Use Of Calibrated Building Simulation To Investigate Comfort Conditions In A Healthcare Facility,
2018
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
Use Of Calibrated Building Simulation To Investigate Comfort Conditions In A Healthcare Facility, Luca Zaniboni, Giovanni Pernigotto, Matthias Schuß, Kristina Kiesel, Andrea Gasparella, Ardeshir Mahdavi
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Design activity regarding healthcare buildings must not only address the energy efficiency aspects but also account for the indoor thermal comfort conditions. Indeed, the occupants of this category of buildings are affected by different kinds of health issues. Thus, particular efforts are required in order to ensure conditions adequate for therapies and medical treatments. Simulation can be a helpful tool in designing new buildings, particularly in case of complex clinics and hospitals. When analyzing existing facilities, a proper calibration is a necessary step to reduce discrepancies between simulated and measured performance. This improves the reliability of the model itself and …
Inter-Activehouse: Users-Driven Building Performances For Nearly Zero Energy Buildings In Mediterranean Climates,
2018
The University of Sydney; Active House Alliance
Inter-Activehouse: Users-Driven Building Performances For Nearly Zero Energy Buildings In Mediterranean Climates, Arianna Brambilla, Federica Brunone, Alberto Sangiorgio, Marco Imperadori
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Building simulations rely on fixed assumptions and mathematical models to describe a specific building scenario, overlooking the building occupants’ component. Almost 40% of in-home energy use is due occupants interacts with the building systems. The goal of this paper is to understand the magnitude of the performance gap when applied to two case studies in a Mediterranean climate. A set of scenarios are simulated assuming both a typical building usage and possible variations given by the users’ interactions with shading, ventilation and cooling systems. Results show that the magnitude of the effects with a negative impact is bigger if compared …
Assessing The Performance Of Photocatalytic Oxidation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Three Different Scaled Set-Ups,
2018
Concordia University
Assessing The Performance Of Photocatalytic Oxidation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Three Different Scaled Set-Ups, Zahra Shayegan, Chang-Seo Lee, Ali Bahloul, Fariborz Haghighat
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered a major group of indoor air contaminants with several proven adverse health effects. Ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation process (UVPCO) is a promising technology for the removal of VOC contaminants in indoor air environments. In addition, adequate efficiency of PCO has been proven in laboratory conditions. However, when PCO is scaled up and applied in real conditions, there are some limitations that need to be addressed. Several factors are involved in the efficiency of the PCO process such as humidity, flow rate (residence time), inlet of contaminant concentration, light source, etc. To the best of our …
Fate Of Particles Released By A Puff–Dispersion With Different Air Distributions,
2018
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Fate Of Particles Released By A Puff–Dispersion With Different Air Distributions, Shichao Liu, Atila Novoselac
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Well-mixed assumption normally has flaws in the space with continuous-releasing particle sources. For transient point or puff sources, however, particle concentration might vary differently among locations during emission periods and afterwards. This study measures whether and how rapidly ventilation systems can distribute particles emitted from puff-like sources in an indoor space. The impact of ventilation pattern (over-head mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation), particle size (0.77, 2.5 and 7 μm) and source location are also examined. The results show that particles with sizes of 0.77 μm and 2.5 μm can be distributed uniformly by both mixing ventilation and displace ventilation shortly …
New Microclimate Monitoring Method And Data Process For Investigating Environmental Conditions In Complex Urban Contexts,
2018
University of Perugia
New Microclimate Monitoring Method And Data Process For Investigating Environmental Conditions In Complex Urban Contexts, Ilaria Pigliautile, Veronica Lucia Castaldo, Anna Laura Pisello
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The rapid urbanization of the last century coupled with local climate change imputable to anthropogenic actions triggered a huge research effort aimed at investigating urban microclimate. Typically, cities present a variety of microclimates due to the internal variation of their landscapes in terms of morphology, surfaces properties, presence of greenery, etc. Location-specific microclimate conditions affect both (i) building energy needs and (ii) citizens’ quality of life. For these reasons, a small-scale analysis from the citizen perspective with high-time-resolution environmental data is required. Recent studies tried to reach that level of precision by using remote sensing, movable observational transects or dense …
Energy Flexibility Of Building Cluster – Part I: Occupancy Modelling,
2018
Technical University of Denmark
Energy Flexibility Of Building Cluster – Part I: Occupancy Modelling, Rongling Li, Andong Wang, Carsten Rode, Shi You
International Building Physics Conference 2018
With the growing application of renewable energy, the stability of power systems can be seriously affected due to the fluctuations in the instantaneous generated power. As one of the potential solutions for this upcoming challenge, energy flexibility of buildings has received attention for research and technology development. Demand response and energy flexibility should be implemented at a large scale to have the accumulated energy flexibility to a magnitude, which can be meaningful for energy sectors. Studies have shown that the energy flexibility of a building is greatly influenced by both building physical characteristics and occupancy pattern of residents. To the …
Radon Levels In Rented Accommodation,
2018
Danish Building Research Institute at Aalborg University
Radon Levels In Rented Accommodation, Torben Valdbjørn Rasmussen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Indoor radon levels were measured in 221 homes located in 53 buildings, including 28 multioccupant houses and 25 single-family terraced houses. The homes consisted of rented accommodation located in buildings recorded as being constructed before 2010 and after the year 1850. In addition, the radon level was measured in the basement in 9 of the buildings. The mean year value of the indoor radon level was 30.7 (1–250) Bq/m3. The indoor radon level exceeded 100 Bq/m3 in 5.9% of the homes, all located in single-family terraced houses. The variable single-family terraced houses explained 5.9% of the variation in indoor radon …
Improving The Representation Of Convective Heat Transfer In An Urban Canopy Model,
2018
Cornell University
Improving The Representation Of Convective Heat Transfer In An Urban Canopy Model, Qi Li, Jiachuan Yang, Zhi-Hua Wang, Elie Bou-Zeid
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The urban street canyon has been widely recognized as a basic surface unit in urban micrometeorological studies. Urban canopy models (UCMs), which quantify the exchange of energy and momentum between the urban surface and the overlying atmosphere, often adopt this type of street canyon representation as the fundamental surface element. Since UCMs can be coupled to regional-scale weather and climate models such as the Weather Forecast and Research Model (WRF), parametrizations of the surface momentum and scalar fluxes in UCM are of paramount importance. However, many current single-layer UCMs rely on empirical relations that were obtained over 80 years ago …
Streamlined Cfd Simulation Framework To Generate Wind-Pressure Coefficients On Building Facades For Airflow Network Simulations,
2018
Cornell University
Streamlined Cfd Simulation Framework To Generate Wind-Pressure Coefficients On Building Facades For Airflow Network Simulations, Timur Dogan, Patrick Kastner
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Energy modeling packages such as EnergyPlus and TRNSYS come with capable airflow network solvers for natural ventilation evaluation in multi-zone building energy models. These approaches rely on pressure coefficient arrays of different wind directions based on simple boxshaped buildings without contextual obstructions. For specific sites, however, further attention is needed to avoid geometric oversimplification. In this study, we present an automated and easy-to-use simulation workflow for exterior airflow simulation based on OpenFOAM to generate pressure coefficient arrays for arbitrary building shapes and contextual situations. The workflow is compared to other methods commonly used to obtain pressure coefficients for natural ventilation …
Unsteady-State Exergy Analysis On Two Types Of Building Envelopes Under Time-Varying Boundary Condition,
2018
The University of Tokyo
Unsteady-State Exergy Analysis On Two Types Of Building Envelopes Under Time-Varying Boundary Condition, Wonjun Choi, Ryozo Ooka, Masanori Shukuya
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In the built environment, the thermal exergy behavior is very sensitive to the change of environmental temperature, because the temperature difference between the reservoir and a system of interest is small. Moreover, the transient characteristics become very important for the building envelope, which is primarily affected by the environmental temperature changes and has a relatively large heat capacity. Most of the exergy analyses have been performed under steady-state assumption. However, it may miss some important details of the transient process. Thus, when the transient transfer process becomes important, the unsteady-state exergy analysis should be conducted. In this study, we propose …
Neural Networks To Predict The Hygrothermal Response Of Building Components In A Probabilistic Framework,
2018
KU Leuven
Neural Networks To Predict The Hygrothermal Response Of Building Components In A Probabilistic Framework, Astrid Tijskens, Staf Roels, Hans Janssen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In recent years, probabilistic assessment of hygrothermal performance of building components has received increasing attention. Given the many uncertainties involved in the hygrothermal behaviour of building components, a probabilistic assessment enables to assess the damage risk more reliably. However, this typically involves thousands of simulations, which easily becomes computationally inhibitive. To overcome this time-efficiency issue, this paper proposes the use of much faster metamodels. This paper focusses on neural networks, as they have proven to be successful in other non-linear and non-stationary research applications. Two types of networks are considered: the traditional multilayer perceptron (with and without a time window) …
Modeling And Model Calibration For Model Predictive Occupants Comfort Control In Buildings,
2018
Nanyang Technological University
Modeling And Model Calibration For Model Predictive Occupants Comfort Control In Buildings, Shiyu Yang, Man Pun Wan, Bing Feng Ng, Zhe Zhang, Adrian S. Lamano, Wanyu Chen
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Mathematical models are essential in Model-Predictive Control (MPC) for building automation and control (BAC) application, which must be precise and computationally efficient for realtime optimization and control. However, building models are of high complexity because of the nonlinearities of heat and mass transfer processes in buildings and their air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems. This paper proposes a method to develop an integrated linear model for indoor air temperature, humidity and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index suitable for fast real-time multiple objectives optimization. A linear dynamic model is developed using SIMSCAPE language based on the BCA SkyLab test bed facility …
The Effects Of Production Technologies On The Air Permeability Properties Of Cross Laminated Timber,
2018
Tallinn University of Technology
The Effects Of Production Technologies On The Air Permeability Properties Of Cross Laminated Timber, Villu Kukk, Targo Kalamees, Jaan Kers
International Building Physics Conference 2018
In building envelope, the cross laminated timber (CLT) is often used as air barrier layer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of production technologies such as edge bonding, different initial moisture content (MC) of lamination, and number of lamination layers (3 and 5) on the air-permeability properties of cross laminated timber. Air leakage and crack growth in CLT panels were measured after the panels were conditioned in environments with different relative humidity (RH) in progressive steps from humid to dry environments (RH 70%→ RH 50%→ RH 30%→ RH 10%). The test results showed that the most …
Modeling And Spatial Visualization Of Indoor Micro-Climates For Personalized Thermal Comfort,
2018
SHoP Architects
Modeling And Spatial Visualization Of Indoor Micro-Climates For Personalized Thermal Comfort, Berardo Matalucci, Joshua Draper, Anna Dyson
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The indoor thermal environment is conventionally considered homogeneous as anchored on a universal thermal comfort paradigm, although occupants’ experience is often diversified and influenced by several physio-cognitive factors. Personal comfort devices aim to enhance thermal comfort acceptance through localized heating and cooling while reducing overall energy consumption as temperature set-points of centralized HVAC systems can be relaxed. To further incentivize the adoption of distributed HVAC systems, it is critical to examine the energy benefits and the spatial characteristics of heterogeneous thermal environments. Here we developed a parametric framework based on building energy modeling coupled with a spatial visualization of micro-climatic …
Bim And Game Engine Integration For Operational Data Monitoring In Buildings,
2018
Virginia Tech
Bim And Game Engine Integration For Operational Data Monitoring In Buildings, Yunjie Xiong, Tanyel Bulbul, Georg Reichard
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Building Information Modelling (BIM), as a new approach to the digital representation of the whole building lifecycle, including design, construction, building operation and maintenance, increases the efficiency and productivity of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries. Because of complicated and comprehensive building information, BIM by itself is not able to provide an interactive visual environment for stakeholders and mobile access to the building information model is limited too. This paper aims to integrate BIM and 3D game engines to provide a real-time monitoring, mobile and interactive model. We’ve developed this building model as a serious game, capable of running …
Greening Rooftops To Reduce Heat Islands: How Large Is Large Enough?,
2018
Princeton University
Greening Rooftops To Reduce Heat Islands: How Large Is Large Enough?, Jiachuan Yang, Elie Bou-Zeid
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Green roofs, with adequate water supply, have been proven as effective measures to reduce urban environmental temperature. The benefits of large-scale deployment of green roofs have been studied mainly through numerical simulations with unrealistic high penetration scenarios, where all rooftops across the entire metropolis is assumed to be retrofitted. In this study, the scale dependence of the cooling effect of green roofs is investigated with a coverage of 25% over buildings at local, city, or regional scales. We compared results at 6 major U.S. cities to assess the response of the scale dependence to geoclimatic conditions. High-resolution weather simulations reveal …
The Use Of A Large, Extensive Green Roof For Multiple Research Objectives,
2018
Syracuse University
The Use Of A Large, Extensive Green Roof For Multiple Research Objectives, Cliff I. Davidson, Carli D. Flynn, Charitha Gunawardana, Alexander J. Johnson, Mallory N. Squier, Lucie L. Worthen, Yige Yang
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The Green Roof on the Onondaga County Convention Center in Syracuse, NY is planted with several varieties of sedum over an area of 0.56 hectares. The roof was constructed in 2011, and has been instrumented with sensors to enable research and education over an extended period. The purpose of the current work on this roof is to quantify its performance with respect to water storage and energy transfer, and to identify chemical constituents in the runoff that might be contributed by the growth medium. The scope of the project also includes a number of measurements on traditional roofs in the …
Using Rain And Vegetation To Improve Thermal Comfort In A Hot Street Canyon With Fully-Integrated Urban Climate Modeling,
2018
Empa, Dübendorf
Using Rain And Vegetation To Improve Thermal Comfort In A Hot Street Canyon With Fully-Integrated Urban Climate Modeling, Aytaç Kubilay, Jan Carmeliet, Dominique Derome
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Building materials that are commonly used in urban areas generally have higher sensible heat storage and radiation entrapment, while having lower moisture storage and evapotranspiration, in comparison to the materials found in rural areas. These differences play a significant role in the occurrence of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which has adverse impacts on thermal comfort, energy use and public health. Coupled numerical simulations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the heat and mass transfer (HAM) in porous urban materials are performed to estimate the evaporative-cooling potential of different pavements in a street canyon. The local thermal comfort following …
Comparing Exterior Wall Finishes Using Life-Cycle Assessment,
2018
Kent State University
Comparing Exterior Wall Finishes Using Life-Cycle Assessment, Brandi Dodge, Rui Liu
International Building Physics Conference 2018
Selecting products that are environmentally friendly can help reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with the built environment. However, the process can be difficult. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is an approach used to measure the environmental performance of a product or service by considering all stages of a product’s life-cycle from extraction of raw materials to its end of life. Many products that claim to be environmentally friendly are based on a single life-cycle stage or environmental impact. These claims are often misleading as they do not consider other life-cycle stages or other environmental impacts associated with the products. This study …
Hygrothermal Performance Assessment Of Wall Systems With Various Concrete And Insulation Configurations,
2018
British Columbia Institute of Technology
Hygrothermal Performance Assessment Of Wall Systems With Various Concrete And Insulation Configurations, Ali Vaseghi, Fitsum Tariku
International Building Physics Conference 2018
The moisture performance of building envelope assemblies has always been a major concern of designers. Building envelope is constantly exposed to moisture loads such as exterior and interior humidity, rain, groundwater, snow and construction moisture. Therefore, it is critical to control the moisture migration mechanism within building envelope walls. Moisture accumulation occurs when the wetting potential of building envelope exceeds its drying potential due to applying inappropriate construction materials or configuration designs. Moisture accumulation in mid-rise and high-rise concrete buildings has negative impacts on microbial growth, occupants’ comfort, energy consumption, freeze thaw and compressive and tensile strength of concrete which …
