Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Gaw20: Methods And Strategies For The New Frontiers Of Epigenetics And Pharmacogenomics, Nathan L. Tintle, David W. Fardo, Marzia De Andrade, Stella Aslibekyan, Julia N. Bailey, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Rita M. Cantor, Saurabh Ghosh, Philip Melton, Xuexua Wang, Jean W. Maccluer, Laura Almasy

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

GAW20 provided a platform for developing and evaluating statistical methods to analyze human lipid-related phenotypes, DNA methylation, and single-nucleotide markers in a study involving a pharmaceutical intervention. In this article, we present an overview of the data sets and the contributions analyzing these data. The data, donated by the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) investigators, included data from 188 families (N = 1105) which included genome-wide DNA methylation data before and after a 3-week treatment with fenofibrate, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, metabolic syndrome components before and after treatment, and a variety of covariates. The contributions from individual …

Association Analyses Of Repeated Measures On Triglyceride And High-Density Lipoprotein Levels: Insights From Gaw20, Saurabh Ghosh, David W. Fardo

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background: The GAW20 group formed on the theme of methods for association analyses of repeated measures comprised 4sets of investigators. The provided “real” data set included genotypes obtained from a human whole-genome association study based on longitudinal measurements of triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein in addition to methylation levels before and after administration of fenofibrate. The simulated data set contained 200 replications of methylation levels and posttreatment TGs, mimicking the real data set.

Results: The different investigators in the group focused on the statistical challenges unique to family-based association analyses of phenotypes measured longitudinally and applied a wide spectrum of …

Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Associated With Increased Unstimulated Levels Of Interferon-Gamma In Lima, Peru, Moises A. Huaman, David Henson, Paola L. Rondan, Eduardo Ticona, Gustavo Miranda, Richard J. Kryscio, Raquel Mugruza, Ernesto Aranda, Cesar Ticona, Susan Abarca, Paula Heredia, Andres Aguirre, Timothy R. Sterling, Beth A. Garvy, Carl J. Fichtenbaum

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

We previously reported increased unstimulated blood levels of interferon-gamma in persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the United States, suggesting enhanced immune activation in LTBI. To investigate this further in a TB-endemic setting, we assessed interferon-gamma levels in persons with and without LTBI in Peru.

Methods

We analyzed data from patients with and without a recent type 1 (spontaneous) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were enrolled from two public hospital networks in Lima, Peru, and underwent LTBI testing using the QuantiFERON® TB Gold In-tube (QFT) assay. Participants with a positive QFT test were defined as having LTBI, whereas …

The Impact Of Peer Support On The Risk Of Future Hospital Readmissions Among Older Adults With A Medical Illness And Co-Occurring Depression, Kyaien O. Conner, Tamara Cadet, Monique J. Brown, Joshua T. Barnett

Faculty Publications

Older adults account for 60% of all preventable hospital readmissions. Although not all readmissions are preventable, evidence indicates that up to 75% of hospital readmissions can be prevented with enhanced patient education, pre-discharge assessment, and effective care upon discharge. Social support, specifically peer support, after discharge from hospital may be a crucial factor in minimizing the risk of preventable hospital readmission. The pilot study reported here evaluated the relationship between peer support and hospital readmissions in a sample of depressed older adults (N = 41) who were recently discharged from hospital due to a medical condition and who simultaneously had …

Effects Of The Affordable Care Act On Health Care Access And Self-Assessed Health After 3 Years, Charles J. Courtemanche, James Marton, Benjamin Ukert, Aaron Yelowitz, Daniela Zapata

Economics Faculty Publications

Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examine the causal impact of the Affordable Care Act on health-related outcomes after 3 years. We estimate difference-in-difference-in-differences models that exploit variation in treatment intensity from 2 sources: (1) local area prereform uninsured rates from 2013 and (2) state participation in the Medicaid expansion. Including the third postreform year leads to 2 important insights. First, gains in health insurance coverage and access to care from the policy continued to increase in the third year. Second, an improvement in the probability of reporting excellent health emerged in the third year, with …

Cross-Sectional Hiv Incidence Estimation Accounting For Heterogeneity Across Communities, Yuejia Xu, Oliver B. Laeyendecker, Rui Wang

Harvard University Biostatistics Working Paper Series

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Multiple Imputation Methods For Categorical Survey Items With High Missing Rates: Application To The Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health And Eating (Flashe) Study, Benmei Liu, Erin Hennessy, April Oh, Laura A. Dwyer, Linda Nebeling

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Two multiple imputation methods, the Sequential Regression Multivariate Imputation Algorithm and the Cox-Lannacchione Weighted Sequential Hotdeck, were examined and compared to impute highly missing categorical variables from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating (FLASHE) study. This paper describes the imputation approaches and results from the study.

Dealing With Sensitive Quantitative Variables: A Comparison Of Sampling Designs For The Procedure Of Gupta And Thornton, Carlos Narciso Bouza Herrera, Prayas Sharma

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The use of randomized response procedures allows diminishing the number of non-responses and increasing the accuracy of the responses. A new sampling strategy is developed where the reports are scrambled using the procedure of Gupta and Thornton. The estimator of the mean as well as the errors are developed for the Rao-Hartley-Cochran and Ranked Sets Sampling designs. The proposals are compared with the original model based on the use of simple random sampling.

Bayesian And Semi-Bayesian Estimation Of The Parameters Of Generalized Inverse Weibull Distribution, Kamaljit Kaur, Kalpana K. Mahajan, Sangeeta Arora

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Bayesian and semi-Bayesian estimators of parameters of the generalized inverse Weibull distribution are obtained using Jeffreys’ prior and informative prior under specific assumptions of loss function. Using simulation, the relative efficiency of the proposed estimators is obtained under different set-ups. A real life example is also given.

A Further Extension Of The Extended Riemann-Liouville Fractional Derivative Operator, Martin Bohner, Gauhar Rahman, Shahid Mubeen, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The main objective of this paper is to establish the extension of an extended fractional derivative operator by using an extended beta function recently defined by Parmar et al. by considering the Bessel functions in its kernel. We also give some results related to the newly defined fractional operator, such as Mellin transform and relations to extended hypergeometric and Appell's function via generating functions.

Effectiveness Of 4-Aminopyridine For The Management Of Spasticity In Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review, Joshua Weiner, Jane Hsieh, Amanda Mcintyre, Robert Teasell

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Background: Spasticity is a common secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), which can severely impact functional independence and quality of life. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker that has been studied as an intervention for spasticity in individuals with SCI. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of 4-AP for the management of spasticity in individuals with SCI. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on five electronic databases for articles published in English up to January 2017. Studies were included if (1) the sample size was three or more subjects, (2) …

Semicontinuity Of Betweenness Functions, Paul Bankston, Aisling Mccluskey, Richard J. Smith

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

A ternary relational structure〈X,[⋅,⋅,⋅]〉, interpreting a notion of betweenness, gives rise to the family of intervals, with interval [a,b] being defined as the set of elements of X between a and b. Under very reasonable circumstances, X is also equipped with some topological structure, in such a way that each interval is a closed nonempty subset of X. The question then arises as to the continuity behavior—within the hyperspace context—of the betweenness function {x,y}↦[x,y]. We investigate two broad scenarios: the first involves metric spaces and Menger's betweenness interpretation; the second deals with continua and the subcontinuum interpretation.

Web-Based Application To Support Physical Fitness Information Of Elderly People, Yudhy Dharmawan, Suroto Suroto, Priguna Septia Putra

Kesmas

Penduduk lanjut usia (lansia) semakin banyak seiring meningkatnya usia harapan hidup. Banyak upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah kesakitan di lansia, salah satunya dari aspek preventif dengan menjaga kebugaran para lansia. Untuk memonitor status kebugaran lansia, maka diperlukan aplikasi pemantauan kebugaran jasmani berbasis teknologi web karena tidak ada sistem yang merekam data kebugaran para lansia. Aplikasi ini ditujukan untuk merekam data kebugaran jasmani para lansia untuk merekomendasikan gym yang sesuai berdasarkan kondisi kesehatan yang dapat diakses di mana saja. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan MYSQL sebagai pengolahan basis data yang dilengkapi dengan grafik untuk memantau kebugaran jasmaninya. …

The Implementation Of Documentation By Midwives In Pekanbaru, Wan Anita

Kesmas

Dokumentasi kebidanan adalah suatu bukti pencatatan dan pelaporan yang dimiliki oleh bidan dalam melakukan catatan perawatan yang berguna untuk kepentingan pasien, bidan, dan tim kesehatan. Pendokumentasian dapat diterapkan dengan metode Subjektif, Objektif, Analisa dan Perencanaan (SOAP). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan dokumentasi SOAP oleh bidan di Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2016. Penelitian bersifat kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang analitik. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh populasi bidan yang praktik mandiri atau di rumah bersalin di Kota Pekanbaru dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 191 bidan yang diambil dengan prosedur systematic random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara langsung dengan …

Adolescent’S Knowledge And Skill To Refuse Drugs, Lucky Herawati, Johan Arief Budiman, Haryono Haryono

Kesmas

Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencegah remaja dari penggunaan narkoba, kendatipun evaluasi pengetahuan dan keterampilan remaja menolak narkoba belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 300 remaja, siswa kelas 7 atau setara usia 12-15 tahun di dua kota di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian analitik bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, keterampilan remaja menolak narkoba, dan hubungan keduanya dengan karakteristik remaja. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan remaja tentang narkoba, keterampilan menolak narkoba, dan karakteristik remaja, yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner (self-reported questionnaire). Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman rho, dengan tingkat signifikansi 95 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai …

P-Value Histograms: Inference And Diagnostics, Patrick Breheny, Arnold Stromberg, Joshua Lambert

Statistics Faculty Publications

It is increasingly common for experiments in biology and medicine to involve large numbers of hypothesis tests. A natural graphical method for visualizing these tests is to construct a histogram from the p-values of these tests. In this article, we examine the shapes, both regular and irregular, that these histograms can take on, as well as present simple inferential procedures that help to interpret the shapes in terms of diagnosing potential problems with the experiment. We examine potential causes of these problems in detail, and discuss potential remedies. Throughout, examples of irregular-looking p-value histograms are provided and based …

Factors Influencing Immunisation Schedule Adherence And Completion At The Regional Level In The Philippines, Paolo Miguel Manalang Vicerra

Kesmas

Penyebab utama kematian bayi sebagian besar dapat dicegah dan terdapat alasan baik dari sisi suplai maupun permintaan layanan kesehatan hal itu dapat terus berlangsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan memastikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku layanan kesehatan preventif imunisasi bayi di Filipina yang tepat waktu karena tingkat kelengkapan, atau kepatuhan, telah stabil dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembuatan model statistik di tingkat subnasional. Sampel berisi bayi yang lahir sebelum Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Nasional Filipina tahun 2013 untuk menentukan kepatuhan yang tepat terhadap jadwal imunisasi yang dimandatkan oleh pemerintah. Hal ini melibatkan penggabungan 17 wilayah administratif negara ke tiga wilayah …

Husband’S Support For Their Wives In Antenatal Care Visit, Awalia Hanifah, Hadi Pratomo, Giang Hoang

Kesmas

Di wilayah Puskesmas Cimanggis, Kota Depok, cakupan kunjungan antenatal pertama (K1) dan kunjungan ke-4 (K4) sebesar 99,4% (2013) dan 91% (2014). Dukungan suami ibu hamil merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam kunjungan antenatal pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai faktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat dari dukungan suami terhadap ANC istrinya dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Assessment Procedure. Lima suami dan istrinya yang sedang hamil dipilih sebagai informan serta dua bidan puskesmas sebagai informan kunci. Analisis data menggunakan matriks data kualitatif dan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor predisposisi, pemungkin dan penguat dari suami …

Influential Host Factors To The Incidence Of Hiv/Aids In Key Populations In Pati District, Dwi Murtono, Puguh Riyanto, Zahroh Shaluhiyah

Kesmas

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan penyakit berbahaya di dunia yang salah satu metode penularannya adalah melalui hubungan seksual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian HIV/AIDS pada populasi kunci. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Maret sampai September 2016. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol pada populasi kunci di Kabupaten Pati. Kasus sebanyak 53 pasien positif HIV/AIDS, sedangkan kontrol sebanyak 53 pasien negative HIV/AIDS.Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh dari riwayat medis dan wawancara kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji kai kuadrat pada analisis bivariat dan regresi logistik ganda pada analisis multivariat. …

Unsafe Behavior Of Workers In Rotary Lathe Section In One Of The Plywood Industries In East Kalimantan, Iwan Muhamad Ramdan, Dyyka Indah Wijayanti

Kesmas

Kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia, dua faktor utama penyebabnya adalah perilaku dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang tidak aman. Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan penyebab utamanya adalah faktor perilaku yang tidak aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku tidak aman dalam bekerja pada tenaga kerja di PT IAW dan menganalisis faktor yang paling berpengaruh. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2016 terhadap 104 sampel penelitian. Variabel bebas terdiri dari persepsi, komunikasi, pengawasan, ketersediaan alat pelindung diri (APD), pelatihan dan suhu lingkungan kerja. Variabel terikat adalah perilaku tidak aman. Analisis data menggunakan …