University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Brigham Young University
Department of Physics, Utah State University
Union College - Schenectady, NY
University of North Florida
Chapman University
University of New Hampshire, Durham
University of New Mexico
A Review On Antibacterial Activity Of Nanoparticles,
2023
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
A Review On Antibacterial Activity Of Nanoparticles, Badr-Edine Sadoq, Mohammed Reda Britel, Adel Bouajaj, Ramzi Maâlej, Ahmed Touhami, Marwa Abid, Hanen Douiri, Fakhita Touhami, Amal Maurady
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations
The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotic agents is a main global public health problem. The use of nanoparticles is one of the promising ways to overcome microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Metal nanoparticles are increasingly used to target bacterial strains. Advances in nanotechnology, in particular the ability to synthesize nanoparticles of specific size and shape, are likely to lead to the development of new antibacterial agents. The antibacterial activities of nanoparticles are largely influenced by their sizes and large surface area/mass ratio. The antibacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, …
Bayesian Inference For The White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation,
2023
Harvard University
Bayesian Inference For The White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation, Nathan Stein, Ted Von Hippel, David Van Dyk, Steven Degennaro, Elizabeth Jeffery, Bill Jefferys
Publications
Stars lose mass as they age, and understanding mass loss is important for understanding stellar evolution. The initial-final mass relation (IFMR) is the relationship between a white dwarf’s initial mass on the main sequence and its final mass. We have developed a new method for fitting the IFMR based on a Bayesian analysis of photometric observations, combining deterministic models of stellar evolution in an internally coherent way. No mass data are used. Our method yields precise inferences (with uncertainties) for a parameterized linear IFMR. Our method can also return posterior distributions of white dwarf initial and final masses.
Databases And Inter-Connectivity In Ground-Based Astronomy,
2023
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Databases And Inter-Connectivity In Ground-Based Astronomy, Ted Von Hippel, C. M. Mountain
Publications
Optical and infrared ground-based astronomy is undergoing a renaissance. Advances in material technology, system modeling, and the ability to correct atmospheric distortions in real time have produced a new generation of powerful, large telescopes. An equally profound revolution stems from the availability of large observational databases that span the electromagnetic spectrum. The increased use of such databases as well as the need to operate the new telescopes efficiently requires the development of a National or International Virtual Observatory to set standards for astronomical database formats, data quality assurance, and access protocols, and also to provide all-inclusive centers for data products.
Development Of A Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Simulation For Weakly Ionized Plasmas,
2023
Macalester College
Development Of A Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Simulation For Weakly Ionized Plasmas, Xiaochuan (Chloe) Zheng, James Doyle
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
A plasma is a gaseous system that contains large numbers of electrons and ions that are subject to forces produced by electric and magnetic fields. Weakly ionized plasmas, where the plasma density is much lower than the background gas density, are common in laboratory, atmospheric, and astrophysical situations. Theoretical calculations of plasma properties are challenging due to the complexity of the differential equations used to characterize fundamental physics. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations bypass the mathematical difficulties associated with analytic models, at the expense of more complex and time-consuming computer calculations. In this work we developed a one dimensional PIC simulation of …
Tools For Refining The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation,
2023
Macalester College
Tools For Refining The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation, Ezra D. Wolf
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
This paper discusses the development of tools for galactic photometry using wise, and for reduction and analysis of 21cm galaxy spectra. These Python-based tools can then be applied to selected data in order to refine the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation. This relation, between baryonic mass and rotational velocity of a galaxy, proves useful for extragalactic research, particularly in calculating redshift-independent distances. While these tools could be further improved, they provide a robust process for calculation of particular galaxy characteristics.
Hydrosphere: Modeling The Planetary Structure Of Ocean Planets And Icy Moons,
2023
Macalester College
Hydrosphere: Modeling The Planetary Structure Of Ocean Planets And Icy Moons, Karlee R. Taylor
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
In recent years, “water worlds” have become increasingly of interest to astrobiologists due to their high potential for habitability, as the large amount water on their surfaces is not only necessary for life, but also promises long-term climatic stability. However, also necessary for life is the exchange of chemical compounds between the geosphere and the hydrosphere - something which may be ob- structed by the presence of high pressure ices on these ocean planets and icy moons. In order to explore the habitability of bodies with various surface temperatures, water masses, and core radii, this project develops a model of …
From Experiment To Theory: Investigate The Effect Of Pump Beam Size On Photovoltaic Material Behavior,
2023
Macalester College
From Experiment To Theory: Investigate The Effect Of Pump Beam Size On Photovoltaic Material Behavior, Dengyu Tu
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
In orde to investigate the effect of the pump beam size on an ultrafast conductivity measurement experiment, an experiment using Femto XL-500 laser and a simulation using Mathematica were performed. From the experiment data, we found that as the size of the pump beam decreases beyond certain limit, the Drude model can not accurately predict the relationship between conductivity and frequency. In addition, the simulation results corroborate with the experiment result that there is a limit for the size of the pump beam.
Machine Learning Refinements To Metallicity-Dependent Isotopic Abundances,
2023
Macalester College
Machine Learning Refinements To Metallicity-Dependent Isotopic Abundances, Haoxuan Sun
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
The project aims to use machine learning algorithms to fit the free parameters of an isotopic scaling model to elemental observations. The processes considered are massive star nucleosynthesis, Type Ia SNe, the s-process, the r-process, and p-isotope production. The analysis on the successful fits seeks to minimize the reduced chi squared between the model and the data. Based upon the successful refinement of the isotopic parameterized scaling model, a table providing the 287 stable isotopic abundances as a function of metallicity, separated into astrophysical processes, is useful for identifying the chemical history of them. The table provides a complete averaged …
Machine Learning Applications For Materials Science: Predicting Properties Of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Materials,
2023
Macalester College
Machine Learning Applications For Materials Science: Predicting Properties Of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Materials, Paige Stevenson
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
We trained successful neural networks to predict the formation energy and magnetic moment of 2-dimensional ferromagnetic materials of similar structure to Cr2Ge2Te6. We collect elemental data on materials with known and unknown properties from easily accessible sources to screen for viable materials for use in future research. Random forest regressors were used to identify the most important predictors of our target qualities, which perform better on predictions of formation energy than magnetic moment. We predict the properties of 1225 materials that are candidates for further research in two-dimensional magnetism and identify several potential sources of error in our models that …
Fabricating Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication Guide For Limited Lab Capabilities,
2023
Macalester College
Fabricating Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication Guide For Limited Lab Capabilities, Erin F. S. Leary
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
Within the realm of emerging photovoltaics, Perovskite cells are one of the most intriguing technologies. Within a little over a decade, Perovskite solar cells have rivaled the efficiencies of traditional silicon solar cells and strongly outpaced other emerging photovoltaic technologies. This paper aims to show a fabrication guide for creating Perovskite solar cells in a limited lab setting. The fabrication guide created structures with strong physical reliability, but limited electrical reliability. More research is needed to ensure greater reliability and proper electrical function.
Solar Radio Bursts —Deployable Low-Band Ionosphere And Transients Experiment (Dlite) Arrays,
2023
Macalester College
Solar Radio Bursts —Deployable Low-Band Ionosphere And Transients Experiment (Dlite) Arrays, Jonathan M. Kazor, Jason Kooi
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
Solar radio bursts, phenomenon that often accompany CME, solar flares and other solar events, can be detected on earth and used in the prediction of solar weather that affects earth systems in several ways. As part of the NREIP Program supporting the Naval Research Laboratory, Remote Sensing Division, approximately ten interns participated in the analysis of data collected by DLITE and WAVES radio data. Data from DLITE is often used as a complement to data from WAVES due to differences in frequency range and resolution. The analysis helps to correlate the DLITE data with the data collected from other sources. …
Mapping The Tesseral Field Of Saturn,
2023
Macalester College
Mapping The Tesseral Field Of Saturn, Aurora Hiveley
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
Saturn's rotation rate is still uncertain, and while it is theorized to exhibit differential rotation much like Jupiter, this claim is somewhat disputed. By analyzing the properties of waves in the ring system of Saturn as measured by the Cassini spacecraft, we aim to provide observational evidence of this phenomenon. The results of wave analysis allow us to characterize the perturbers responsible for the production of these waves, which are believed to be mass anomalies in the interior of Saturn itself. By calculating the masses of these anomalies and attempting to pinpoint their locations inside of the planet, we provide …
Trinification With A Bi-Adjoint Higgs Field,
2023
Macalester College
Trinification With A Bi-Adjoint Higgs Field, Ross Ferguson
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
In this paper, we propose a novel extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, based on the trinification gauge group $SU(3)_C \times SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$. Symmetry breaking is achieved using a bi-adjoint Higgs field (transforming under the left- and right-handed subgroups) along with a more conventional bi-triplet to ensure the correct breaking and pattern of fermion masses. To preserve a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry (T-parity), we also introduce a right-handed triplet to completely break trinification symmetry to the Standard Model. The minimization conditions and conditions for the boundedness of the potential for this model are calculated. Additionally, the Standard Model …
Adding Classical Novae Contribution To The Isotopic Scaling Model,
2023
Macalester College
Adding Classical Novae Contribution To The Isotopic Scaling Model, Mengxi Chen
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy
The Isotopic Scaling model(West & Heger, 2013) provides a complete average isotopic decomposition for our Milky Way as a function of metallicity and it requires an initial Solar Abundance Decomposition as a starting point. The previous Solar Abundance decomposition work is not perfect(West & Heger, 2013), since Classical Novae abundances are ignored. My research intends to improve the current solar abundance decomposition by adding Classical Novae Abundance contribution, then to update the Isotopic Scaling model.
Exploring The Mass To Light Ratio Of Massive Galaxies With The Rubin Dp0 Preview Dataset,
2023
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Exploring The Mass To Light Ratio Of Massive Galaxies With The Rubin Dp0 Preview Dataset, Denvir Joy Higgins
Physics
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will perform the 10-year long Legacy Survey of Space and Time expected to begin in 2024. LSST will cover the Southern Hemisphere, collecting over two million images with an 8.4-meter telescope and 3200-pixel camera. In collaboration with the scientific community and based on the Outer Rim Simulation \citep{heit19}, the Rubin Observatory released a simulated dataset (DP0) of the data that is expected to be in hand at the 5-year mark. Using this simulated dataset, I have explored the number and luminosity of the most massive local galaxies. Using a sample of the brightest, closest galaxies …
(R2033) Resonant Curve Due To Perturbations Of Geo-Synchronous Satellite Including Effect Of Earth’S Equatorial Ellipticity,
2023
University of Delhi
(R2033) Resonant Curve Due To Perturbations Of Geo-Synchronous Satellite Including Effect Of Earth’S Equatorial Ellipticity, Sushil Yadav, Mukesh Kumar, Virendra Kumar
Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)
In this paper, we have investigated resonant curve due to frequencies − angular rate of rotation of the Earth and the rate of change of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter. Perturbation equations are used to convert the non-linear equations of motion of geo-synchronous satellite to the linear form. With the help of graphs, we have shown the effect of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity parameter on oscillatory amplitude and variation in orbital radius of satellite. By defining different perturbations, we have also drawn resonant curve due to frequencies steady-state orbital angular rate of satellite and the rate of change of Earth’s equatorial ellipticity …
Using Deep Neural Networks To Classify Astronomical Images,
2023
Seattle Pacific University
Using Deep Neural Networks To Classify Astronomical Images, Andrew D. Macpherson
Honors Projects
As the quantity of astronomical data available continues to exceed the resources available for analysis, recent advances in artificial intelligence encourage the development of automated classification tools. This paper lays out a framework for constructing a deep neural network capable of classifying individual astronomical images by describing techniques to extract and label these objects from large images.
Table Of Contents,
2023
University of South Carolina
Table Of Contents
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
No abstract provided.
Perspective Sky: A New Architectural Typology For Astronomy,
2023
Kennesaw State University
Perspective Sky: A New Architectural Typology For Astronomy, Brendan Lydic
Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year
This thesis aims to reconnect modern humans to the night sky and the universe around us. A connection that has been lost to a multitude of barriers and distractions. Physical barriers like air and light pollution, and distractions like technology and overwhelming world events. I aim to restore this connection by creating a new architectural typology for the observation of and education about the night sky, the cosmos, and astronomy. It will serve as a site of pilgrimage, where visitors of all ages can re-engage with the stars and reintroduce themselves to the perspective of our ancestors. The questions I …
Improvements To Isru For Rocket Fuel Generation,
2023
James Madison University
Improvements To Isru For Rocket Fuel Generation, Justin Sharp
James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)
The development of efficient in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies is crucial for the establishment of an extraterrestrial, self-sustaining colony. The generation of rocket fuel at potential colony locations is necessary to provide the transportation of people and cargo to and from these locations.Three processes are discussed for the improvement of ISRU methods to generate rocket fuel: electrolysis and electrochemical improvements to the process of crude fuel production, physical and chemical methods for separation of gaseous H2 and O2, and materials and cryogenics engineering for storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX). Storage and transportation of cryogenics …
