Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons^™

Finasteride Adverse Effects And Post-Finasteride Syndrome; Implications For Dentists, Stana Paunica, Marina Giurgiu, Andrei Vasilache, Ioana Paunica, Ion Motofei, Adriana Vasilache, Horia Traian Dumitriu, Anca Silvia Dumitriu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor widely used in present in the therapeutic approach of androgenic alopecia. Adverse effects consist in variable sign and symptoms, the most common being represented by mental troubles (reduced feeling of life pleasure or emotions, depression), physical impairments (loss of muscle tone and/or mass) and sexual complains (loss of libido and sexual potency). An increasing number of studies identify and describe even a post-finasteride syndrome (persistent adverse affects three months or more after finasteride cessation) or new adverse effects including but not limited at the skin level or oral cavity (marginal periodontium).

We intend to present …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor Stem Cell Creation Via High Nitric Oxide (Hno) Adaptation, Niresh T. Kuganeswaran '16, Krishi Korrapati '17, Thomas Wan '16, Timothy Tamas, James A. Radosevich

Student Publications & Research

Cancer relapse or recurrence is defined as the return of cancer or its signs/symptoms after a period of improvement. Surgery may not remove all cancer cells and leave behind a few which cannot be detected by scans or other tests. It is also possible that some tumor cells are resistant to chemotherapy or radiation. Although many cancer cells are killed by these treatments, there may exist a few which contain a different genetic makeup which allows them to survive. These hypermalignant cancer cells, or cancer stem cells (CSCs), have been associated with causing cancer relapse. It has also been predicted …

Role Of Pseudogenes In Cancer Stem Creation Via High Nitric Oxide (Hno) Adaptation, Krishi Korrapati '17, Niresh T. Kuganeswaran '16, Thomas Wan '16, Timothy Tamas, James A. Radosevich

Student Publications & Research

Gene chip analysis of ten HNO adapted cell lines (Squamous cells: SCC-016, SCC-040, SCC-056, SCC-114, SCC-116; Adenocarcinomas: A549, BT20, Hs578, MCF7, and T47D) was carried out. Known pseudogenes were identified in each line, as well as their coding counterparts.

The adenocarcinoma cell lines had no up regulated pseudogenes, while they had the following down regulated pseudogenes: RP6-159A1.2, RP11-255N24.3, AC004490.1, LDHBP, RP11-572H4.2. The squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) had the following up regulated pseudogenes: RPL37AP1, AC138972.1, RP11-641D5.1, AC005534.6, AC022431.1, RPL26P12, and they had these down regulated pseudogenes: RP6-159A1.2, RP11-255N24.3, RBMXP1, RP11-20O23.1, RP11-551G24.2. All cell lines adhered to the hypothesis that an increase …

Involvement Of Signal Peptidase I In Streptococcus Sanguinis Biofilm Formation, Jessica Aynapudi

Theses and Dissertations

Biofilm accounts for 65%-80% of microbial infections in humans. Considerable evidence links biofilm formation to oral disease and consequently systemic infections. Eradication of biofilm-associated infections is important. Streptococcus sanguinis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is one of the most abundant species in oral biofilm. It contributes to biofilm development in oral cavities and is one of the recognized causes of infective endocarditis. To study and identify biofilm genes in S. sanguinis, biofilm formation of 51 mutants was compared with the wild type SK36 strain using crystal violet (CV) staining in a microtiter plate. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis was …

The Study Of The Regulon Of Oxyr In Escherichia Coli And Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Christopher K. Pham

Theses and Dissertations

The facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli and the obligate anaerobe, Porphyromonas gingivalis are two bacteria that reside in our body. Although they reside in separate environments, they are both subject to hydrogen peroxide stress and have mechanisms to regulate the stress. OxyR is the primary transcriptional regulator/sensor of oxidative stress response caused by hydrogen peroxide. OxyR in P. gingivalis is not well-characterized compared to OxyR in E. coli. We sought to characterize and compare the two forms of OxyR in order to gain a better understanding of the protein. We determined the oligomeric state of both proteins: primarily a tetramer for …

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Response To Cisplatin Exposure, Khanh V. Luong

Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: This thesis attempted to quantitatively analyze the individual cell fate choice in resistant head and neck UM-SCC38 cells exposed to cisplatin using the most current techniques available.

Methods: UM-SCC-38 cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). They were treated with cisplatin and ATM/ATR inhibitors of known dosages. Using live cell imaging, one hundred cells were tracked in each experiment and their behaviors were analyzed and entered into Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet to generate cell profile graphs. HaCaT cells, non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line, were also analyzed using live cell imaging and their …

Synthesis And Functional Evaluation Of Peptide Modified Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles To Inhibit Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation., Paridhi Kalia

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disorder that afflicts roughly 46% of the adults in the U.S. Currently, treatment of periodontal disease involves the removal of plaque from the gingival pocket (with possible antibiotic treatment) and if necessary, gingival surgery. To our knowledge, no therapeutic approach exists that promotes host-biofilm homeostasis by limiting pathogen recolonization of the oral cavity after prophylaxis or treatment. The interaction of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis with commensal streptococci is critical for initiation of periodontitis and represents a target for limiting P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity. Previous studies showed that a synthetic peptide …

The State Of Oral Health On The African Continent, Megan E. Josefczyk

Senior Honors Theses

The African continent has continuously suffered from poverty, poor sanitation, and malnutrition, leaving it an open feeding ground for infectious disease and premature death. Along with poor oral hygiene and an unavailability of dental clinics, oral disease is allowed to thrive and cause great harm. In the last two decades, the World Health Organization and others have tried to implement better systems of oral health care for the African people and have advocated for more well-trained dentists, dental clinics, equipment, and affordable dental care. Progress has been made in some African countries, but the continent is still in serious need …

Mass Spectrometric Analyses Of Surface Proteins From Candida Albicans After Treatment With Histatin 5, Shirley Fan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Current drug therapies have lost their effectiveness in controlling the fungal species known as C. albicans; therefore, the need for newer drugs becomes crucial. Histatin 5 (Hst 5), a naturally occurring peptide found in the oral cavity, has demonstrated strong effects on controlling candidiasis. Here, we have proposed that the adhesion of cells through surface proteins is an important process. To allow the analysis of surface proteins, the concept of on-whole cell tryptic digestions were developed. This on-target approach allows for isolation of the peptides of interest, while greatly reducing digestion times.

To study the effects of Histatin 5 …

Novel Protective Salivary Peptides And The Chitosan Nanoparticles Delivery System, Flavia Zaidan Cardoso Salina

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

As a result of its protein composition, saliva performs many essential functions that contribute to oral homeostasis. However, salivary proteins suffer quick degradation in the oral cavity, which decreases the protective potential of that fluid (Chapter 2). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we evaluated the effect of our novel salivary peptides DR9, DR9-DR9, DR9-RR14 and RR14 on the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx). All peptides containing DR9 showed significant inhibitory effect on the crystallization of CaOx, whereas RR14 showed no effect (Chapter 3). Next, we tested the adsorption behavior of our chitosan nanoparticles (CHNP) delivery system to hydroxyapatite (HA) surface …

Underlying Mechanisms Regulating Gingival Healing And Fibrosis, Shawna Soheun Kim

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Successful wound healing involves tightly controlled regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling, and myofibroblast-mediated wound contraction, to restore normal tissue function. However, these events involved in healing are also associated with development of tissue fibrosis, which is characterized by excessive deposition of ECM and the presence of myofibroblasts. Increasing evidence suggests that periostin is a critical player in regulating skin healing and fibrosis. In contrast to most adult tissues, gingival connective tissue is known to heal more rapidly and with less scarring, yet is still associated with fibrosis, such as drug-induced gingival enlargement. The aim of this study …

The Effect Of Cheese On The Ph Levels In The Oral Cavity, Madison R. Hayden

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

In the Fall of 2014, research was conducted with 20 participants on the campus of Western Kentucky University. Participants were given two ounces of Coca Cola^® to drink and the pH level in their mouth was tested one minute later. After waiting a minute, the participants were given a one ounce square of mild cheddar cheese to eat and the pH level was tested again one minute later. For further study, this project will be expanded to include more subjects as well as an increased exposure time to Coca Cola^®. This research is conducted to help support …

Vitamin A Is Essential For Proper Embryonic Submandibular Salivary Gland Growth., Deanna Ellene Buenger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Submandibular salivary glands (SMG) are important for the production of saliva. Salivary glands may be damaged by autoimmune disease, surgery, or radiation therapy. Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling metabolite derived from Vitamin A that is essential for proper embryonic growth and development; specifically for cardiovascular, limb and craniofacial development. The goal of this study was to determine if there is a reproducible defect in the growth of SMGs in RA deficient mouse embryos compared to wild type. This study aims to characterize SMG growth in RA deficient embryos and determine if the growth could be stimulated by RA in …

Evaluating The Marginal Integrity Of Lithium Disilicate Veneers Fabricated By Digital Impressions And Cad/Cam Compared To Conventional Techniques., Michael C. Guzelian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This in vitro study compared marginal gap size in anterior lithium disilicate veneers produced by conventional and digital impressions. One typodont right central incisor was prepared for an all-ceramic cast. Ten conventional veneers were fabricated using Type IV stone, PVS, and IPS e.max press, while ten digital veneers were fabricated using Lava COS (3M ESPE) and IPS e.max CAD/CAM processing and milling. Samples were divided double-blindly, captured at 45X magnification, evaluated at three images per orientation (B-D-M-P), and measured at three distances (largest, smallest, best fit) per image. Data points were entered into SPSS code for one-way and two-way ANOVA, …

Oral Wellness: Using Occupational Therapy To Enhance Oral Hygiene Delivery In Long-Term Care, Lauryn J. Banovitz, Liberty Bellah, Rosemarie Lion

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Based on current literature, oral health in long-term care (LTC) facilities is frequently of low priority and does not follow evidence-based best practices. Poor oral health reduces the quality of life of older adult residents and patients and can lead to systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and pneumonia, the leading cause of death in LTC. Occupational therapists can play an instrumental role as oral care consultants, and educators, and can act as resource guides to raise the standards of oral care in LTC facilities.

This capstone project explored ways in which occupational therapy, a profession traditionally designated for …

Identification Of Transcription Factors Gzf3, Rfx1, Orf19.3928 As Being Implicated In Candida-Bacterial Interactions., Joni Watson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that is present in the normal flora in a majority of individuals. One key factor in C. albicans virulence is the ability to change its morphology from yeast to an elongated or hyphal form. The regulation of this morphogenesis relies in part upon quorum sensing (QS) molecules. C. albicans often exists as part of a mixed culture alongside other microbes and is influenced by their presence as well as the presence of QS molecules that they produce. In this study, a library of diploid homozygous transcriptional regulator knockout (TRKO) mutants were screened to identify …

Electronic Cigarettes: A New Generation Of Smoking, Claire M. Warren

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Electronic cigarette smoking is a trend that has become very popular in the United States in recent years. As e-cigarettes continue to gain popularity, it is important for dental professionals to be up-to-date on the dangers that they pose.

An interview session consisting of a questionnaire was the methodology used in this study. Ten dental hygienists who work full or part-time in private practice settings were interviewed. After the interview questions were asked, the researcher discussed the effects of electronic cigarettes can have on oral and overall health. Last, the data were analyzed to determine if dental hygienists included electronic …

Giant Cell Tumor Of The Larynx Treated By Surgery And Adjuvant Denosumab: Case Report And Review Of The Literature, A. E. Yancoskie, D. K. Frank, J. E. Fantasia, S. Savona, N. Eiseler, I. Reder, L. B. Kahn

Journal Articles

Giant cell tumor of the larynx (GCTL) is a rare entity; only 34 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of GCTL in a 46 year-old male presenting clinical, radiographic, histological and therapeutic features. Previously reported cases are also reviewed.

Immunohistochemical Assessment Of Cytokeratin 17 And Epcam Expression In Different Grades Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Safaa El-Baz, Iman Helmy, Mohamed Hosam El Mallahy

Dentistry

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common malignancies in the head and neck region, is graded based on Broder’s classification into well-differentiated, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Cytokeratin 17 (K17, CK17) is an acid-type I cytokeratin with a low-molecular weight of 48.1 kDa. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a hemophilic Ca2+ independent adhesion molecule. This study used an immunohistochemical technique (IHC) to examine the expression of CK17 and EpCAM in thirty-two specimens of OSCC (comprising 13 well-, 9 moderately, and 10 poorly differentiated cases), and 2 specimens of normal oral mucosa, used as control. It was found …

The Expression And Potential Significance Of Human Kallikreins 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, And 14 In The Epithelium Of Selected Odontogenic Cysts And Tumors Of Variably Aggressive Biological Behaviour, Rebecca Woodford

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

ABSTRACT

This study analyzed the immunohistochemical staining, localization and relative concentrations of human kallikreins (KLKs) 6,7,8,10,13,14 to determine if there is a predilection for odontogenic epithelium and if differential staining could predict biological behavior of selected odontogenic lesions.

We found that all KLKs studied were present in the epithelium of all lesions examined. However, there were significant differences in location of intra-epithelial staining and staining scores between the lesions. There was no significant, unexplainable difference in staining between odontogenic cysts and the control cyst indicating no specific role in odontogenic cystogenesis. However, the odontogenic neoplasms showed statistically significant increased expression …