Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Public Acceptance Of Guidance And Regulations For Space Flight Participation, Cory Trunkhill, Robert Joslin, Joseph Keebler

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Space flight participants are not professional astronauts and not subject to the rules and guidance covering space flight crewmembers. Ordinal logistic regression of survey data was utilized to explore public acceptance of current medical screening recommendations and regulations for safety risk and implied liability for civil space flight participation. Independent variables constituted participant demographic representations while dependent variables represented current Federal Aviation Administration guidance and regulations. Odds ratios were derived based on the demographic categories to interpret likelihood of acceptance for the criteria. Significant likely acceptance of guidance and regulations was found for five of twelve demographic variables influencing public …

Evaluating Models Of Scanpath Prediction, Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge

MODVIS Workshop

No abstract provided.

Optimizing Tumor Xenograft Experiments Using Bayesian Linear And Nonlinear Mixed Modelling And Reinforcement Learning, Mary Lena Bleile

Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations

Tumor xenograft experiments are a popular tool of cancer biology research. In a typical such experiment, one implants a set of animals with an aliquot of the human tumor of interest, applies various treatments of interest, and observes the subsequent response. Efficient analysis of the data from these experiments is therefore of utmost importance. This dissertation proposes three methods for optimizing cancer treatment and data analysis in the tumor xenograft context. The first of these is applicable to tumor xenograft experiments in general, and the second two seek to optimize the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy in the tumor xenograft …

Development Of Bayesian Hierarchical Methods Involving Meta-Analysis, Jackson Barth

Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations

When conducting statistical analysis in the Bayesian paradigm, the most critical decision made by the researcher is the identification of a prior distribution for a parameter. Despite the mathematical soundness of the Bayesian approach, a wrongly specified prior can lead to biased and incorrect results. To avoid this, prior distributions should be based on real data, which are easily accessible in the "big data" era. This dissertation explores two applications of Bayesian hierarchical modelling that incorporate information obtained from a meta-analysis.

The first of these applications is in the normalization of genomics data, specifically for nanostring nCounter datasets. A meta-analysis …

Empirical Likelihood Ratio Tests For Homogeneity Of Distributions Of Component Lifetimes From System Lifetime Data With Known System Structures, Jingjing Qu

Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations

In system reliability, practitioners may be interested in testing the homogeneity of the component lifetime distributions based on system lifetimes from multiple data sources for various reasons, such as identifying the component supplier that provides the most reliable components.

In the first part of the dissertation, we develop distribution-free hypothesis testing procedures for the homogeneity of the component lifetime distributions based on system lifetime data when the system structures are known. Several nonparametric testing statistics based on the empirical likelihood method are proposed for testing the homogeneity of two or more component lifetime distributions. The computational approaches to obtain the …

Identifying Key Activity Indicators In Rats' Neuronal Data Using Lasso Regularized Logistic Regression, Avery Woods

Honors Theses

This thesis aims to identify timestamps of rats’ neuronal activity that best determine behavior using a machine learning model. Neuronal data is a complex and high-dimensional dataset, and identifying the most informative features is crucial for understanding the underlying neuronal processes. The Lasso regularization technique is employed to select the most relevant features of the data to the model’s prediction. The results of this study provide insights into the key activity indicators that are associated with specific behaviors or cognitive processes in rats, as well as the effect that stress can have on neuronal activity and behavior. Ultimately, it was …

Detecting Gene-Gene Or Gene Environment Interactions In Association With Complex Disease Outcomes, Taiwo Adetunji Famuyiwa

Theses and Dissertations

Identifying gene–gene and gene–environment interaction is complicated and gainsaying most especially because of high multifactor dimensions involve in the analysis of such combination discrediting the functionality of parametric statistical method like Logistic Regression. [22] developed a multi-factor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method for detecting and characterizing high-order gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in case-control and discordant-sib-pair studies with relatively small samples, which is inspired by the combinatorial partitioning method of [18]. [16] proposed Generalized MDR (GMDR) framework based on the score of a generalized linear model which allows adjustment of covariates, provides a unified framework for handling both dichotomous and quantitative phenotypes. However, …

Identifying Limitations In Using Diagnostic Testing For Absorption Of Passive Maternal Immunity In Neonatal Beef Calves To Predict Pre-Weaning Disease, Alexis Charlotte Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

Calves are born agammaglobulinemic and rely on colostrum consumption for the transfer of maternal passive immunity. Calves that fail to absorb adequate amounts of maternal antibodies from colostrum are commonly referred to as having failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). The overall aim of this dissertation was to explore the usefulness of FTPI testing in neonatal beef calves to predict their risk for subsequent illness or death. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of FTPI on pre-weaning disease in beef and dairy calves, quantify and compare the variance in IgG concentrations measured by radial immunodiffusion and serum total protein …

Drug Ideologies Of The United States, Macy Montgomery

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

The United States has been increasingly creating lenient drug policies. Seventeen states and Washington, the District of Columbia, legalized marijuana, and Oregon decriminalized certain drugs, including methamphetamine, heroin, and cocaine. The medical community has proven that drugs, including marijuana, have myriad adverse health side effects. This leads to two questions: Why does the United States government continue to create lenient drug policies, and what reasons do citizens give for legalizing drugs when the medical community has proven them harmful? The paper hypothesizes that the disadvantages of drug legalization outweigh its benefits because of the numerous harms it causes, such as …

Application Research And Prospect Of Passive Battered Pile, Zhou Dequan, Wang Chuangye, Zhou Yi, Zhao Yadang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Battered piles oriented in specific directions demonstrate superior horizontal load-bearing capacity compared to vertical piles. However, the working mechanism of battered piles remains inadequately understood, and corresponding design standards are yet to be established. These limitations hinder the effective utilization and application of the horizontal load-bearing and stability potential of battered piles. This paper comprehensively analyzes the soil-pile interaction mechanisms, horizontal displacement, and load-bearing behavior of passive battered piles and their composite systems under lateral unloading and lateral loading conditions, using model tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. In addition, it proposes future research directions aimed at advancing the study …

Study On Applicability Of Flexible Gabion Revetment In Soft Soil Subgrade In Lake District, Su Weiwei, Lei Mingxuan, Liu Guotian, Zhang Liujun, Liu Junyong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Based on FLAC3D finite difference software, this paper conducts numerical simulations of both flexible gabion revetment structures and rigid revetment structures to compare their deformation and stress characteristics. The results indicate that the flexible gabion revetment structure demonstrates excellent applicability for soft soil subgrades in lake districts. Compared with rigid revetment structures, the gabion revetment structure improves overturning stability through coordinated deformation within the foundation. It significantly reduces the basal stress, thus lowering the bearing capacity requirements for the foundation, and ensures a more uniform stress distribution at the base, minimizing differential settlement and enhancing foundation stability. Moreover, the gabion …

Research And Application Of Dynamic Compaction Treatment Method For Highway Subgrade In Karst Development Area, Liu Xiaoming, Wang Yigang, Zhao Minghua

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This paper utilizes discrete-continuum coupled numerical simulation to investigate the failure modes of karst cave roofs with varying spans under specific compaction energy levels. The relationship between the span of the cave roof and the compaction energy required to cause roof collapse is established, providing an estimation method for the maximum unsupported span of cave roofs within the subgrade area. Based on this, the stability of karst cave foundations under the influence of subgrade loads can be evaluated. Depending on the results, a double-layer reinforced continuous concrete slab can be installed in the pavement base to enhance stability and mitigate …

Deformation Monitoring Of Highway Subgrade In Alpine Area Based On Spaceborne Insar, Luo Boren, Yu Fei, Yu Shaohuai

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The harsh geological and climatic conditions in the high-altitude alpine regions of Northwest China, including the widespread distribution of seasonal permafrost and other unfavorable geological bodies, significantly affect the service life of highways and threaten driving safety. Traditional highway deformation monitoring methods are inefficient, limited in coverage, and provide incomplete deformation information. This study employs spaceborne InSAR technology for highway deformation monitoring, enabling large-scale extraction of deformation information along highway corridors. The findings reveal the deformation patterns of highway subgrades in permafrost regions, offering fundamental data for targeted remediation of hazardous highway sections. This approach ensures the scientific construction and …

Study On Treatment Of Karst Foundation By Dynamic Compaction, Lyu Jiang, Zhao Hui, Yang Biao

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Dynamic compaction is a commonly used method for treating karst foundations with cavities; however, the design parameters of dynamic compaction under different working conditions lack clear standards. This paper employs the finite element software Abaqus to simulate the effects of surrounding rock quality and karst roof thickness on the stability of karst cave roofs during dynamic compaction treatment. The results indicate that the vertical displacement and maximum tensile stress of karst cave roofs are negatively correlated with roof thickness. For Grade II and III surrounding rocks with better properties, no cave collapse occurred after dynamic compaction treatment. In contrast, for …

Research On Compaction Control Method Of High Water Content And High Liquid Limit Clay In Guizhou Province, Xu Shuliang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To study and verify the compaction control method for high liquid limit clay subgrade in the humid and rainy regions of Guizhou Province, a series of experiments were conducted on high water content and high liquid limit clay from the Kaiyang Expressway (Kaili to Yangjia) in Guizhou. The experiments included wet heavy compaction tests, CBR strength tests, basic physical property tests, consolidation tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and trial road tests to analyze the performance of high liquid limit clay in road applications. The results show that for high liquid limit clay, increasing compaction energy does not always improve performance, as excessive …

Study On Dynamic Resilience Modulus Prediction Model Of Subgrade Fine‐Grained Soil Based On Physical Property Parameters, Tan Wei

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This paper investigates representative fine-grained subgrade soils from a highway project. Samples with varying water content and compaction degrees were prepared, and the effects of water content, compaction degree, plasticity index, dynamic deviator stress, and confining pressure on the dynamic resilience modulus (Mr) were analyzed using dynamic triaxial tests. Matlab’s global optimization toolbox was employed to identify the relationships between model parameters ki and physical property indices, thus constructing a prediction model for the dynamic resilience modulus based on physical properties. The predictive performance of this model was compared with conventional models outlined in existing standards. The results show that …

Study On Failure Mechanism Of Rainfall Slope Based On Full‐Scale Slope Model Experiment, Zhang Yongchuang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Field investigations in debris flow source areas reveal that granite is exposed on slope surfaces, while a thin layer of sandy, weathered residual soil is distributed at the slope tops. This paper focuses on the significant permeability differences between the slope base and the upper weathered soil layer. A full-scale slope model experiment was conducted to replicate these characteristics, including rainfall infiltration simulations under both exposed surface conditions and conditions with non-woven fabric filter mats applied. The aim was to investigate the failure mechanism of rainfall-induced debris flows. The results show that the primary trigger for debris flows is the …

Detection Method Of Rural Road Pavement Damage Based On Smart Phone, Zhang Yang, He Li, Tang Qingzhou, Zhang Dejin

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Automatic detection of rural road pavement damage is a critical prerequisite for scientific maintenance. To address issues such as high false detection rates, missed detection, and the inability to quantify damage when using smartphones for pavement damage detection, this paper proposes a novel detection method. The proposed method involves using a smartphone to capture pavement images. A region of interest is first selected in the image, followed by weighted least-squares filtering, Canny edge detection, and Hough transform line detection to identify the pavement, minimizing environmental interference and reducing false detection rates. Perspective transformation is then applied to the pavement region …

Research On Road Crack Recognition Model Based On Yolo V3 Deep Learning Algorithm, Su Weiguo, Wang Jingxiao

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To address the challenges of manual intervention in road crack detection and the inaccuracy of traditional recognition algorithms, this paper proposes a road crack recognition method based on the YOLO v3 deep learning algorithm. The dataset images were first resized to 416×416 pixels. Labelme was then used to annotate cracks in the images and convert the boundary box location information. Finally, the YOLO v3 algorithm framework was employed for model training. The results show that the YOLO v3 algorithm achieves precision, recall, and F1 scores above 95%, with an image detection speed of 0.123 seconds per image. The YOLO v3 …

Comparative Analysis Of Asphalt Pavement Performance Prediction Models Based On Gamma And Markov Processes, Ma Shibin, Chen Yonghao

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Pavement performance prediction is a critical component of pavement management systems, serving as an essential basis and prerequisite for decision-making in asphalt pavement maintenance. This paper introduces the relevant theories of Gamma and Markov stochastic processes to construct asphalt pavement performance prediction models and address uncertainties related to pavement degradation. The results show that stochastic process models are effective in predicting pavement performance degradation and service life. Matlab programming was used to predict asphalt pavement performance and lifespan, yielding pavement degradation curves that significantly improve prediction accuracy and reliability. Finally, taking a test road section in Hebei Province as an …