Fast Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (Firms): A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique For The Rapid And Semi-Comprehensive Evaluation Of Isotope Ratios,
2018
South Dakota State University
Fast Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (Firms): A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique For The Rapid And Semi-Comprehensive Evaluation Of Isotope Ratios, Fredrick Ochieng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Isotope ratios (IRs) are a measure of the variation in abundance of light isotopes versus heavy isotopes of an element, e.g. 1H/2H,12C/13C, and 14N/15N. Because IRs change as a molecule undergoes certain chemical and physical processes, they represent unique fingerprints that can be used to trace the source of a chemical compound. Current techniques for determination of IRs each have major limitations, such as loss of structural information, vulnerability to contamination, high cost, large sample size requirements, low precision, limited applicability, and lengthy analysis. Fast Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (FIRMS) …
Technology Development For Detection Of Circulating Disease Biomarkers From Liquid Biopsies Using Multifunctional Nanomaterials,
2018
University at Albany, State University of New York
Technology Development For Detection Of Circulating Disease Biomarkers From Liquid Biopsies Using Multifunctional Nanomaterials, Mustafa Balcioglu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite the advance health care, devastating health conditions such as cancer and infectious diseases that affect populations worldwide are too often not diagnosed until morbid symptoms become apparent in the late phase. Obtaining an early and accurate diagnosis that reveal a hidden lethal threat before the disease becomes complicated may dramatically reduce the severity of its impact on the patient’s life and increase the probability of survival. For example, in the case of ovarian cancer, which is the fifth most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in women in the US, the 5-year relative survival is …
A Consideration Of Ancient Residues And Their Analysis,
2018
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Consideration Of Ancient Residues And Their Analysis, Jennifer A. Cardinal
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Identification of specific use(s) of ancient pottery vessels through empirical verification is currently very limited for archaeological investigations. Although we can postulate a range of purposes or functions for certain vessels, empirical confirmation of actual use has been determined only for a minuscule portion of the available vessels. This thesis will provide a broad review of organic analyses as applied to foodstuff residues left on ancient artifacts as well as discuss several considerations for such analysis that are unique to their application to archaeological specimens.
Application Of Group I Metal Adduction To The Separation Of Steroids By Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry,
2018
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Application Of Group I Metal Adduction To The Separation Of Steroids By Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Alana L. Rister, Tiana L. Martin, Eric D. Dodds
Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications
Steroids represent an interesting class of small biomolecules due to their use as biomarkers and their status as scheduled drugs. Although the analysis of steroids is complicated by the potential for many isomers, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has previously shown promise for the rapid separation of steroid isomers. This work is aimed at the further development of IMS separation for the analysis of steroids. Here, traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) was applied to the study of group I metal adducted steroids and their corresponding multimers for five sets of isomers. Each set of isomers had a minimum of one …
Magnetic Assembly Of Soft Robots
With Hard Components,
2018
Watertown, MA
Magnetic Assembly Of Soft Robots With Hard Components, Sen Wai Kwok, Stephen A. Morin, Bobak Mosadegh, Ju-Hee So, Robert F. Shepherd, George M. Whitesides
Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications
Reconfigurable soft robotic actuators with hard components are described. Magnetic attraction is used to couple flexible molded bodies capable of actuation upon pressurization with other flexible molded bodies and/or with hard components (e.g., frames and connectors) to form a seal for fluidic communication and cooperative actuation. Pneumatic decoupling chambers built into the hard components to decouple the hard components from the magnetically-coupled soft molded bodies are described. The use of magnetic self- alignment coupling and pneumatic de-coupling allows for the remote assembly and disassembly of complex structures involving hard and soft components. The magnetic coupling allows for rapid, reversible reconfiguration …
Flexible Thin Robotic Actuators,
2018
Duenellen, NJ
Flexible Thin Robotic Actuators, Aaron D. Mazzeo, Stephen A. Morin, Robert F. Shepherd, George M. Whitesides, William B. Kalb
Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications
Some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter includes a laminated robotic actuator. The laminated robotic actuator includes a strain-limiting layer comprising a flexible, non extensible material in the form of a sheet or thin film, a flexible inflatable layer in the form of a thin film or sheet in facing relationship with the strain-limiting layer, wherein the inflatable layer is selectively adhered to the strain-limiting layer, and wherein a portion of an un-adhered region between the strain-limiting layer and the inflatable layer defines a pressurizable channel, and at least one fluid inlet in fluid communication with the pressurizable channel. The …
Mechanistic Studies Of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions Involving Antioxidants,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Mechanistic Studies Of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions Involving Antioxidants, Kejie Meng
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the research was to investigate proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions involving antioxidants to gain insight into the detailed mechanisms of glutathione (GSH), Trolox, and α-tocopherol (α-TOH). PCET reactions are complex redox reactions that transfer electrons and protons sequentially or in concert. These reactions are ubiquitous in natural or artificial processes that produce electrochemical energy that is extractable as electricity or as chemical fuels of high energy content. Examples of processes based on PCET are photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, redox fuel cells, and artificial photosynthesis. Antioxidants were selected as a PCET model to understand the …
Synthesis And Kinetic Activity Analysis Of Substituted Pyrazole, Pyrazoline, And Pyrazolidine Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors,
2018
Roger Williams University
Synthesis And Kinetic Activity Analysis Of Substituted Pyrazole, Pyrazoline, And Pyrazolidine Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors, Meagan E. Hackey
Chemistry Theses
Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors may be employed for the treatment of parasitic infection in humans. A series of substituted pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized to elucidate the pharmacophore for the inhibition of ADH. Targeted structure modification was used to alter the electronic and steric interactions associated with the enzyme active site. This study identified several effective N-aryl-carboxamide derivatives with horse liver ADH inhibition, comparable to that of 4-methylpyrazole, a known ADH inhibitor. The identification of pharmacophoric regions will allow for the methodological modification of these compounds to improve enzyme affinity and targeted inhibition. Future research may include additional solubility, toxicity and …
Development And Characterization Of A Paper Based Analytical Device For Heparin Quantification,
2018
Otterbein University
Development And Characterization Of A Paper Based Analytical Device For Heparin Quantification, Carolanne Norris
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects
Paper-based analytical devices (PAD) have gained popularity in the past ten to fifteen years due to many favorable mechanical properties.1 They have largely been used to analyze small ionic species, such as Na+ and Li+, but little research has been done on their capability of to analyze large polyionic species, for instance the highly sulfonated polysaccharide heparin.2,3 This study explores adaptation of a traditional optode design to a low cost PAD that employs a smartphone as a detector. Throughout the study variables, such as membrane composition, pH, volume of solution, time, addition of a polymer, use of different cell phone …
Stability Of Bimetallic Clusters In Protein Model Systems,
2018
Bucknell University
Stability Of Bimetallic Clusters In Protein Model Systems, Sean Hartnett
Master’s Theses
Heterobimetallic cofactors are commonly found in proteins and allow them to perform unique chemical processes that would otherwise not be possible. The interactions between these metals allow the protein to accomplish difficult chemical transformations. Previously, the thermodynamic stability of a FeII /MnII cluster in the dinucleating ligand F-HXTA (5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-1,3-xylene-α,α′-diamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid) has been investigated in our lab as a model of cluster assembly in the proteins ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and R2-like ligand binding oxidases (R2lox). By measuring equilibrium concentrations of F-HXTA complexes via 19F-NMR, it was found that the equilibrium for metal exchange between the homobimetallic …
Characterization Of Fragrant Chemical Components Of Essential Oils Of Lavender, Violet, And Bergamot By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2018
Governors State University
Characterization Of Fragrant Chemical Components Of Essential Oils Of Lavender, Violet, And Bergamot By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Akeem Babalola Opakunle
Chemistry Theses
The characterization of fragrant chemical composition of commercial samples of lavender, violet and bergamot essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The analysis led to the characterization of a total of 28 compounds for lavender oil, 17 compounds for violet oil, and 11 compounds for bergamot oil. The commercial sample of lavender essential oil has shown to be abundant in linalool, (21.40%), linalyl acetate (18.96%), trans-β- ocimene (7.41%), endo-borneol (6.53%), β-ocimene (6.43%), geranyl acetate (6.15%), β-myrcene (5.88%), terpinen-4-ol (5.70%) and cis-β-farnesene (4.40%). For commercial sample of violet essential oil, the major components in abundant were α-longipinene (37.35%), …
Characterization Of Coacervate Systems Using Redox Sensitive Dyes,
2018
Central Washington University
Characterization Of Coacervate Systems Using Redox Sensitive Dyes, Caleb Kaiser
All Master's Theses
Coacervates are systems that spontaneously form when two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed in a concentrated salt solution. When coacervates form, a biphasic equilibrium occurs in the sample with two phases present in the solution. The two phases are described as the dense phase and the lean phase, named after the amount of polyelectrolyte material in each phase. Coacervates have been topics of interest to researchers in a variety of fields including biomedical applications, drug delivery devices, and more. This thesis worked towards the characterization of coacervate systems on the molecular level by investigating the interaction of the polyelectrolytes and …
Determination Of The Oxidative Capacity Of Soot Toward Gsh And Characterization Of Soot Physicochemical Properties,
2018
Central Washington University
Determination Of The Oxidative Capacity Of Soot Toward Gsh And Characterization Of Soot Physicochemical Properties, Kaylee Troth
All Master's Theses
Fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted during the combustion of fossil and biomass fuels is known to adversely affect human health. While the underlying mechanisms are thought to be driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specific particle characteristics responsible for this detrimental effect are not well understood. In this research, the quantitative determination of the biologically relevant antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), was optimized for use as an indicator of oxidative stress to shed light on relevant particle characteristics. This was accomplished via fluorescent spectroscopy for GSH determination by way of reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), a …
Interfacial Corrosion Of Copper And The Formation Of Copper Hydroxychloride,
2018
The University of Akron
Interfacial Corrosion Of Copper And The Formation Of Copper Hydroxychloride, Mary Teague, Shengxi Li, Hongbo Cong
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Electrical circuitry is an industry, among many others, heavily using the element of copper. Ensuring the mechanical integrity of Cu is crucial, especially in salt environments, for the multifaceted composition of circuits. 4N NaCl solution (equilibrium concentration in ~84% RH) simulated this three-phase system. Rectangular Cu samples were partially immersed in both ambient and continuous lab air sparging atmospheres to understand waterline corrosion of the metal. Open circuit potentials (OCP) were continuously taken during the immersion testing for a maximum of 5 days. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and 3-D …
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Ms/Ms) For Determination Of Architecture Of Synthetic Polymers,
2018
The University of Akron
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Ms/Ms) For Determination Of Architecture Of Synthetic Polymers, Shoumik Saha
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to determine the architecture of synthetic polymers and they are difluorene-N3, 3-difluorene-N3 and VPOSS-3-difluorene. VPOSS materials usually exhibit electrochemical properties and the research was performed to determine their accurate structure and to provide evidence of their proper synthesis. The compounds were mixed with a matrix solution, DCTB, and a silver salt to enable proper protonation. The solvent mixture was on a MALDI plate and then put into the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum generated was analyzed and each fragment was identified to structures with the synthetic polymers via ChemDraw. Thus, trial …
Development Of Multi-Class Analytical Methods For Agrochemical Contaminants,
2018
Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
Development Of Multi-Class Analytical Methods For Agrochemical Contaminants, Sarah Tuck
Theses
In this project, cost-effective multi-class analytical methods were developed to detect a range of antiparasitic, feed additive and pesticide substances in foodstuffs of animal origin. These substances have the potential to enter the food chain through their occurrence as residues either through the animals themselves or other routes e.g. contamination. To ensure the continued safety of food destined for human consumption regulatory control limits have been established for permitted levels of these residues in foods of animal origin. Despite these controls the continued monitoring of foodstuffs is necessary to ensure these limits are not breached and that substances are not …
Oil Dries: A New Absorbent Material For Collection Of Ignitable Liquids From Semi-Porous Material,
2018
Eastern Kentucky University
Oil Dries: A New Absorbent Material For Collection Of Ignitable Liquids From Semi-Porous Material, Jessica Sosa
Online Theses and Dissertations
Extraction of an ignitable liquid sample from a semi-porous surface such as concrete is especially difficult. For this purpose, two different solid oil dry absorbent materials, Instazorb and MAXXAbsorb, were researched for use of collection of ignitable liquid samples at a fire scene. These oil dries were spiked with different ignitable liquids (Coleman fuel, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel). Isolation of the ignitable liquid from the oil dry absorbent was accomplished by passive headspace isolation. Data was obtained by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Chromatograms obtained from both oil dries …
Integrating Microscale Enzyme And Lectin Reactions Using Nanogel Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis,
2018
West Virginia University
Integrating Microscale Enzyme And Lectin Reactions Using Nanogel Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis, Srikanth Gattu
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Protein glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications which plays an important role in determining the structure, stability, and function of proteins. Changes in glycosylation patterns are a hallmark of cancer and other diseases. Characterizing glycosylation is difficult because these structures vary in their linkage and monomer sequence, which gives rise to vast microheterogenity that could affect the function of the molecule. A novel method using capillary gel electrophoresis by integrating microscale enzymes and lectin reactions in the capillary was developed to verify glycan structure by analyzing monosaccharides. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) improves upon conventional methods of glycan structure …
Abnormal Phase Transition Between Two-Dimensional
High-Density Liquid Crystal And Low-Density Crystalline Solid Phases,
2018
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abnormal Phase Transition Between Two-Dimensional High-Density Liquid Crystal And Low-Density Crystalline Solid Phases, Wenbin Li, Longjuan Kong, Baojie Feng, Huixia Fu, Hui Li, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Kehui Wu, Lan Chen
Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications
Some two-dimensional liquid systems are theoretically predicted to have an anomalous phase transition due to unique intermolecular interactions, for example the first-order transition between two-dimensional high-density water and low-density amorphous ice. However, it has never been experimentally observed, to the best of our knowledge. Here we report an entropy-driven phase transition between a high-density liquid crystal and low-density crystalline solid, directly observed by scanning tunneling microscope in carbon monoxide adsorbed on Cu(111). Combined with first principle calculations, we find that repulsive dipole–dipole interactions between carbon monoxide molecules lead to unconventional thermodynamics. This finding of unconventional thermodynamics in two-dimensional carbon monoxide …
The Study Of The Degradation Of Hexabromocyclododecane In A Heterogeneous System Containing Fe(Ii) Adsorbed To The Iron Oxide Hematite.,
2018
CUNY City College
The Study Of The Degradation Of Hexabromocyclododecane In A Heterogeneous System Containing Fe(Ii) Adsorbed To The Iron Oxide Hematite., Kristian K. Roopnarine
Dissertations and Theses
The reaction of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), a widely used brominated flame retardant, was studied in a heterogenous mixture containing reactive Fe(II) adsorbed to the iron oxide hematite. The adsorbed Fe(II)/iron oxide system has shown to be a potent reductant in the transformation of organic contaminants with relatively water soluble organic contaminants. There currently aren’t many studies involving hydrophobic organic contaminants, such as HBCDD, in this reducing Fe(II)/iron oxide system. The results indicate that across the pHs 6.86, 6.95, 7.15 and 7.35 γ and β-HBCDD are degraded within a couple days. The pseudo-first order rate constants at pH 6.95 are 0.049 hr …
