Spin-Orbit Gravitational Locking - An Effective Potential Approach,
2022
CUNY Borough of Manhattan Community College
Spin-Orbit Gravitational Locking - An Effective Potential Approach, Christopher Clouse, Andrea Ferroglia, Miguel C. N. Fiolhais
Publications and Research
The objective of this paper is to study the tidally locked 3:2 spin–orbit resonance of Mercury around the Sun. In order to achieve this goal, the effective potential energy that determines the spinning motion of an ellipsoidal planet around its axis is considered. By studying the rotational potential energy of an ellipsoidal planet orbiting a spherical star on an elliptic orbit with fixed eccentricity and semi-major axis, it is shown that the system presents an infinite number of metastable equilibrium configurations. These states correspond to local minima of the rotational potential energy averaged over an orbit, where the ratio between …
Stellar Mass-To-Light Ratios: Composite Bulge+Disk Models And The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation,
2022
Case Western Reserve University
Stellar Mass-To-Light Ratios: Composite Bulge+Disk Models And The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation, Stacy S. Mcgaugh
Faculty Scholarship
We present stellar population models to calculate the mass-to-light ratio (Γ∗) based on galaxies' colors ranging from GALEX far-UV to Spitzer IRAC1 at 3.6 μm. We present a new composite bulge+disk Γ∗ model that considers the varying contribution from bulges and disks based on their optical and near-IR colors. Using these colors, we build plausible star formation histories and chemical enrichment scenarios based on the star formation rate-stellar mass and mass-metallicity correlations for star-forming galaxies. The most accurate prescription is to use the actual colors for the bulge and disk components to constrain Γ∗; however, a reasonable bulge+disk model plus …
Oxygen Ion Escape At Venus Associated With Three-Dimensional Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability,
2022
University of Science and Technology of China
Oxygen Ion Escape At Venus Associated With Three-Dimensional Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability, Tong Dang, Xuanye Ma, Jiuhou Le, Binzheng Zhang, Tielong Zhang, Zhonghua Yao, John Lyon, Sudong Xiao, Maodong Yan, Oliver Brambles, Kareem Sorathia
Publications
How oxygens escape from Venus has long been a fundamental but controversial topic in the planetary research. Among various key mechanisms, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) has been suggested to play an important role in the oxygen ion escape from Venus. Limited by either scarce in-situ observations or simplified theoretical estimations, the mystery of oxygen ion escape process associated with KHI is still unsettled. Here we present the first three-dimensional configuration of KHI at Venus with a global multifluid magnetohydrodynamics model, showing a significantly fine structure and evolution of the KHI. KHI mainly occurred at the low latitude boundary layer if …
Misalignment Of Terrestrial Circumbinary Planets As An Indicator Of Their Formation Mechanism,
2022
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Misalignment Of Terrestrial Circumbinary Planets As An Indicator Of Their Formation Mechanism, Anna C. Childs, Rebecca G. Martin
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
Circumbinary gas disks are often observed to be misaligned with the binary orbit, suggesting that planet formation may proceed in a misaligned disk. With n-body simulations, we consider the formation of circumbinary terrestrial planets from a particle disk that is initially misaligned. We find that if terrestrial planets form in this way, in the absence of gas, they can only form close to coplanar or close to polar to the binary orbit. Planets around a circular binary form coplanar while planets around an eccentric binary can form coplanar or polar depending on the initial disk misalignment and the binary eccentricity. …
Neutron Stars With Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors,
2022
University of California, Berkeley
Neutron Stars With Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors, Jeffrey M. Berryman, Susan Gardner, Mohammadreza Zakeri
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The neutron lifetime anomaly has been used to motivate the introduction of new physics with hidden-sector particles coupled to baryon number, and on which neutron stars provide powerful constraints. Although the neutron lifetime anomaly may eventually prove to be of mundane origin, we use it as motivation for a broader review of the ways that baryon number violation, be it real or apparent, and dark sectors can intertwine and how neutron star observables, both present and future, can constrain them.
Testing The Reliability Of X-Rays As A Tool For Constraining Mass-Loss Rates Of Hot Stars,
2022
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Testing The Reliability Of X-Rays As A Tool For Constraining Mass-Loss Rates Of Hot Stars, Sean J. Gunderson, Kenneth G. Gayley, Pragati Pradhan, David P. Huenemoerder, Nathan A. Miller
Publications
We fit a new line shape model to Chandra X-ray spectra of the O supergiant ζ Puppis to test the robustness of mass-loss rates derived from X-ray wind line profiles against different assumed heating models. Our goal is to track the hot gas by replacing the common assumption that it is proportional to the cool gas emission measure. Instead of assuming a turn-on radius for the hot gas (as appropriate for the line-deshadowing instability internal to the wind), we parametrize the hot gas in terms of a mean-free path for accelerated low-density gas to encounter slower high-density material. This alternative …
The Arecibo Observatory As An Instrument For Investigating Orbital Debris: Legacy And Next Generation Performance,
2022
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
The Arecibo Observatory As An Instrument For Investigating Orbital Debris: Legacy And Next Generation Performance, James Murray, Fredrick A. Jenet
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
In this paper, we investigate the ability of the Arecibo Observatory to characterize the orbital debris environment and compare it to the primary instrument used by NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office, the Haystack Ultra-Wideband Satellite Imaging Radar (HUSIR). Arecibo's location (183 N) increases the percentage of observable orbits (relative to HUSIR) by 27%, which gives Arecibo access to a much larger and previously unmeasured portion of the environment. Due to the recent collapse of the Arecibo dish, in addition to exploring historic capabilities of the Legacy Arecibo Telescope, estimates of the performance of the proposed Next Generation Arecibo Telescope (NGAT) …
Ultra-Broadband Bending Beam And Bottle Beam Based On Acoustic Metamaterials,
2022
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Ultra-Broadband Bending Beam And Bottle Beam Based On Acoustic Metamaterials, Xudong Fan, Xiaolong Huang, Yang Kang, Can Li, Ning Li, Chunsheng Weng, Likun Zhang
Faculty and Student Publications
We report the realization of an ultra-broadband bending beam based on acoustic meta-materials by the theoretical prediction and the numerical validation. The proposed structure is composed of a series of straight tubes with spatially modulated depths. We analytically derive the depth profile required for the generation of an ultra-broadband bending beam, and examine the performance of the metastructure numerically. The design is then extended for the generation of a three-dimensional bottle beam. The transverse trapping behaviours on small rigid objects by the bottle beam are investigated based on the force potential. Our work will help the further study of broadband …
Search For B0 Meson Decays Into Λ And Missing Energy With A Hadronic Tagging Method At Belle,
2022
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Search For B0 Meson Decays Into Λ And Missing Energy With A Hadronic Tagging Method At Belle, C. Hadjivasiliou, B. G. Fulsom, J. F. Strube, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Babu, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, J. Biswal, D. Bodrov, J. Borah, A. Bozek
Faculty and Student Publications
We present a search for the decays of B0 mesons into a final state containing a Λ baryon and missing energy. These results are obtained from a 711 fb-1 data sample that contains 772×106 BB¯ pairs and was collected near the (4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider. We use events in which one B meson is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode and require the remainder of the event to consist of only a single Λ. No evidence for these decays is found, and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on the …
Transit Timings Variations In The Three-Planet System: Toi-270,
2022
Swarthmore College
Transit Timings Variations In The Three-Planet System: Toi-270, L. Kaye, S. Vissapragada, M. N. Günther, S. Aigrain, T. Mikal-Evans, Eric L.N. Jensen, H. Parviainen, F. J. Pozuelos, L. Abe, J. S. Acton, A. Agabi, D. R. Alves, D. R. Anderson, D. J. Armstrong, K. Barkaoui, O. Barragán, B. Benneke, P. T. Boyd, R. Brahm, I. Bruni, E. M. Bryant, M. R. Burleigh, S. L. Casewell, D. Ciardi, R. Cloutier, K. A. Collins, K. I. Collins, D. M. Conti, I. J. M. Crossfield, N. Crouzet, T. Daylan, D. Dragomir, G. Dransfield, D. Fabrycky, M. Fausnaugh, G. Fuűrész, T. Gan, S. Gill, M. Gillon, M. R. Goad, V. Gorjian, M. Greklek-Mckeon, N. Guerrero, T. Guillot, E. Jehin, J. S. Jenkins, M. Lendl, J. Kamler, S. R. Kane, J. F. Kielkopf, M. Kunimoto, W. Marie-Sainte, J. Mccormac, D. Mékarnia, F. Y. Morales, M. Moyano, E. Palle, V. Parmentier, H. M. Relles, F.-X. Schmider, R. P. Schwarz, S. Seager, A. M. S. Smith, T.-G. Tan, J. Taylor, A. H. M. J. Triaud, J. D. Twicken, S. Udry, J. I. Vines, G. Wang, P. J. Wheatley, J. N. Winn
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ~10 min and a super-period of ~3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the …
A Pair Of Sub-Neptunes Transiting The Bright K-Dwarf Toi-1064 Characterized With Cheops,
2022
Swarthmore College
A Pair Of Sub-Neptunes Transiting The Bright K-Dwarf Toi-1064 Characterized With Cheops, T. G. Wilson, E. Goffo, Y. Alibert, D. Gandolfi, A. Bonfanti, C. M. Persson, A. Collier Cameron, M. Fridlund, L. Fossati, J. Korth, W. Benz, A. Deline, H.-G. Florén, P. Guterman, V. Adibekyan, M. J. Hooton, S. Hoyer, A. Leleu, A. J. Mustill, S. Salmon, S. G. Sousa, O. Suarez, L. Abe, A. Agabi, R. Alonso, G. Anglada, J. Asquier, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado Navascues, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, M. Beck, T. Beck, N. Billot, X. Bonfils, A. Brandeker, C. Broeg, E. M. Bryant, M. R. Burleigh, M. Buttu, J. Cabrera, S. Charnoz, D. R. Ciardi, R. Cloutier, W. D. Cochran, K. A. Collins, K. D. Colón, N. Crouzet, S. Csizmadia, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, L. Delrez, O. Demangeon, B.-O. Demory, D. Dragomir, G. Dransfield, D. Ehrenreich, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, T. Gan, S. Gill, M. Gillon, C. L. Gnilka, N. Grieves, S. Grziwa, M. Güdel, T. Guillot, J. Haldemann, K. Heng, K. Horne, S. B. Howell, K. G. Isaak, J. M. Jenkins, Eric L.N. Jensen, L. Kiss, G. Lacedelli, K. Lam, J. Laskar, D. W. Latham, A. Lecavelier Des Etangs, M. Lendl, K. V. Lester, A. M. Levine, J. Livingston, C. Lovis, R. Luque, D. Magrin, W. Marie-Sainte, P. F. L. Maxted, A. W. Mayo, B. Mclean, M. Mecina, D. Mékarnia, V. Nascimbeni, L. D. Nielsen, G. Olofsson, H. P. Osborn, H. L. M. Osborne, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, S. Redfield, I. Ribas, G. R. Ricker, M. Rieder, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, F.-X. Schmider, R. P. Schwarz, N. J. Scott, S. Seager, D. Ségransan, L. M. Serrano, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Steller, C. Stockdale, G. Szabó, N. Thomas, E. B. Ting, A. H. M. J. Triaud, S. Udry, V. Van Eylen, V. Van Grootel, R. K. Vanderspek, V. Viotto, N. Walton, J. N. Winn
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works
We report the discovery and characterization of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. To characterize the system, we performed and retrieved the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), TESS, and ground-based photometry, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterize the host star and determine Teff,* = 4734 ± 67 K, R* = 0.726 ± 0.007 R⊙, and M* = 0.748 ± 0.032 M⊙. We present a …
Search For Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries In The Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo,
2022
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Search For Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Binaries In The Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range 100−105 M⊙, between black holes (BHs) that formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass ∼150 M⊙ providing direct evidence of …
Gaia Gral: Gaia Dr2 Gravitational Lens Systems. Vii. Xmm-Newton Observations Of Lensed Quasars,
2022
CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
Gaia Gral: Gaia Dr2 Gravitational Lens Systems. Vii. Xmm-Newton Observations Of Lensed Quasars, Thomas Connor, Daniel Stern, Alberto Krone-Martins, S. G. Djorgovski, Matthew J. Graham
Faculty Publications
We present XMM-Newton X-ray observations of nine confirmed lensed quasars at 1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 3 identified by the Gaia Gravitational Lens program. Eight systems are strongly detected, with 0.3-8.0 keV fluxes F (0.3-8.0) greater than or similar to 5 x10(-14) erg cm(-2) s(-1). Modeling the X-ray spectra with an absorbed power law, we derive power-law photon indices and 2-10 keV luminosities for the eight detected quasars. In addition to presenting sample properties for larger quasar population studies and for use in planning for future caustic-crossing events, we also identify three quasars …
A Multiparameter Degeneracy In Microlensing Events With Extreme Finite Source Effects,
2022
Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
A Multiparameter Degeneracy In Microlensing Events With Extreme Finite Source Effects, Samson A. Johnson, Matthew T. Penny, B. Scott Gaudi
Faculty Publications
For microlenses with sufficiently low mass, the angular radius of the source star can be much larger than the angular Einstein ring radius of the lens. For such extreme finite source effect (EFSE) events, finite source effects dominate throughout the duration of the event. Here, we demonstrate and explore a continuous degeneracy between multiple parameters of such EFSE events. The first component in the degeneracy arises from the fact that the directly observable peak change of the flux depends on both the ratio of the angular source radius to the angular Einstein ring radius and the fraction of the baseline …
Development And Validation Of An Astronomy Self-Efficacy Instrument For Understanding And Doing,
2022
Edith Cowan University
Development And Validation Of An Astronomy Self-Efficacy Instrument For Understanding And Doing, Rachel Freed, David Mckinnon, Michael Fitzgerald, Christina M. Norris
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
This paper presents a new astronomy self-efficacy instrument, composed of two factors; one relating to learning astronomy content, which we call astronomy personal self-efficacy, and the other relating to the use of astronomical instrumentation, specifically the use of remote robotic telescopes for data collection. The latter is referred to as the astronomy instrumental self-efficacy factor. The instrument has been tested for reliability and construct validity. Reliability testing showed that factor 1 had a Cronbach's α of 0.901 and factor 2 had a Cronbach's α of 0.937. Construct validity was established by computing one-way analyses of variances, with the p value …
Search For A Light Higgs Boson In Single-Photon Decays Of ϒ (1s) Using ϒ (2s) →Π+Π- ϒ (1s) Tagging Method,
2022
Fudan University
Search For A Light Higgs Boson In Single-Photon Decays Of ϒ (1s) Using ϒ (2s) →Π+Π- ϒ (1s) Tagging Method, S. Jia, C. P. Shen, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov
Faculty and Student Publications
We search for a light Higgs boson (A0) decaying into a τ+τ- or μ+μ- pair in the radiative decays of ϒ(1S). The production of ϒ(1S) mesons is tagged by ϒ(2S)→π+π-ϒ(1S) transitions, using 158×106 ϒ(2S) events accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. No significant A0 signals in the mass range from the τ+τ- or μ+μ- threshold to 9.2 GeV/c2 are observed. We set the upper limits at 90% credibility level (C.L.) on the product branching fractions for ϒ(1S)→γA0 and A0→τ+τ- varying from 3.8×10-6 to 1.5×10-4. Our results represent an approximately twofold improvement on the current …
Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Addition Of Indoles To Tertiary Allylic Alcohols,
2022
Coastal Carolina University
Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Addition Of Indoles To Tertiary Allylic Alcohols, Bryan H. Wakefield, Romie Barnes, Traeannah Brown, Ashley M. Jones, Victoria A. Knotts, Christina Martinetti
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
An intermolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indole and tertiary allylic alcohols has been developed. The allylic alcohols were synthesized using a two-step procedure, then exposure of these alcohols to diphenyl phosphate facilitated the desired annulation reaction. This reaction tolerated a variety of indole substitutions to yield 1H,2H,3H,4H-pyrido[1,2-a]indoles.
Virtual Experiments In Astrophysics,
2022
College of Charleston
Virtual Experiments In Astrophysics, Chris Fragile
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
A Skateboarding Experiential Learning Activity For Introductory Physics,
2022
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
A Skateboarding Experiential Learning Activity For Introductory Physics, Liang Zeng, Guang Zeng, Oscar Guerrero, George Garcia
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
Instructors of introductory college physics courses are in a unique position to explain the physics of skateboarding and its associated risks. A field trip to a skate park to explore the law of conservation of energy and measure the impact forces can enhance student analytical thinking skills and their appreciation of physics in everyday life. Through the measurement of the impact forces and student discussions of their own skateboarding experiences, students are better prepared to protect themselves from skateboarding-related physical injuries. Due to its flexible and creative nature, skateboarding has become a popular action sport worldwide. In the United States, …
The Solar Eclipse Of 1869 As Seen In Illinois, Indiana, And Kentucky,
2022
University of Northern Iowa
The Solar Eclipse Of 1869 As Seen In Illinois, Indiana, And Kentucky, Trishyan Anthony
Research in the Capitol
The Solar Eclipse of August 7th, 1869, was the first recorded total eclipse of the Sun to pass over the United States. The altitude of the eclipse varied depending on the longitude of the viewer. Wanting to know what was the public reaction of this solar eclipse gathering newspaper articles of the time really showed a window to what they were seeing and feeling at that time, and leading up to the day. Following the eclipse through some of the Midwest down to Kentucky showed differing results, as it had got later in the day of viewing. Though there was …
