Clinical Epidemiology Commons^™

Tendência Temporal Das Hospitalizações Por Enxaqueca No Brasil: Um Estudo Ecológico De Vigilância Epidemiológica Nacional Com Dados Do Datasus, Jesuély S. De Souza Ely

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal das hospitalizações por enxaqueca no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de base nacional com dados de hospitalizações por enxaqueca registradas no DATASUS no período de 2008-2019. O número absoluto de hospitalizações por enxaqueca e outras síndromes de algias cefálicas (CID-10 G43 e G44) foi coletado. A incidência foi calculada anualmente, ajustada pelo IBGE e pela ANS. Os dados foram estratificados em duas faixas etárias (20-59 e ≥ 60 anos), por sexo e região. O teste Mann Kendall foi usado para análise da força e direção da tendência. Os dados foram …

Genome-Scale Methylation Analysis In Blood And Tumor Identifies Immune Profile, Age Acceleration, And Dna Methylation Alterations Associated With Bladder Cancer Outcomes, Ji-Qing Chen

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Bladder cancer patients receive frequent screening due to the high tumor recurrence rate (more than 60%). Nowadays, the conventional monitoring method relies on cystoscopy which is highly invasive and increases patient morbidity and burden to the health care system with frequent follow-up. As a result, it is urgent to explore novel markers related to the outcomes of bladder cancer. Immune profiles have been associated with cancer outcomes and may have the potential to be biomarkers for outcomes management. However, little work has been conducted to investigate the associations of immune cell profiles with bladder cancer outcomes. Here, I utilized the …

‘Safe Couch, Safe House’ Program (Scshp): Reducing Exposure To Toxic Flame Retardants For Children In A Low-Income Public Housing At Hunters View, Bayview-Hunters Point, San Francisco., Aliza Khan

Master's Projects and Capstones

Since the 1970s, flame retardants have been used extensively in consumer goods, including furniture, textile, and electronics, to meet California’s flammability standards. (Gibson et al.,2019) Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), once the most widely used flame retardants being used in consumer products, were phased out from use in manufacturing as evidence emerged about PBDEs persistence and toxicity. (Hoffman et al.,2017) PBDEs were replaced by Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs), which has proven to be a case of ‘regrettable substitution’ as exposure to OPFRs is ubiquitous and pervasive in humans due to their volatility and propensity to leach from products into the environment. …

Incidence And Determinants Of Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In The Us: Hospitalization Discharge Rate For Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, And Gestational Hypertensions, 2016-2018., Kahir S. Jawad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent medical issues in pregnancy. It contributes considerably to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, making it one of the most significant public health problems. Although various epidemiological studies have been conducted over the past decades to assess the disease incidence and key risk factors associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, current incidence rates and trends are lacking. This is a novel and significant study because there are no current population-based incidence estimates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and their subtypes and very few studies with the power to explore a wide range …

Facilitators And Barriers To Effective Scale-Up Of Evidence-Based Nonprofit-Level Hiv Prevention And Treatment Interventions Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm), Ugochukwu C. Uzoeghelu

Master's Projects and Capstones

Since the scale-up of HIV/AIDS prevention evidence-based interventions (EBIs) has not been simple in nonprofit settings, it is crucial to examine processes that occur in the translation of the EBIs into practice that affect successful implementation through the lens of nonprofit principles and practices. This paper examines the facilitators and barriers to effective scale-up of evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment services for nonprofit health organizations that serve Black men who have sex with men (MSM). I interviewed nonprofit health organizations (n = 4) engaged in the global response to end the HIV epidemic, specifically those who provide HIV prevention and …

Inflammatory Marker Levels Among Patients Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Congenital Heart Defects, Patrick Pearce, Venkateswar Venkataraman, Andrea Iannuzzelli, Jennifer Lecomte

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and congenital heart defects (CHD) are conditions that both confer an immense increase in standard of care, and utilization of medical resources addressing comorbidities. One shared symptom that has been consistently cited is inflammation. This review sought to explore the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-𝞪 (TNF-𝞪) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) between patients diagnosed as having either ASD or CHD. By compiling published data containing the mean values of these two inflammatory markers within these populations, it was shown that while both have significantly elevated levels compared to a phenotypically normal demographic, there is no significant difference between …

Application Of Informatics Tools To Facilitate The Practice Of Precision Medicine With Genomic Testing And Clinical Data, Michael Sayer

Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD) Dissertations

The practice of precision medicine considers a variety of sources of information to optimize patient care. Factors such as patient demographics, clinical history, and lab test values have well understood effects on treatment outcomes and influence decision making. However, effective inclusion of biomolecular data such as protein expression and DNA sequencing data within the practice of precision medicine needs continued study. Informatics tools offer solutions to allow these complex data sources to be effectively embraced. Utilization of informatics tools to visualize data pertaining to the gene selection practices of pharmacogenomic (PGx) tests effectively communicated large amounts of information into concise …

The Association Of Long Working Hours And The Use Of Prescription Sedatives Among U.S. Workers., Emmanuel Ezekekwu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Meeting the needs of a round-the-clock and globalized society has led to an increase in long working hours. This trend has been accompanied by a corresponding rise in sleep disorders and subsequent use of sedating medications. Overtime hours have been associated with adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases, symptoms of psychological distress, and health behaviors, including risky intake of alcohol and smoking. Hence, the main objectives of this three-paper dissertation were to examine the multi-faceted relationship between working hours, the use of prescription sleep aids, the onset of psychological distress, and the use of health care services. METHODS: …

A Machine Learning Approach For Predicting Clinical Trial Patient Enrollment In Drug Development Portfolio Demand Planning, Ahmed Shoieb

Masters Theses

One of the biggest challenges the clinical research industry currently faces is the accurate forecasting of patient enrollment (namely if and when a clinical trial will achieve full enrollment), as the stochastic behavior of enrollment can significantly contribute to delays in the development of new drugs, increases in duration and costs of clinical trials, and the over- or under- estimation of clinical supply. This study proposes a Machine Learning model using a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) that is trained on a dataset of 100,000 patient enrollment data points including patient age, patient gender, patient disease, investigational product, study phase, blinded …

A Pathophysiological, Clinical, And Epidemiological View Of Malaria, Alyssa Watt

Senior Honors Theses

Malaria is a parasitic disease that is common among all ages in tropical and subtropical countries. Annually, there are an estimated 3.3 billion people in 97 countries at risk of contracting malaria. Malaria has been a major global health problem throughout history and is a leading cause of death and disease for many within tropical regions. In the past decade, efforts, such advances in medicine and insecticide techniques, have reduced the prevalence of malaria by 50% which suggests that the elimination of this disease is possible. With the prevalence of malaria and recent reduction, it is vital to aid in …

Covid-19 Coagulopathies: Highlights Of 2020–2021 Reported Data, Shreya Anil Kumar, Anushka Pradhan, Abdelrahman Elsebaie, Karina Fainchtein, Abdelrahman Noureldin, Yousra Tera, Sajida Kazi, Maha Othman

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved dramatically over the past two years, and literature on COVID-19 coagulopathy has been overwhelming, which complicates the process of understanding the literature or assessing the quality of the data available. The objective of this narrative review was to highlight and analyze data reported on COVID-19-induced coagulopathy and its outcomes in patients with severe or critical disease over two years of the pandemic.

Methods: Studies published in high-impact journals reporting on hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients, their coagulation parameters, and their thrombotic complications were included. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Ovid between Dec 1, 2019 and …

Validation Of The Occupational Depression Inventory In Brazil: A Study Of 1,612 Civil Servants, Renzo Bianchi, Danísio Calixto Cavalcante, Cristina Queirós, Blezi Daiana Menezes Santos, Jay Verkuilen, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Objective: The Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI) assesses work-attributed depressive symptoms. The ODI has demonstrated robust psychometric and structural properties. To date, the instrument has been validated in English, French, and Spanish. This study examined the psychometric and structural properties of the ODI's Brazilian-Portuguese version.

Methods: The study involved 1612 civil servants employed in Brazil (MAGE = 44, SDAGE = 9; 60% female). The study was conducted online across all Brazilian states.

Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis indicated that the ODI meets the requirements for essential unidimensionality. The general factor accounted for 91% of the common variance extracted. …

The Top 50 Most Cited Articles On The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (Mpfl): A Bibliometric Analysis, Varag Abed, Alex Duvall, Jonathan D. Rexroth, Alyssa Goodwin, Joseph Liu, Austin Stone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To determine which original articles on the topic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been cited the most in the literature utilizing a bibliometric approach. Secondarily, to determine temporal trends between article types.

Methods: Articles on the topic of the MPFL were identified by utilizing the Web of Science Database. The search yielded 1,596 results and the top 50 cited original articles were collected for further analysis. The following information was gathered for all included articles: title, first author's name, journal name, year of publication, impact factor of the journal in 2021, total number of citations of the …

Childhood-Onset Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Exacerbates Opioid Use Disorder Consequences: Mediation By Impulsive Phenotypes, Liam R. Browning, Ciara Cannoy, Tabitha E. H. Moses, Leslie H. Lundahl Phd, David M. Ledgerwood Phd, Mark K. Greenwald Phd

Medical Student Research Symposium

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent and associated with opioid use disorder (OUD). Yet, little is known about the mechanisms by which ADHD (which is a heterogeneous construct/diagnosis) might alter the trajectory of OUD outcomes.

Aim: This cross-sectional study examines relationships between childhood ADHD (inferred as predating substance use) and the extent to which the effects of ADHD on lifetime heroin-use consequences are mediated by foreshortened time perspective and drug-use impulsivity.

Methods: Individuals who report heroin use (N=214) were screened using the Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention (AHA), Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire (IRQ), Stanford Time Perception Inventory (STPI), …

Residential Racial Segregation And Neighborhood Adversity: Associations With Hemoglobin A1c In Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Zechariah Jean, April Carcone, Deborah Ellis

Medical Student Research Symposium

Black adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk for disparities in health outcomes. More research is necessary on the effects of neighborhood characteristics such as residential racial segregation (RRS) and neighborhood adversity on health.

149 Black youth with T1D were recruited from seven pediatric diabetes clinics in Detroit and Chicago to participate in a clinical trial to improve diabetes management. RRS was calculated at the census block group level based on US census data using Location Quotients. LQs represented the ratio of patients to total population in the block group compared to the same ratio in the …

Effects Of Michigan Opioid Laws On Prescriber Practices In The Emergency Department, Lydia Ross, Gary Kanner, Claire Pearson

Medical Student Research Symposium

Introduction: Opiate analgesics (OA) are responsible for more overdose deaths than any other medication class. Michigan is among the states most greatly affected by the opioid epidemic, and in late 2017, the Michigan Opioid Laws were passed in efforts to decrease opioid associated addiction and overdose deaths. This set of laws provides regulation of OA prescriptions and to increase patient awareness of the associated risks of opioid use. These laws collectively require a physician to educate the patient on harms of opiates, provide substance abuse disorder services in the setting of an overdose, establish a relationship with the patient, obtain …

Effects Of Covid-19 On Various Socioeconomic Strata In Nyc, Steven Tung

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review: Rural Health Disparities During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United States, Brittney Harrell

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Serum Cotinine As A Predictor Of Lipid-Related Indices In Turkish Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinic-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Gustavo G. Zarini, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Avinash R. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Publications and Research

Background: Turkish immigrants form the largest ethnic minority group in the

Netherlands and show a higher prevalence of (i) cardiovascular disease (CVD),

(ii) cigarette smoking, and (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the native

Dutch. This study examines the association of CVD risk factors: serum cotinine, as

an indicator of cigarette smoke, and lipid-related indices among first-generation

(foreign-born) Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the

Netherlands.

Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years

and older, were recruited by convenience sampling from the Schilderswijk

neighbourhood of The Hague in a clinic-based …

Cross Cultural Adaptation And Validation Of A Self-Reporting Tool To Assess Health-Related Quality Of Life For Egyptians With Extremity Bone Sarcomas In Childhood Or Adolescence, Nesma Farid

Theses and Dissertations

Validated self-reporting tools are required to evaluate the functional outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for Egyptians who had extremity bone sarcomas in their childhood or adolescence. Thus, we pursued cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the pediatric Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (pTESS) and Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) to assess the physical function of children and adult survivors following surgeries of extremity bone sarcomas. Modified versions of pTESS and TESS, which contain additional mental domains, were developed to allow the evaluation of HRQOL using a specific instrument for childhood bone cancer. The internal consistency of the original pTESS and …