Epidemiology Commons^™

Modeling The Role Of Land Conversion On The Spread Of An Epizootic Disease, Dustin Padilla

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

An Agent-Based Model Of Environmental Transmission Of Clostridioides Difficile In Healthcare Settings, Max Lewis, Laila Mahrat, Cara Sulyok, Brittany Stephenson

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Programmatic Impacts Of Utilizing Various Staffing Options For Covid-19 Contact Tracers: Recommendations And Lessons Learned, Michael Wiese, Alison Oberne, Laura Rusnak, Patrick Rodriguez, Matawal Makut

Florida Public Health Review

Background: The rapidly expanding COVID-19 pandemic created an immediate demand for the Department of Health in Hillsborough County (DOH-Hillsborough) Epidemiology Program to supplement its contact tracing workforce; and, because of the long duration of the response, a sustained workforce was needed. The DOH-Hillsborough Epidemiology Program’s COVID-19 response, broadly referred to as “contact tracing”, included case investigations, outbreaks, and identification and notifications to exposed individuals. To meet contact tracing staffing needs, several staffing options were utilized, including Core Epidemiology Staff, Reassigned DOH-Hillsborough staff (Reassigned Staff), Contracted staffing agency hires (Contract Staff), State of Florida hires (State Level Hires), County hires ...

A Descriptive Analysis Of Patients With Attempted Suicide At A Rural Level I Trauma Center, Evelyn Coile, Tatiana Eversley-Kelso, Eric K. Shaw, Cynthia Ponir, Mickey M. Ott

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Objectives

For patients with self-harm, suicide attempt, or suicide completion, the trauma bay is often the single point of contact. Regional differences and patterns exist for suicide that should be studied to enhance preventive strategies. Our goal was to critically evaluate the suicidal population of Southeast Georgia over a 9-year period.

Methods

A retrospective review of our trauma database from January 2010 through December 2019 was conducted at a Level I Trauma Center. All ages were included. All patients arriving with attempted suicide or death due to a suicidal complication were included. Patients with deaths highly suspicious for suicide were ...

The Experiences And Challenges Of Community Health Volunteers As Agents For Behaviour Change Programming In Africa: A Scoping Review, Mary Ndu, Ellena Andoniou, Sorcha Mcnally, Francisco Olea Popelka, Marisa Tippet, Elysee Nouvet

Health Studies Publications

ommunity health volunteers are considered a vital part of the community health structure in Africa. Despite this vital role in African health systems, very little is known about the community health volunteers’ day-to-day lived experiences providing services in communities and supporting other health workers. This scoping review aims to advance understanding of the day-to-day experiences of community health volunteers in Africa. In doing so, this review draws attention to these under-considered actors in African health systems and identifies critical factors and conditions that represent challenges to community health volunteers’ work in this context. Ultimately, our goal is to provide a ...

An Algorithm For Indoor Sars-Cov-2 Transmission, Daniel Maxin, Spencer Gannon

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

We propose a computer modeling approach for SARS-CoV-2 transmission that can be preferable to a purely mathematical framework. It is illustrated its functionality in a specific case of indoor transmission. Based on literature, we assume that infection is due to aerosols with viral particles that persist and accumulate for hours in the air even after the persons who produced them left the space. We incorporate also restricted opening hours as a mitigation measure and one possible behavioral change in response to this measure. It is shown via several examples how this algorithmic modeling approach can be used to run various ...

Debunking Covid-19 Myths In Utah, Jessica Ulrich-Schad, Aaron Hunt

All Current Publications

Authors identified common myths about the COVID-19 vaccine and booster from a survey of over 500 adults across the state of Utah. This poster displays the myths and the respective facts. It includes links for finding more information and a place to get vaccinated or boosted.

What? Is Epstein–Barr Virus Infection Linked To Multiple Sclerosis?, Asha Mahajan, Steven B Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Probing Mechanisms Of Binding And Allostery In The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Omicron Variant Complexes With The Host Receptor: Revealing Functional Roles Of The Binding Hotspots In Mediating Epistatic Effects And Communication With Allosteric Pockets, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Steve Agajanian, Ryan Kassab, Keerthi Krishnan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this study, we performed all-atom MD simulations of RBD–ACE2 complexes for BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Omicron subvariants, conducted a systematic mutational scanning of the RBD–ACE2 binding interfaces and analysis of electrostatic effects. The binding free energy computations of the Omicron RBD–ACE2 complexes and comprehensive examination of the electrostatic interactions quantify the driving forces of binding and provide new insights into energetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary differences between Omicron variants. A systematic mutational scanning of the RBD residues determines the protein stability centers and binding energy hotpots in the Omicron RBD–ACE2 ...

Do You Know The Pathophysiology Of Cytokine Storm During Covid-19?, Shameera Shaik Masthan, Deekshitha Turaka, Ahmed Abdelhaleem, Mounica Vorla, Steven B. Lippmann

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Omicron Variants Of The Sars-Cov-2: A Potentially Significant Threat In A New Wave Of Infections, Lukasz Szarpak, Michal Pruc, Alla Navolokina, Kavita Batra, Francesco Chirico, Charles De Roquetaillade

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

From the beginning, the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a huge challenge and burden for medical services [1]. Currently, humanity is dealing with a new wave of the virus that has evolved and presents a new challenge, mainly due to its ability to avoid immune surveillance. Indeed, our main line of defense — vaccines — may be compromised. Omicron variants are characterized by an evolutionary force unprecedented so far. Among the several sublines that have already emerged, the BA.5 strain exhibit higher transmissibility and demonstrates a worrisome immune evasion. According to several laboratory investigations, vaccination-induced antibodies are less successful at ...

A Novel Approach To Assessment Of Us Pediatric Trauma System Development., Mary E. Fallat, Colin Traeger, Sophie Humphrey, Lindsey Gumer, Kahir Jawad, Elissa Butler, Frederick B. Rogers, Frederick P. Rivara, Amelia T. Collings

Faculty Scholarship

Importance Mature trauma systems are critical in building and maintaining national, state, and local resilience against all-hazard disasters. Currently, pediatric state trauma system plans are not standardized and thus are without concrete measures of potential effectiveness.

Objective To develop objective measures of pediatric trauma system capability at the state level, hypothesizing significant variation in capabilities between states, and to provide a contemporary report on the status of national pediatric trauma system planning and development.

Design, Setting, and Participants A national survey was deployed in 2018 to perform a gap analysis of state pediatric trauma system capabilities. Four officials from each ...

Patterns And Determinants Of Hiv Postexposure Prophylaxis In A Tertiary Health Facility In Nigeria, Onyinye H. Chime, Edmund O Ndibuagu, Wilfred O. Okenwa

International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Background: One of the targets of HIV prevention strategy is to ensure that 95% of the population access prevention services by 2030 with the aspiration of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Methods: This is a record-based cross-sectional review. Data was extracted from the PEP registers and treatment folders from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: Non-occupational exposure (82.5%) was reported more than occupational (17.5%). Majority of cases (442) resulted from rape. Only 9.1% of the clients returned for follow-up and all were negative. Conclusion: Behavioral interventions designed to promote HIV risk reduction and protective behaviors should ...

Anxiety And Depression Prevalence In Chinese Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease：A Meta-Analysis, Jinchi Zhou Co-First Authors, Weijia Dou Co-First Authors, Yan Wei, Shuguang Zhao, Wei Han, Hao Cheng, Zhenxiong Liu

General Practice in China

Background　Gastroesophageal reflux disease（GERD）is a common digestive disease with high global incidence trend，which may cause serious psychological burden on patients，and is closely related to anxiety and depression prevalence in them.Therefore，accurate understanding of the mental state of GERD will contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of GERD.However，there is no systematic analysis of mental status and GERD in Chinese population. Objective　To perform a Meta-analysis of studies regarding anxiety and depression prevalence in Chinese GERD patients.Methods Investigative studies on anxiety and depression in Chinese GERD patients published from January 2000 to May 2020 ...

Analysis Of Prevalence Characteristics Of Post-Stroke Complications And Recommendations For Optimization Of Primary Management, Bin Jing

General Practice in China

Stroke is the leading cause of death among Chinese residents，with the improvement of hospital treatment level，the number of stroke survivors returning to the community is also increasing.This has greatly increased the demand for primary community health services，but also brought great challenges to the grassroots community health services.This article discusses the risk factors of stroke survivors in the community and the epidemiological characteristics of post-stroke complications，the grass-roots management plan after stroke recommended based on evidence or expert consensus，and how to establish and optimize the grass-roots management system after stroke，which aims to improve existing ...

The Prevalence Of Cerebral Palsy In Children Aged 0-6 Years In China：A Meta-Analysis, Yuxia Feng, Wei Peng, Xin Li, Shunbo Yang, Shiyu Liu, Shuqing Lu

General Practice in China

BackgroundAs one of the main causes of children's disability, cerebral palsy (hereinafter referred to as CP) affects the improvement of our population quality. At present, the results of researches on the prevalence of children suffering from CP in our country are quite different, and there is a lack of epidemiological studies based on larger sample sizes and the current prevalence of CP. ObjectiveTo learn about the prevalence of CP in children aged 0~6 years in China. MethodsLiteratures on the prevalence of CP in children aged 0~6 years in China were retrievaled through computer in PubMed, Web of ...

Prevalence Survey Of Overweight, Obesity And Central Obesity Among Community-Living Residents In Beijing's Pinggu District, Zihou Zhao, Xiangshuang Kong, Lianying Wang, Guangxia Guo, Yufeng Li

General Practice in China

Background Overweight and obesity have been proved to be important risk factors of chronic diseases such as diabetes，hypertension，arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and tumor. According to the latest data，the total number of overweight and obesity population in China is close to 1/4 of the total population. Timely knowing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in different regions may provide theoretical basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of obesity and other chronic diseases.Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight，obesity and central obesity in communityliving residents in Pinggu District of Beijing，to provide a science-based strategy for ...

Informing Healthcare Operations With Integrated Pathology, Clinical, And Epidemiology Data: Lessons From A Single Institution In Kenya During Covid-19 Waves, Allan Njau, Jemimah Kimeu, Jaimini Gohil, David Nganga

Pathology, East Africa

Pathology, clinical care teams, and public health experts often operate in silos. We hypothesized that large data sets from laboratories when integrated with other healthcare data can provide evidence that can be used to optimize planning for healthcare needs, often driven by health-seeking or delivery behavior. From the hospital information system, we extracted raw data from tests performed from 2019 to 2021, prescription drug usage, and admission patterns from pharmacy and nursing departments during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya (March 2020 to December 2021). Proportions and rates were calculated. Regression models were created, and a t-test for differences between ...

Smart Indigenous Youth, Jamin Patel

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

There is evidence that indicates the immense benefits of physical activity for the physical and mental health of youth. To respond to the youth mental health crisis in Indigenous communities in Canada, a culturally appropriate, land-based active living program called Smart Indigenous Youth (SIY) was developed by the Digital Epidemiology and Population Health Laboratory (DEPtH Lab). SIY is a longitudinal digital health community trial that applies the concept of citizen science to assess land-based active living’s impact on Indigenous youth mental health. My project examined the challenges to mental health faced by youth living in Indigenous Rural Communities during ...

Comparing Outcomes For Community-Acquired Pneumonia Between Females And Males: Results From The University Of Louisville Pneumonia Study, Pavani Nathala, Simrat Sarai, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Mahder A. Tella, Stephen P. Furmanek, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Male sex is currently considered to be a risk factor for worsened community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) outcomes compared to female sex; hence, female sex equates to a lower score on the Pneumonia Severity Index. There is no recent update on sex-based outcomes of patients with CAP. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of CAP between females and males.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the University of Louisville Pneumonia Study database. It was a prospective population-based cohort study of all hospitalized adults with CAP who were residents of Jefferson County in the city of Louisville ...