige Britt

Finance Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study explores the need for financial performance measures in the nonprofit sector and the impact the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis had upon nonprofits’ efficiency. This analysis tests the hypothesis that the financial crisis actually improved nonprofit efficiency by forcing nonprofits to eliminate unnecessary costs, continue to produce their services, thus improving operational efficiency, despite decreased donor contributions and increased user need. Entries reported on nonprofits’ IRS 990 forms from 2003-2010 determined whether nonprofit efficiency was significantly different after the crisis. The efficiencies used to measure the impact of the Financial Crisis include: Program Expense Efficiency, Administrative Expense Efficiency, Fundraising Expense …

Median Based Modified Ratio Estimators With Known Quartiles Of An Auxiliary Variable, Jambulingam Subramani, G Prabavathy

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

New median based modified ratio estimators for estimating a finite population mean using quartiles and functions of an auxiliary variable are proposed. The bias and mean squared error of the proposed estimators are obtained and the mean squared error of the proposed estimators are compared with the usual simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) sample mean, ratio estimator, a few existing modified ratio estimators, the linear regression estimator and median based ratio estimator for certain natural populations. A numerical study shows that the proposed estimators perform better than existing estimators; in addition, it is shown that the proposed median based …

On The Exponentiated Weibull Distribution For Modeling Wind Speed In South Western Nigeria, Olanrewaju I. Shittu, K A. Adepoju

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

One of the bases for assessment of wind energy potential for a specified region is the probability distribution of wind speed. Thus, appropriate and adequate specification of the probability distribution of wind speed becomes increasingly important. Several distributions have been proposed for describing wind distribution. Among the most popular distributions is the Weibull whose choice is due to its flexibility. An exponentiated Weibull distribution is proposed as an alternative to model wind speed data with a view to comparing it with the existing Weibull distribution. Results indicate that the proposed distribution outperforms the existing Weibull distribution for modeling wind speed …

Robust Regression Analysis For Non-Normal Situations Under Symmetric Distributions Arising In Medical Research, S S. Ganguly

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

In medical research, while carrying out regression analysis, it is usually assumed that the independent (covariates) and dependent (response) variables follow a multivariate normal distribution. In some situations, the covariates may not have normal distribution and instead may have some symmetric distribution. In such a situation, the estimation of the regression parameters using Tiku’s Modified Maximum Likelihood (MML) method may be more appropriate. The method of estimating the parameters is discussed and the applications of the method are illustrated using real sets of data from the field of public health.

Jmasm 33: A Two Dependent Samples Maximum Test Calculator: Excel, Saverpierre Maggio, Shlomo Sawilowsky

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

An Excel Macro was created to provide researchers with an easy to use resource in order to calculate the two dependent samples maximum test as provided in Maggio and Sawilowsky (2014), which permits conducting both the two dependent samples t-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test on the same data while eliminating concerns related to Type I error inflation and choice of statistical tests.

Vol. 13, No. 1 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

Relative Importance Of Predictors In Multilevel Modeling, Yan Liu, Bruno D. Zumbo, Amery D. Wu

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The Pratt index is a useful and practical strategy for day-to-day researchers when ordering predictors in a multiple regression analysis. The purposes of this study are to introduce and demonstrate the use of the Pratt index to assess the relative importance of predictors for a random intercept multilevel model.

Predicting Survival Time Of Localized Melanoma Patients Using Discrete Survival Time Method, Taysseer Sharaf, Chris P. Tsokos

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Melanoma is the most fatal type of skin cancer. It is ranked first in death of skin cancer diseases. This study establishes a statistical model that can predict the survival time of localized melanoma patients, as a function of age at diagnosis, tumor thickness, and extension of the tumor (tumor invasion). The discrete time survival method was used to build the statistical model. The patients involved in the current study were observed from the SEER database. Patients were divided into nine groups according to age at diagnosis. Variation in survival time was found to be significant among some of the …

Population Mean Estimation With Sub Sampling The Non-Respondents Using Two Phase Sampling, Sunil Kumar, M Viswanathaiah

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The problem of non-response in double (or two phase) sampling is dealt with combined ratio, product and regression estimators. Expressions of bias and MSE for these estimators are obtained. Comparisons of a proposed strategy with a usual unbiased estimator and other estimators are carried out and results obtained are illustrated numerically using an empirical sample.

Estimation And Testing In Type-Ii Generalized Half Logistic Distribution, R R. L. Kantam, V Ramakrishna, M S. Ravikumar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A generalization of the Half Logistic Distribution is developed through exponentiation of its survival function and named the Type II Generalized Half Logistic Distribution (GHLD). The distributional characteristics are presented and estimation of its parameters using maximum likelihood and modified maximum likelihood methods is studied with comparisons. Discrimination between Type II GHLD and exponential distribution in pairs is conducted via likelihood ratio criterion.

A Compound Of Geeta Distribution With Generalized Beta Distribution, Adil Rashid, T R. Jan

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A compound of Geeta distribution with Generalized Beta distribution (GBD) is obtained and the compound is specialized for different values of β. The first order factorial moments of some special compound distributions are also obtained. A chronological overview of recent developments in the compounding of distributions is provided in the introduction.

Hierarchical Clustering With Simple Matching And Joint Entropy Dissimilarity Measure, A Mete ÇilingtüRk, ÖZlem ErgüT

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Conventional clustering algorithms are restricted for use with data containing ratio or interval scale variables; hence, distances are used. As social studies require merely categorical data, the literature is enriched with more complicated clustering techniques and algorithms of categorical data. These techniques are based on similarity or dissimilarity matrices. The algorithms are using density based or pattern based approaches. A probabilistic nature to similarity structure is proposed. The entropy dissimilarity measure has comparable results with simple matching dissimilarity at hierarchical clustering. It overcomes dimension increase through binarization of the categorical data. This approach is also functional with the clustering methods, …

An Exploratory Graphical Method For Identifying Associations In R X C Contingency Tables, Martin L. Lesser, Meredith B. Akerman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

On finding a significant association between rows and columns of an r x c contingency table, the next step is to study the nature of the association in more detail. The use of a scree plot to visualize the largest contributions to Χ² among all cells in the table in order to determine the nature of the association in more detail is proposed.